1 X-10 Beyond the Basics EH-Expo, S20, Cell #C Thank you for taking the time. We hope you know more...
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Transcript of 1 X-10 Beyond the Basics EH-Expo, S20, Cell #C Thank you for taking the time. We hope you know more...
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1 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Thank you for taking the time.Thank you for taking the time.
• We hope you know more about “Extended Code”, “2-Way” and how to use these new features, than you did this morning.
• We wanted to give you all certificates but we’re too cheap.
• If you have any questions, Grab me here or in the ACT booth.
• If you have comments about this class, please let us know.
• Tipping the instructors is encouraged.
Jimbo Billy Bob is
hereby awarded this
certificate showing to
the world that he was
able to sit through this
class without falling
asleep.
Any questions on Any questions on
2-way and Ext’d 2-way and Ext’d
Code before we try Code before we try
to squeeze in some to squeeze in some
complex stuff and complex stuff and
troubleshooting?troubleshooting?
Any questions on Any questions on
2-way and Ext’d 2-way and Ext’d
Code before we try Code before we try
to squeeze in some to squeeze in some
complex stuff and complex stuff and
troubleshooting?troubleshooting?
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2 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
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3 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
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4 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Same is true for Same is true for all repeaters, all repeaters,
amplifiers, etc.amplifiers, etc.
Same is true for Same is true for all repeaters, all repeaters,
amplifiers, etc.amplifiers, etc.
Only a very few Only a very few are exempt.are exempt.
Only a very few Only a very few are exempt.are exempt.
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
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5 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
![Page 6: 1 X-10 Beyond the Basics EH-Expo, S20, Cell #C Thank you for taking the time. We hope you know more about Extended Code, 2-Way and how to use these new.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061305/5513eb375503463a298b5d40/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
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7 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Signal is coupled from one leg...
..right back to the same leg.
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8 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Installing Installing devices "at" devices "at" the Panel.the Panel.
Signal is coupled from one leg...
.. to the
otherother leg.
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9 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Passive coupling gives the signal a
“short cut” between legs.
120/240v Split -Single Phase
AA BB NN
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
CP000 Passive
Coupler
CP000 Passive
Coupler
?
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
Even with passive coupling, 240v receivers are
sometimes unreliable.
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10 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Even with passive coupling, 240v receivers are
sometimes unreliable.
?
CP000 Passive
Coupler
CP000 Passive
Coupler
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
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11 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Even with passive coupling, 240v receivers are
sometimes unreliable.
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12 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Even with passive coupling, 240v receivers are
sometimes unreliable.
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13 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
+ --
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14 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
It’s easy to understand that the volt meter measures the
battery voltage from the
yellowyellow wire to the black wire
+ 1.5v
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15 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
It’s easy to understand that the volt meter measures the
battery voltage from the
yellowyellow wire to the black wire
+ 1.5v
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16 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
It’s easy to understand that the volt meter measures the
battery voltage from the
yellowyellow wire to the black wire
+ 1.5v
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17 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
+ 1.5v
It’s easy to understand that the volt meter measures the
battery voltage from the
yellowyellow wire to the black wire
and to the redred wire.
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18 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
+ 0.0v
It’s also easy to understand that the volt meter
measures zerozero voltage from the
black wire to the redred wire....
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19 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
Will the addition of a CA000 Amplifier help
signal strength??....
120/240v Split -Single Phase
AA BB NN
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
CP000 Insufficient.
CA000Amplifier
CA000Amplifier NOPE !!!NOPE !!!
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20 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Coupler-Repeaters:Coupler-Repeaters: What they do ! What they do !
CRx34CRx34
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21 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
How a Coupler / Repeater “Repeats”.
John Smith, John Smith.Come here, come here.
-------, John Smith.--------, come here.
Okay!
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22 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
How a Coupler / Repeater “Repeats”.
