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Wind TurbinesWind Turbines

Supervisor: Prof. Göran Wall

By Yulu Mao

23 October 2006

Best regards to Prof. Wall and our group-mates.

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Contents

• 1. 1. IntroductionIntroduction

• 2. 2. Wind turbine Wind turbine generationgeneration

• 3. 3. GenerationGeneration on grid on grid

• 4. 4. TechnicalTechnical situations and Main wind situations and Main wind turbine turbine manufactoriesmanufactories

• 5. 5. The The componentscomponents of Wind Turbine of Wind Turbine

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1. IntroductionWind turbines tap an inexhaustible resource to generate green electrons. They produce electricity without creating air pollution, water pollution, or hazardous waste. They release no greenhouse gases. These clear environmental advantages are complemented by economic and social benefits.

Wind power can be competitive with conventional electricity supply options in large, multi-turbine arrays and in residential- and community-scale applications. Wind is sometimes referred to as a fuel-saving supply option

Major expansion in regional wind capacity could thus improve air quality and help decrease public health risks in localized areas. It could also reduce the state’s vulnerability to fluctuations in the price of individual fuels.

Clear

Conventional

Safe

It is going to cheaper and cheaper…

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• What is the relationship between Frequency and Voltage in Wind Power Generation ?

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A small wind farmSvenska Hogarna rated power of 21 KW

Resource: <Grid Interaction and Power Quality Wind Turbine Generator Systems>

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Andros’s wind farm rated total power of 15MW

A Bigger Wind farm

Resource: <Grid Interaction and Power Quality Wind Turbine Generator Systems>

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WHAT is the difference ?

Why do the difference come ?

MORE smoothness

Resource: <Grid Interaction and Power Quality Wind Turbine Generator Systems>

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Available wind speed

Each turbine could only use a range of wind speed.

<Aero elastic Simulation of Wind Turbine Dynamics>, by A. Ahlstrom

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Others This Figure indicated :

• 1. Choose a suitable wind turbine for locals is practical and realistic.

• 2. High Speed wind turbine's design can help a lot on wind resources utilization.

• 3. Calculated in the ‘wind resource’, but it hardly transfers to electricity.

Resource: www.nrel.gov

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3. Generation with Wind turbine

• What is the problem of off-grid wind turbine.

Wind Consumption Yes No

Yes

No

Situations between Consumption and Wind power supply

How to solve the problem?

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2

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Connect smart wind turbine to network to supply a gap.

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in grid wind turbines

– Superior:• Abundant wind resource

• hence financial return on the sale of electricity

– Internal:• inter-connections of grid

• the material of wind turbine

• the location of install each turbine

• …….

WHAT is the developing factors in grid wind turbine?

Resource: www.power-technology.com/

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Some beautiful type of wind turbines

Resource: http://www.windside.com Resource: http://www.selsam.com/

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The Main Wind Turbine Manufactories of World

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Manufactories of Wind Turbine[1] Wind Turbine ServinceResearch about Windturbin

e

ABB Ltd. Airtricity Ecotècnia sccl - Enercon GmbH, Eoltec Gamesa Corporacion Tecnologica Hush Turbine LM Glasfiber A/S PB Power REpower Selsam Innovations / Superturbin

e Inc. Southwest Windpower Suzlon Energy Ltd Vergnet Vestas Wind Prospect Windside WinWinD Oy

Det Norske VeritasCertification of wind turbines and wind

turbine projects. Hansen Transmissions Int.Gear Units for Wind Turbines Natural PowerInternational wind energy consultancy

services Pauwels Trafo Irelandrecently celebrated the unveiling of the

200,000th transformer Valmont Wind Energy, Inc. the Valmont wind turbine is 4 times

durable than non-galvanized tower.

EMD A/SWindPRO software package

for project design and planning of turbines

Garrad Hassan and Partners Ltd.

[1] Generally, most of manufactories not only product the turbine, but also do researches on the components.

02000

4000

6000

8000

1000012000

ABB [9

]

Airt

ricity

[10]

Ecot

ecni

a Scc

l [11

]

ENER

CO

N G

mbH

[12]

eolte

c [1

3]

Gam

esa

Eolic

a [1

4]

PB P

ower

[15]

Suz

lon

Ener

gy L

td [1

6]

Sou

thw

estW

indp

ower

[17]ve

rgne

t [18

]

Ves

tas

[19]

Win

d Pr

ospe

ct [2

0]

Wind Turbine SizesResource from website of each company

min Capacity(KW)

max Capacity(KW)

Generators Productors

ABB 250 5250

Airtricity 200 660

Ecotecnia Sccl 0.10 75

ENERCON GmbH 900 900

eoltec 006 250

Gamesa Eolica 850 2000

PB Power 200 750

Suzlon Energy Ltd 350 2000

SouthwestWindpower 250 500

vergnet 250 5000

Vestas 850 4500

Wind Prospect 225 2000

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5. The components of Wind Turbine

Resource : http://www.nrel.gov/

1. Blade2. Brake3. Others

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(1).BladesNumber of

BladesAdvantages Shortage

One One blade wind turbine have a best cost of construction and potential reductions in maintenance costs.

May need a counterbalance and therefore it is not lighter than 2 blades one.

Two Get more 6% [1]efficiency compared with one blade wind turbine.

Three Get more 2-3% efficiency compared with two blades wind turbine.Have a aesthetic.

More cost of potential reductions in fabrication and maintenance costs.

[1] All efficiency be got on the tip blade speed at 60-70m/s.

The advantages and shortages with different number of blades

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Blade element momentum theory (BEM)

BEM theory has been shown to give good accuracy with respect to time cost

The local forces on the bladeThe local forces on the blade.

The theory has been The theory has been found to be very useful found to be very useful for comparative studies for comparative studies in wind turbine in wind turbine developing.developing.It is still the best tool It is still the best tool available for getting available for getting good, first order good, first order predictions of predictions of thrust, thrust, torque and efficiencytorque and efficiency for for turbine blades over a turbine blades over a large range of operating large range of operating conditions.conditions.

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New research on blade

Resource: www.fel.mach.mie-u.ac.jp Resource: www.fel.mach.mie-u.ac.jp

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(2). Breaking System

•The advantage of A-Brake:•Less stress be placed on the work components•Use to limit speed of rotation•No damage on the components

Aerodynamic Brake

Resource: http://www.windpower.org/

•The principle of A-Brake:•Rotate the tip of blade/whole blade for more friction from wind to reduce the speed of rotation.

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Mechanical Brake

•Use for :•Complete stop the rotation•Use for fixing on gear failure

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References

• Textbooks:

• Aerolastic Simulation of Wind Turbine Dynamics, Ahlström Anders

Web sites:

http://www.wnel.gov

http://www.google.com

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• Thank you for listening…