1 Yu Tong BEIJING MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER BAQ2002 HONGKONG Dec 16-18 of 2002 AIR...

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Yu Tong

BEIJING MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER

BAQ2002 HONGKONG

Dec 16-18 of 2002

AIR QUALITY MONITORINGIN BEIJING

AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN BEIJING

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Introduction of Beijing Municipality • 39º08'-- 41º05'N latitude,115º25'-- 117º30’E longtitude

• Total area of 16,800km²,the urban planning area 1040km²

• The 62% of Beijing is mountainous area and in the west , the north and the north-east.

• So the local wind directions change every day and night. South wind in the day and north wind in the night.

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Introduction of Beijing Municipality

• The annual average temperature is 11-12ºC and

four distinct seasons

• The annual average precipitation is less than 500 mm with 76% occurring between June and August

• Inversion days more than 250 days/year,most in the Autumn and Winter

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AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN BEIJINGIntroduction of Beijing Municipality

• About 120 days each year the daily average-temperature is lower than 6ºC, the heating season make up a major part of the energy consumption.

• The little precipitation in winter and spring.

• Threatened by the dust storms originating in northwest China,where centuries unrestricted use of land,poor forest and grassland cover,and strong persistent winds.

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Excessive Centralization of Urban Development

• The urban planning area is about 6% of the whole Municipality, but

* hold about half of the population(7 million)

* about 80% of the building

* 60% of the energy consumption.

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Others

• Industrial structure

• Inadequacy of the Infrastructure

• Energy composition

• The amount of vehicle increases rapidly

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AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

1. Monitoring Network

• Auto Air Monitoring System set up in 1983. Now 28 Stations in Beijing.

• Pollutants of SO2,CO,NO-NO2-NOx, O3, TSP, PM10,Pb and Bap are monitored.

• Meteorological data: WD/WS T/RH .

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Instruments

• TEOM based analyzers are used for continue measurement of PM10

• High volume samplers are used for TSP and PM10 mass, and for Sulphates ,Nitrates, Pb and Bap analysis

• GENT samplers are used for particulate(coarse and fine ) mass and elements analysis.

• EC/OC in PM10/2.5 are measured with R&P5400.

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LIDAR

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AIR QUALITYMONITORING IN BEIJING

AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

2. Passive Sampler Network is Made from 1999

• Up to 150 sampling points to monitor the NO2 in summer and winter

• Up to 100 sampling points to monitor the O3 in Summer

• Up to 100 sampling points to monitor the SO2 in Winter

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1996-2001 NOx年浓度

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/微克立方米

-采暖季城近郊

非采暖季-城近郊

-采暖季清洁点

非采暖季-清洁点

国家二级年均值标准

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1996-2001 SO2年浓度

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-采暖季城近郊


-采暖季清洁点



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1996-2001 TSP年浓度

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/微克立方米

-采暖季城近郊


-采暖季清洁点



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AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN BEIJING(SO2)

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YEAR 2000 -DAYLY CONCENTRATION （ NO2）2000年二氧化氮污染浓度年变化图

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AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN BEIJING Year 2000- Daily PM10 Concentration

2000 PM10年污染浓度年变化图

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/浓度单位：毫克立方米

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1995-2001.6 Dust Episode

Heating Season Non Heating Season Sand Storm DayYear Days Days Per cent Days Per cent Days Per cent

1995 14 11 79% 3 21% 2 14%1996 11 8 73% 3 27% 0 0%1997 14 11 79% 3 21% 2 14%1998 20 15 75% 5 25% 3 15%1999 10 7 70% 3 30% 6 60%2000 11 6 55% 5 46% 5 46%

2001. 6 9 1 11% 8 89% 6 67%

* Statistic on API Grade 5 of TSP(1995-1999) and PM10(2000-2001.6)

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AIR QUALITY IN BEIJINGEpisode Category: FOUR Types1. Regional Episode from Stable Weather Process • Include Several City Area, Normally The Beijing,Tianjing,

Shijiazhuang and Taiyuan.• For Several Days,pollutants Accumulating 1-3 days• All pollutants Are Higher• High Concentrations both Urban and Suburb• Ending by a Strong Weather Process and very Fast 2. Local Episode from Local Stable Weather Process• Only in Beijing Area• 1 or 2 days• Only Urban area • All pollutants Are Higher

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AIR QUALITY IN BEIJINGEpisode Category: FOUR Types

3. Special Episode • Unusual pollutant emission• Strong Inversion• Several Hours • Some pollutants 4. Dust or Sand Storm• Most From the West-North• Only the Dust• Regional or Local

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AIR QUALITY and SOURCES IN BEIJING

A Yellow Sand Storm Process：2000 4 5 7 8年月日到日污染与米高度风速

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PM10

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/逆温强度（摄氏度）风速（米秒）

定陵市区平均 8米风速逆温

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AIR QUALITY and SOURCES IN BEIJING

Air Quality Models for management are used:

• Statistic Model for Forecasting

• CART Model for O3 and PM10 forecast

• CMB

• ISC Model and Mobile 5 for Planning

• APOPS for Forecast and Simulation Analysis

• ADMS will be used for Energy-Environment Management of Beijing

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• Air Pollution Index (API) standard in 1998

• From Feb 1998 Beijing publishes the API weekly

• From April 1999 Beijing publishes the Daily API• Air Quality Forecast Models are completed and

now report on the TV,newspaper and Internet everyday （ From May Day of 2001）

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Based on serious particulate pollution:

• 16 new high volume samplers are equipped in year of 2000, and RAAS2.5- 400 sampler will be equipped next year

• DOAS and FTIR

• More attention on O3 and VOCs

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Based on particulate pollution:

• Visibility study is in progress

• PM2.5 and PM1.0 measurement is introduced this year

• MPL will be installed next year

• EOS/MODIS receive system is equipped for regional aerosol study

• To improve the emission inventory.

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Based on Air Pollution:

• Clean Energy -- Natural Gas

• NewVehicle Exhaust Gas Standard-- EUII next year

• Public Awareness.

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Public Awareness :

• New Environmental Program on Beijing TV Public Information Channel--- BTV-9, From January First of 2003

• Everyday and Fixed Schedule

• News on Environmental Protection

• Daily Air Quality Report

• Daily Air Quality Forecast and Suggestions

• Hot Line - Response

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EOS/MODIS LIDAR METEO-RECEIVER

NET INTERFACE

AIR MONITORSTATIONS

CENTER

TV PAPER

SAMPLING

LAB ANALYSIS

REPORT

MULTI CPUSERVER

NECP

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THANK YOU

1 Yu Tong BEIJING MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CENTER BAQ2002 HONGKONG Dec 16-18 of 2002 AIR...

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