A1
--
A1
A1
A-On
-----
A-On
A-On
Click"On"
Transmitter Receiver
Coupler/Repeater
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23 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
A “Coupler / RepeaterCoupler / Repeater” offers more advantages
for the larger residences,
120/240v Split -Single Phase
AA BB NN
CR230 CouplerRepeater
CR230 CouplerRepeater
And remember, a repeater WITH passive coupling is
not a good idea.
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24 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
A “Coupler / RepeaterCoupler / Repeater” generates signal that
“adds” phase to phase.
+
- -
+
3.0v
Plus the newer units also handle
Dim / BrtDim / Brt commands better.
(But we will talk about that later.)
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25 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
A “Coupler / RepeaterCoupler / Repeater” offers more advantages
for the larger residences,
!...and 240v receivers
work better, too.
120/240v Split -Single Phase
AA BB NN
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
CR230 CouplerRepeater
CR230 CouplerRepeater
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26 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
An example of system to system passive coupling.
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX RXRX
120/240v Target System
AA BB NN
CR230 CouplerRepeater
CR230 CouplerRepeater
RXRX
TXTX
CP020CP020 CP020CP020
120/240v Split-Single Phase
AA BB NN
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27 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
An example of system to system
amplifier coupling.
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX RXRX
RXRX
CP020CP020 CP020CP020
120/240v Target System
AA BB NN
CR230 CouplerRepeater
CR230 CouplerRepeater
TXTX
120/240v Split-Single Phase
AA BB NN
CA000CA000CP010CP010
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28 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
An example of system to system
repeater coupling.
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX RXRX
RXRX
120/240v Target System
AA BB NN
CR234 CouplerRepeater
CR234 CouplerRepeater
TXTX
120/240v Split-Single Phase
AA BB NN
CR234 CouplerRepeater
CR234 CouplerRepeater
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29 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Coupler Coupler RepeatersRepeaters
Switches: #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 Purpose: Prec. Rec Pos Prev Rept Sys Protocol Trans Out Trans Pos RecWindow Setting SCC Rec at 30º Ignore Split ACT Disable 0º Only Sensitive Setting Either Rec at 0º Repeat 3-Ph X-10 Normal 0º & 30º Normal
Switches: #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 Purpose: Prec. Rec Pos Prev Rept Sys Protocol Trans Out Trans Pos RecWindow Setting SCC Rec at 30º Ignore Split ACT Disable 0º Only Sensitive Setting Either Rec at 0º Repeat 3-Ph X-10 Normal 0º & 30º Normal
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30 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
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31 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #CAnother greatly exaggerated view..Another greatly exaggerated view..
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32 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #CAnother greatly exaggerated view..Another greatly exaggerated view..
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33 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Typical 120/240v distribution system.Typical 120/240v distribution system.
Humungo, buncho, mega-voltage from the utility substation.
120v
120v
240v
L1 L2
Neutral
Typical 120/240v 2-panel system.Typical 120/240v 2-panel system.
Single phase 120v loads.
Phase-to-phase 240v loads.
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34 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Humungo, buncho, mega-voltage from the utility substation.
120v
208v
L1 L3
NeutralNeutral
Typical 120/208v 3-Phase System.Typical 120/208v 3-Phase System.
Single phase 120v loads.
Ph-to-Ph 208v load.
L2
3-phase load.
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35 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
3-Phase, 120/208v distribution systems are
quite different from residential systems.
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
120/208v Three Phase
AA BB CC NN
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36 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Very few can operate at all with only natural
coupling and only a few can get by with passive coupling.
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
120/208v Three Phase
AA BB CC NN
Passive Coupler
Passive Coupler
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37 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
If signal must be shared on all 3 legs, there comes a time when there is simply not
enough signal.
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
RXRX
120/208v Three Phase
AA BB CC NN
Passive Coupler
Passive Coupler
Passive Coupler
Passive Coupler
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38 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
It is sometimes difficult to understand why
phase-to-phase receivers fail to operate at all.
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
RXRX
120/208v Three Phase
AA BB CC NN
?
?
?
Passive Coupler
Passive Coupler
Passive Coupler
Passive Coupler
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
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39 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
All Electric Utilities generate electric power in 3 phases.
