WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY? EMPHASIS ON CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY Cultural Anthropology, Lecture 1 Dr. Martin.
1. What is Anthropology
Transcript of 1. What is Anthropology
![Page 1: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 1/14
What is Anthropology?
![Page 2: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 2/14
Anthropology – Four Subfields
![Page 3: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 3/14
Cultural Anthropology
Cultural anthropologists:Explore cultural diversity among
all living societies, including ourown.
Study how humans organizethemselves to carry out collectivetasks, and
Examine how materiallife — clothing, housing,
tools — varies across
human societies
![Page 4: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 4/14
Cultural Anthropology
Uses ethnography and ethnology tostudy human societies to explain
cultural similarities and differences.
Ethnography:An account of a specific local
society’s customs, practices, and
beliefs
Fieldwork typically
involves an extended
stay with a local
community
![Page 5: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 5/14
Cultural Anthropology
Uses ethnography and ethnology tostudy human societies to explain
cultural similarities and differences.
Ethnology:
Comparative and often cross-
cultural study of two or more local
societies
Creates theories toincrease our
understanding of how
cultures and societies
work
![Page 6: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 6/14
Linguistic Anthropology
Language is a system of arbitrary
symbols that enable
communication and the
transmission of cultural knowledge.
Lingustic anthropology
studies language in its
cultural contexts to examinediversity among societies.
Includes sociolinguists and
historical linguists.
![Page 7: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 7/14
Linguistic Anthropology
Sociolinguists:Study how variation in language
use relates to differences in gender,
race, class, or ethnicity.
Historical linguists:
Reconstruct the historical
development of languages
and study language variation
through time
![Page 8: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 8/14
Archaeology
Archaeologists study culturesthrough their material
remains.
Material remains allow past
cultural activities to be
described, reconstructed,
and interpreted.
![Page 9: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 9/14
Archaeology
Archaeology provides a tremendoustime depth unavailable to
ethnographers.
Prehistoric archaeologists examine
remains from people without
writing, including artifacts millions
of years old.
Archaeologists also studypeople objects from societies
who have a written record, such
as items from ancient Egypt or
21st-century garbage dumps.
![Page 10: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 10/14
Biological Anthropology
Examines human biological
variation across time and
space.
Considers how the
interplay between
culture and human
biology has changed as
we evolved to become
modern humans.
![Page 11: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 11/14
Biological Anthropology
Focuses on biological variation and diversity among
modern humans and non-human primates, and their
extinct ancestors.
Biological anthropology includes:
Biological anthropologists
Primatologists
Paleoanthropologists
![Page 12: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 12/14
Biological Anthropology
Primatologists:
Study the biology, behavior,
and social life of non-human
primates, our closest living
relatives
Paleoanthropologists:
Examine human and non-human
primate evolution, particularly as
revealed by fossilized remains
![Page 13: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 13/14
Anthropological Perspective
Holistic – Integrates all that is known about humansand their activities.
Comparative – Examines similarities and differences
between human societies.
![Page 14: 1. What is Anthropology](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021318/577cd10a1a28ab9e78937928/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
8/13/2019 1. What is Anthropology
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-what-is-anthropology 14/14
Anthropological Perspective
Field-basedAnthropologists collect data from
direct contact with people, sites, or
animals.
Evolutionary
Anthropologists examine
biological and cultural
change in humans over time.