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Working with MS SQL Server

Textbook Chapter 14

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Objectives

You will be able to Use Visual Studio for GUI based interactive

access to a Microsoft SQL Server database. Populate a table with data from an Excel worksheet.

Use sqlcmd for command line interactive access to a Microsoft SQL Server database.

Using either Visual Studio or sqlcmd to: Create and delete tables. Insert new rows into tables. Modify table definitions. Modify existing rows. Retrieve and display table data.

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We all have accounts, with a single database each, on a Microsoft SQL Server on the CoE network: scorpius.eng.usf.edu

Classroom and lab computers can access scorpius directly.

A VPN connection is required for your home computer or wireless laptop to access scorpius. or maybe not for wireless access on campus

CoE Resources

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The Database Server

This is the same machine that we use as a web server.

Different server software. Different user accounts.

Be sure to use the username and password that you have been given for the SQL Server

Same username as for the web server (wpusrxx). Different password.

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Using Visual Studio

Visual Studio includes database access functions.

View "Server Explorer" Set up a Data Connection

Visual Studio 2010 will not work with scorpius. The database server version on scorpius is

too old! We have to use Visual Studio 2008.

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Download Visual Studio 2008

If you don't have Visual Studio 2008 on your computer, you can get a free 90 day trial from Microsoft.

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=3713

Very large download! .iso file

Can't be installed directly. Must use Virtual CD program or burn a real CD See

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/subscriptions/aa948864.aspx

OR https://www.dreamspark.com/

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Adding a Data Connection in Visual Studio 2008

Right click on Data Connections and select Add Connection.

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Adding a Data Connection in Visual Studio 2008

You will see this the first time you add a data connection.

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Adding a Data Connection

Your SQL Server Username

Your SQL Server Password

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Test the Connection

Click here

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Adding a Table

We will add a table to the database. Populate the table with data from an Excel

spreadsheet.

Define the table in Visual Studio. Download the table as a CSV file. Open the spreadsheet in Excel. Copy the spreadsheet data in Excel. Paste the data into the database table in Visual

Studio. Modify the table definition to add a unique ID

column.

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The Addresses Table

We will create a new table to hold the addresses in file Addresses.csv.

http://www.cse.usf.edu/~turnerr/Web_Application_Design/Downloads/

File Addresses.csv

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Adding a Table

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Adding a Table

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Data Types

Common SQL Data Types int nvarchar(n) n = max number chars char(n) n = number chars decimal (p,s) p = total number of digits s = number decimal places datetime

Many more!

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Define the Columns

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Save the Table Definition

Save

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Table "Addresses" is Now Present

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Viewing Table Data

Right click on Addresses and select “Show Table Data”.

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Viewing Table Data

Table is currently empty.

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Populating a Table

Download file Addresses.csv from the Downloads area of the class web site:

http://www.cse.usf.edu/~turnerr/Web_Application_Design/Downloads/Addresses.csv

Double click to open in Excel

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Excel Worksheet

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Populating the Database Table

We will use the contents of this Excel worksheet to populate the Address table in the database.

Click inside the worksheet, then press Ctrl-A to select all.

Press Ctrl-C to copy the entire worksheet to the clipboard.

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Populating the Database Table

Click here to select all of the table.

Press Ctrl-V to paste the clipboard into the table.

(This may take a while to complete.)

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Setting an ID Field

It is good practice to include an ID field for every row of a database table. Unique identifier Normally an Identity column. Value set by server as each row is

added

Not present in the Excel worksheet.

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Open Table Definition

Right click on Addresses and select Open Table Definition.

Add column ID as int.

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Add Column ID

Select row and drag to the top.

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Set Column Properties

Make ID an identity column.

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Set Primary Key

Right click on ID and select Set Primary Key.

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Save

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Show Table Data

End of Section

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The sqlcmd Utility

Command line utility for MS SQL Server databases.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162773.aspx

Previous version called osql

Available on classroom and lab PCs.

In Windows command window Connect to a Database Server Enter SQL commands on the command line. Results output to the console.

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Getting and Installing sqlcmd

Included with Management Studio Express.

Free download from Microsoft http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=8824

In Visual Studio Help, search for sqlcmd. Or just google sqlcmd

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The SQL Language

The following slides demonstrate SQL commands using the sqlcmd program.

Remember SQL is used everywhere we interact with a database server: Command line Database management programs Our own programs

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Using sqlcmd

The Server My Username

Password entered here

Execute commands in buffer

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SQL Command Line Example

View a subset of the columns.

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Retrieve Specific Entries

Find all addresses with zip code 33707

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Wildcard Selection

Find all addresses with last name beginning with S

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Wildcard Selection

All addresses with last name containing an s

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Case Sensitivity

SQL commands and keywords are not case sensitive.

Data is case sensitive Characters are stored as upper case or lower

case.

Sorting order is a mode. Default is not case sensitive Search comparisons same as sorting

order.

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Case Sensitivity

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Sorting the Output

Zip_Code is a string. So sort is lexicographic, not numeric.

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Zip Codes

Zip codes are sorted legicographically, not numerically.

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Counting Rows

How many addresses are there with zip code 33707?

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Updating Records

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Updating Multiple Fields

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Deleting a Record

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SQL Commands in Visual Studio

We can also use Visual Studio to issue arbitrary SQL commands to the server.

On the Data menu select New Query

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SQL Commands in Visual Studio

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SQL Commands in Visual Studio

Click here

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SQL Commands in Visual Studio

Enter SQL command here.

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SQL Commands in Visual Studio

Click here to execute the command.

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SQL Commands in Visual Studio

Results appear below the Query window.

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Learning SQL

Many books available

One that I recommend: Teach Yourself SQL in 24 Hours (Third Edition) Ryan Stephens and Ron Plew, SAMS, 2003

Lots of information on the web A sampling:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL http://www.asp.net/web-forms/videos/sql-2005 http://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp http://db.grussell.org/ch3.html