S N
S NS N
S N
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40 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
3-Phase Vector Relationship
EAN
0o
120o
240o
EBN
ECN
60o
180o
300o
ENC
ENA
ENB
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41 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
3-Phase Vector Relationship
EAN
60o
0o
120o
180o
300o240o
ENC
EBN
ENA
ENB
ECN
30o
EAB
210o
EBA
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42 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
3-Phase Vector Relationship
EAC
ECB 330o
90o
E E E
E E E j
E E j
E E
E E j
E E E E j j
E E E j
E E j
E E j
E
AB NB AN
NB NB NB
AN AN
NB AN
AN NB
AB NB NB NB
AB NB NB
AB NB
AB NB
Cos Sin
Cos( ) Sin( )
60 60
0
0
60 60 0
1
21
3
2
3
2
3
2
1
23 3
AB NB
AB NB NB
E
E E E
E EAB NB
1
23 3
1
212
1
22 3
2 2
3
( )
EAN
60o
30o
0o
120o
180o
300o
210o
240o
EAB
ENC
EBN
ENA
EBA
EBC
ECAENB
ECN
270o
150o
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43 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Transmitters generate pulses only for leg-to-neutral zero crossings.
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44 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
120/208v Three Phase
AA BB CC NN
!
!
!
A “Coupler / RepeaterCoupler / Repeater” is recommended for all but a very few 3-phase systems.Coupler
Repeater
CouplerRepeater
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RX
Ph-Ph RXRXRX
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45 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
RXRX
TXTX
RXRX
RXRX
System to System coupling.
Source120/208v 3-Ph
AA BB CC NN
RXRX
RXRX
RXRX
RXRX
Target120/208v 3-Ph
AA BB CC NN
RXRXRXRX
RXRX
RXRX
RXRXNow,
everything works.
Now, everything
works.
RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater
TXTX
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46 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
H.B.M.V. from utility.
277v
480v
L1L1 L3L3
NeutralNeutral
Typical 277/480v 3-Phase Sys. w/ 120/208v 3-phase on-site service.Typical 277/480v 3-Phase Sys. w/ 120/208v 3-phase on-site service.
L2L2
3-phase 480v load.
Single phase 277v load.
120v load.
120v load.
:Y
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47 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
480v
L1L1 L3L3
L2L2
3-phase 480v load.
120v load.
:Y120v load.
480v loads.
Typical 480v 3-Phase Delta w/ 120/208v 3-phase on-site service.Typical 480v 3-Phase Delta w/ 120/208v 3-phase on-site service.
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48 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Complex Coupling Example #1Old Utility Transformer 120/240v split-single phase
277v Panel
120v Panel
:Y Xfmr
New Utility Transformer 277/480v 3-phase
Split-phase Breaker Panel.
Old building had PCC system installed for many years with old style repeater
New building expansion is proposed and will be much larger than the original building.
Repeater
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49 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Complex Coupling Example #1Old Utility Transformer 120/240v split-single phase
New Utility Transformer 277/480v 3-phase
Split-phase Breaker Panel.
Repeater Repeater Repeater
277v Panel
120v Panel
:Y Xfmr
Switches: #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 Purpose: Prec. Rec Pos Prev Rept Sys Protocol Trans Out Trans Pos RecWindow Setting SCC Rec at 30º Ignore Split ACT Disable 0º Only Sensitive Setting Either Rec at 0º Repeat 3-Ph X-10 Normal 0º & 30º Normal
Switches: #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 Purpose: Prec. Rec Pos Prev Rept Sys Protocol Trans Out Trans Pos RecWindow Setting SCC Rec at 30º Ignore Split ACT Disable 0º Only Sensitive Setting Either Rec at 0º Repeat 3-Ph X-10 Normal 0º & 30º Normal
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50 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Complex Coupling Example #3
Huge building: Each quadrant has a 277/480v transformer for lighting and HVAC, then a 120/208v transformer for outlets, etc.
