1. What were the causes, both in the Americas and Globally of the French and Indian War?

53: 5 Info, 22 Qz, 4 Causes, 20 Instruct

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Unit IX: Rise of a Nation: The roots of the United States are found in Colonial

America. Local and global conflicts created a culture that led to the rise of a new nation.

1. What were the causes, both in the Americas and Globally of the French and Indian War? 2. Who was involved in the French and Indian War and what was their role?3. What were the key battles of the French and Indian War where were they fought and what

was accomplished?4. What were the consequences and outcomes of the French and Indian War?5. What Conflict in the Colonies following the F & I War lead to the Revolutionary War? 6. What were both the Colonial and British grievances, concerns, objections and

complaints? How did the Declaration of Independence rise from these concerns?7. What was the role of various political groups, including the 1st & 2nd Continental Congress,

play in the Revolutionary movement?


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Rise of A Nation: The roots of the United States of America

Conflict prior to the Revolutionary War


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Rise of a Nation:What Conflict in the Colonies lead to the Revolutionary War?

What were both the Colonial and British grievances, concerns, objections and complaints?

Watch from beginning to “this is the logic of robbers and highway men” 30:26


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Unit X: Rise of a Nation: The roots of the United States are found in Colonial

America. Local and global conflicts created a culture that led to the rise of a new nation.

5. What Conflict in the Colonies following the French & Indian War lead to the Revolutionary War?

6. What were both the Colonial and British grievances, concerns, objections and complaints? How did the Declaration of Independence rise from these concerns?

7. What was the role of various political groups played in the Revolutionary movement? What was the role the 1st and 2nd Continental Congress played in the Revolutionary movement?


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The Candy Tax

• Three students have been selected as parliament- they are now seated at the front of the class.

• Every student should have three pieces of candy

• Parliament has picked two “taxes,” and no student has the right to say anything about being taxed.

• The price is one piece of candy per tax.


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Cause, Course & Consequences of the Revolutionary War

British Action

Intention Reality Colonial Reaction

British

Reaction

Writs of Assistance 1760

Sugar Act 1764

Stamp Act 1765

Townshend Act 1767

Tea Act 1773

Intolerable Acts

1774 Bost. Port Auth

Mass. Gov. Act

Admin of Just.

Quartering Act

Quebec Act


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Actions & Reactions/ Collect Revenue: Writs of Assistance, 1760

• Goal:– Collect revenue by enforcing

Navigation Acts• Gave writ holder (generally

customs officers) the right to search:– Any person – Any place– Any thing during daylight hours for

smuggled goods. • Customs officers were not

responsible for any damage they caused.– Able to keep 1/5 of all smuggled

goods.• Resulted in 4th amendment (1787)


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Actions/ Collect Revenue: Sugar Act: 1764

• Sugar Act: An extension of English Mercantilism.– Imposed a tax on molasses.

• Goal:– Collect tax (pay debt)– Make English products cheaper

than those from the French West Indies.

• Tax was later reduced but was more strictly enforced and expanded its scope to include wine, and other goods.


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Actions/ Collect Revenue: Stamp Act: 1765

• A tax on every piece of printed paper they used.

• Goal:Goal:– Collect revenue.Collect revenue.

• Help pay the costs of Help pay the costs of defending and defending and protecting the protecting the American frontier American frontier (Appalachian (Appalachian Mountains)Mountains)

John Hancock

Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed.


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Colonial Reaction

• Americans were angered by these British actions.

• They felt betrayed and disrespected…– as partners in the

victory…– as loyal British subjects.– Their economic interests

in the western territorieswere ignored.

This old illustration depicts Patriots tearing down the statue of King George III that was

standing on Bowling Green in New York City. This took place on July 9, 1776.


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Reactions: Stamp Act Congress, 1765

• Delegates from 9/13 of the American Colonies discussed and acted upon the recently passed Stamp Act.

• Adopted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances – Raised fourteen points of colonial

protest Including:• Only the colonial assemblies had

a right to tax the colonies. (no taxation without representation).

• Trial by jury was a right, and the use of Admiralty Courts was abusive.

• Colonists possessed all the Rights of Englishmen.

• Without voting rights, Parliament could not represent the colonists.

Led Parliament to repeal the tax act; however it angered Parliament and ultimately led to the Declaratory Act

“Parliament has the right to make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever”


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Colonists Reaction: Sons & Daughters of Liberty: 1765

• Secret organizations formed in the American colonies to protest the Stamp Act – Delegates from 7 of the 13 colonies.

• Made up of:– merchants, businessmen, common men and

women, lawyers, journalists, and others who would be most affected by the Stamp Act.

• Leaders included:– John Lamb and Alexander McDougall in New

York– Samuel Adams, James Otis John Hancock in

New England. • Kept in touch with each other through

committees of correspondence. • Supported:

– Non-importation agreement– forced the resignation of stamp distributors– Incited destruction of stamped paper– Violence against British officials.