Xfmr 277v Pnl
Xfmr120v Pnl
Xfmr277v Pnl
Xfmr
120v Pnl Xfmr
277v Pnl
Xfmr
120v Pnl
Xfmr277v Pnl
Xfmr120v Pnl
Office
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51 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Complex Coupling Example #3
Xfmr 277v Pnl
Xfmr120v Pnl
Xfmr277v Pnl
Xfmr
120v Pnl Xfmr
277v Pnl
Xfmr
120v Pnl
Xfmr277v Pnl
Xfmr120v Pnl
OfficeTX
Repeater
Repeater Repeater
RepeaterRepeater
Repeater Repeater
Repeater
Switches: #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 Purpose: Prec. Rec Pos Prev Rept Sys Protocol Trans Out Trans Pos RecWindow Setting SCC Rec at 30º Ignore Split ACT Disable 0º Only Sensitive Setting Either Rec at 0º Repeat 3-Ph X-10 Normal 0º & 30º Normal
Switches: #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 Purpose: Prec. Rec Pos Prev Rept Sys Protocol Trans Out Trans Pos RecWindow Setting SCC Rec at 30º Ignore Split ACT Disable 0º Only Sensitive Setting Either Rec at 0º Repeat 3-Ph X-10 Normal 0º & 30º Normal
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52 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
There is one more electrical distribution system that we have not yet mentioned….
…one that uses a strange transformer...
It goes by many “ccoolloorrffuull” names…..
“Stinger”
Leg Delta.“RED”
Leg
Delta.
““CC rr aa zz y”y” Leg Leg
Delta.Delta.
“Wild” Leg Delta.““Bastard” Leg Delta.Bastard” Leg Delta.
The “Dreaded” High-Leg Delta!
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53 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
The “Dreaded” High-Leg Delta!
H.B.M.V. from utility.
120v
240v
L1L1
L3L3
L2L2
Single phase 120v loads.
1-ph Panel.
L1L1
3-ph Panel.
““CC rr aa zz y”y” Leg Leg
Delta.Delta.
“Stinger”
Leg Delta.
“Wild” Leg Delta.
“RED”
Leg
Delta.
““Bastard” Leg Delta.Bastard” Leg Delta.
NeutralNeutral
If you ever run into a
If you ever run into a
“high-leg”, run!!“high-leg”, run!!If you ever run into a
If you ever run into a
“high-leg”, run!!“high-leg”, run!!
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54 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Troubleshooting !!Troubleshooting !!
• FirstFirst - Be comfortable with the equipment before you go to your customer’s location.
• SecondSecond - Have a good working knowledge of electrical distribution systems, panels, wiring, etc. and work with a licensed electrician (unless you are one).
Checklist:Checklist:
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55 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Troubleshooting !!Troubleshooting !!
• ThirdThird - Have a good working knowledge of X-10 (and related compatible equipment) from personal experience and test bench work.
• LastlyLastly - Remember, your customer is not paying for you to learn on the job. They are paying you because you are supposed to already know how this stuff works.
Checklist:Checklist:
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56 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
PCC Troubleshooting
Flow Chart.
This general PCC troubleshooting chart is intended to be a foundation which the PCC technician can use to help determine and correct PCC system
problems. It is not intended to be a replacement for training and experience. It is assumed that the technician on site is knowledgeable with
standard PCC test equipment and devices.PCC System has failed or is unreliable:
PCC System has failed or is unreliable:
Is the entire PCC system
effected or at least a large section of it effected ?
Is the entire PCC system
effected or at least a large section of it effected ?
Has anything changed
recently, new electronic
equipment, ballasts, VSD’s,
etc?
Has anything changed
recently, new electronic
equipment, ballasts, VSD’s,
etc?
Turn off power to new
equipment. Is rest of PCC system now functioning properly?
Turn off power to new
equipment. Is rest of PCC system now functioning properly?
Test for signal level to all effected locations. Are signal strength
tests okay?
Test for signal level to all effected locations. Are signal strength
tests okay?
Signal level tests can show weak signal or
“errors” in signal. Is signal
just weak?
Signal level tests can show weak signal or
“errors” in signal. Is signal
just weak?
If the ACT test receiver shows an “Error” then the signal is corrupted.
If the ACT test receiver shows an “Error” then the signal is corrupted.
If signal strength is good, then coupling
is okay. Are all transmitters working
properly?
If signal strength is good, then coupling
is okay. Are all transmitters working
properly?
Replace or filter offending equipment so it will no longer pollute the electrical environment.
Replace or filter offending equipment so it will no longer pollute the electrical environment.
If transmitters, signal level and coupling are okay, then
the receivers are faulty. Test & replace them.
If transmitters, signal level and coupling are okay, then
the receivers are faulty. Test & replace them.
Determine location of interference (usually by turning off breakers in sequence). Replace or filter offending equipment so it no longer pollutes the electrical environment. Occasionally an improperly installed or faulty PCC device will cause corrupted signal. Replace device and/or correct installation.
Determine location of interference (usually by turning off breakers in sequence). Replace or filter offending equipment so it no longer pollutes the electrical environment. Occasionally an improperly installed or faulty PCC device will cause corrupted signal. Replace device and/or correct installation.
Transmitters come in a variety of models depending on the job. If the unit is a simple wall mount or desktop transmitter, test and replace as needed. If the transmitter in question is a programmable or computer interface unit, then more sophisticated troubleshooting will need to be done. Check the program and the conditions under which it operates. Correct or replace as needed.
Transmitters come in a variety of models depending on the job. If the unit is a simple wall mount or desktop transmitter, test and replace as needed. If the transmitter in question is a programmable or computer interface unit, then more sophisticated troubleshooting will need to be done. Check the program and the conditions under which it operates. Correct or replace as needed.
If signal strength is weak, then coupling may be inadequate or
existing coupling equipment has failed? Test existing coupling
equipment. Do the tests show the devices to be working?
If signal strength is weak, then coupling may be inadequate or
existing coupling equipment has failed? Test existing coupling
equipment. Do the tests show the devices to be working?
Review current coupling design to determine what needs to be changed. Change coupling to increase signal to acceptable levels.
Review current coupling design to determine what needs to be changed. Change coupling to increase signal to acceptable levels.
Test and replace coupling equipment as needed. Test and replace coupling equipment as needed.
Done.PCC System
should function properly.
Done.PCC System
should function properly.
YESYESNONO
YESYES
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57 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
PCC Troubleshooting
Flow Chart.
This general PCC troubleshooting chart is intended to be a foundation which the PCC technician can use to help determine and correct PCC system
problems. It is not intended to be a replacement for training and experience. It is assumed that the technician on site is knowledgeable with
standard PCC test equipment and devices.
Its bad!!
Its bad!!
Is all or big area effected
?
Is all or big area effected
?
Anything changed?
Anything changed?
Remove it! Does it work?
Remove it! Does it work?
Is Signal level okay?
Is Signal level okay?
Is signal weak?
Is signal weak?
…Or “errors” ?
…Or “errors” ?
Are the transmitters working?
Are the transmitters working?
Replace or filter it.
Replace or filter it.
It must be the receivers, fix
them.
It must be the receivers, fix
them.
Replace, filter or remove offending equipmentReplace, filter or remove offending equipment
Test and then replace, correct or fix as needed.Test and then replace, correct or fix as needed.
Is coupling equipment working?
Is coupling equipment working?
Change coupling design.
Change coupling design.
Replace, fix or correct coupling.
Replace, fix or correct coupling.
Fixed!Fixed!YESYESNONO
YESYES
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58 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #C
Thank you for taking the time.Thank you for taking the time.
• We hope you know more about “Extended Code”, “2-Way” and how to use these new features, than you did this morning.
• We wanted to give you all certificates but we’re too cheap.
• If you have any questions, Grab me here or in the ACT booth.
• If you have comments about this class, please let us know.
• Tipping the instructors is encouraged.
Jimbo Billy Bob is
hereby awarded this
certificate showing to
the world that he was
able to sit through this
class without falling
asleep.