Sons & Daughters of Liberty supported and helped smugglers, bringing in non-English goods

John Lamb

Alexander McDougal

Samuel Adams

James Otis

Used both male and female spies

http://www.collectorsweekly.com/sewing/buttons


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Actions/ Revenues to pay salaries: Townshend Act: 1767

• Townshend Act: • Goal:

– 1) raise revenue – 2) tighten customs enforcement – 3) assert imperial authority in America.

• Raised import duties:– glass, lead, paint, paper, & tea

• Money raised was to provide Money raised was to provide salaries for some colonial officials salaries for some colonial officials – So provincial assemblies could not So provincial assemblies could not

coerce them by withholding wages.coerce them by withholding wages.


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Actions & Reactions: Committee of Correspondence

• Organized by the local governments of the American colonies.

• Goal: – Coordinate written

communication between & outside of the colony.

– Share the Colonial version of the events happening between the British and the Colonists.


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Actions & Reactions: Boston Massacre, 1770

• The killing of five civilians by British troops on March 5, 1770, in response to a riot against the declaratory act. The killings and their legal aftermath, helped spark the American Revolutionary War


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Actions Raise Revenue: Tea Act: 1773

• Gave a monopoly on tea sales to the East India Company.

British East India London Headquarters


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Actions & Reactions: Boston Tea Party: 1773

• December 16, 1773, American patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians boarded the vessels of the East Indian Company docked in the Boston harbor and dumped all the tea that was on the three ships into the ocean. They emptied 342 chests of tea which was valued at more than 10,000 pounds.


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Actions & Reactions: The Intolerable Acts

• The Boston Port Act. 1774 closed the port of Boston until the East India Company had been repaid and the king was satisfied that order had been restored. Colonists objected that the Port Act punished all of Boston rather than just the individuals who had destroyed the tea.

• The Massachusetts Government Act brought the government of Massachusetts under control of the British government. All positions in the colonial government were to be appointed by the governor or the king. It limited the activities of town meetings in Massachusetts.

• The Administration of Justice Act allowed the governor to move trials of accused royal officials to another colony or to Great Britain Some colonists believed the act was unnecessary because British soldiers had been given a fair trial following the Boston Massacre in 1770.

Bostonians in Distress 1774

The Old State House had been in use since 1713

"The Part I took in Defence of Cptn. Preston and the Soldiers, procured me Anxiety, and Obloquy enough. It was, however, one of the most gallant, generous, manly and disinterested Actions of my whole Life, and one of the best Pieces of Service I ever rendered my Country. Judgment of Death against those Soldiers would have been as foul a Stain upon this Country as the Executions of the Quakers or Witches, anciently. As the Evidence was, the Verdict of the Jury was exactly right." --John Adams


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Actions & Reactions: The Intolerable Acts

• The Quartering Act applied to all of the colonies.– Method of housing a standing British

army in America. – Allowed governor to house soldiers in

other buildings if colonial legislatures did no provide suitable quarters.

• If necessary private homes

• The Quebec Act:– Enlarged the boundaries of the Province

of Quebec.– Instituted religious reforms generally

favorable to the French Catholics.– Colonists feared the establishment of

Catholicism in Quebec, they felt French Canadians were being courted to help oppress British Americans.


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Reactions: 1st Continental Congress, Philadelphia 1774

• Met to protest the Intolerable Acts. • Representatives attended from all the colonies except

Georgia. • The leaders included Samuel Adams and John Adams of

Massachusetts and George Washington and Patrick Henry of Virginia.

• The Congress voted to cut off colonial trade with Great Britain unless Parliament abolished the Intolerable Acts.

• It approved resolutions advising the colonies to begin training their citizens for war.

• Attempted to define America's rights, place limits on Parliament's power, and agree on tactics for resisting the aggressive acts of the English Government.

• They set up the Continental Association to enforce an embargo against England.


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Cause, Course & Consequences of the Revolutionary War

British Action

Intention Reality Colonial Reaction

British

Reaction

Writs of Assistance 1760

Sugar Act 1764

Stamp Act 1765

Townshend Act 1767

Tea Act 1773

Intolerable Acts

1774 Bost. Port Auth

Mass. Gov. Act

Admin of Just.

Quartering Act

Quebec Act


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Summary: Rise of A Nation

Main Idea Details or Examples

There were multiple causes of the French and Indian War.

(What were they?)

1.23.4.

There were many “Stake holder” or parties involved in the French and Indian War.

(Who was involved? What did they do, and Why? When did they do it, and where did they do it?)

1.2.3.4..

There were many key battles of the French and Indian War they were fought throughout North America.

(What were they? Where were they? What was the outcome?)

1.2.3.4.

There were many consequences and outcomes of the French and Indian War.

(What were they? Explain)

1.2.3.4.

1. What were the causes, both in the Americas and Globally of the French and Indian War?

Documents

Transcript of 1. What were the causes, both in the Americas and Globally of the French and Indian War?