1. What do you know about your assigned spice? 2. What spices do you have at your house? (that you...
-
Upload
sharon-hart -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of 1. What do you know about your assigned spice? 2. What spices do you have at your house? (that you...
WARM-UP: TUESDAY
1. What do you know about your assigned spice?
2. What spices do you have at your house? (that you know of)
3. What spices do you use on a regular basis?
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
Essential questions: Why did Europeans begin to explore the world?What were the effects of European exploration?
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
Period from early 15th to early 17th century.
Time of European expansion to the rest of the world
European ships traveled around the world in search of new trade routes, gold, silver, spices, furs, and fertile land or settlements.
Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them.
MOTIVES: WHY DID THEY WANT TO EXPLORE?
Desire for wealth Wanted to expand trade, especially for the
spices of the east Wanted to find precious metals
Religion Wanted to spread religious ideals and
convert others Glory
Look at us! WEEEEEE’RRRREEEEE GREAT!
WHAT WAS NEEDED TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE?
Cartography – map-making
Compass – showed ship’s direction
Astrolabe – showed ship’s latitude by observing the positions of the stars
Ships – caravel could maneuver better and hold more cargo
PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE
The Portuguese sailed to the coastal areas of Africa, where they first reached the west coast
What natural resources does this region have?
This became a source of gold for the Portuguese and became known as the “Gold Coast”
PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE
Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sent several expeditions down the west
coast of Africa to: establish trade routes Destroy Muslim shipping Gain control of the spice trade
PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE
1487 - Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, which is the southern tip of Africa.
PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE 1497 – Vasco da Gama discovered a
route to India, opening the way for Portuguese trade routes to the East Indies
PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE
The Portuguese later established trading ports for spice trade in Southeast Asian islands making tremendous profits.
Portuguese trading empire was a series of trading posts on coastal areas.
They did not colonize African or Asian regions.
VOYAGES TO THE AMERICAS
1492 – Italian born Christopher Columbus convinced Queen Isabella of Spain to finance an expedition to find a western route to Asia.
VOYAGES TO THE AMERICAS Did Europeans know the Earth was round?
Yes! Did they know the circumference of the
Earth? Yes, Eratosthenes figured this out, but Columbus
believed the Earth was smaller. Where did Columbus think he was?
Asia – he believed this to his dying day He thought he was in the West Indies (islands
in Asia), therefore the people became known as “Indios” – the Spanish word for “inhabitants of the Indies”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fZnWlt-X-0
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS
Spain: “What if Portugal tries to claim our newly discovered lands?”
Portugal: “What if Spain tries to claim our newly discovered lands?”
Pope Alexander VI: “Let’s make it fair – we will draw a line to divide up the territory”
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS
Spain would have possession of any unclaimed territories to the west of the line; Portugal would have possession of any unclaimed territory to the east of the line.
That’s why people speak Portuguese in Brazil!
SPANISH EMPIRE Spanish conquistadors
(conquerors) Hernan Cortez: Defeated
Aztec Empire Fransisco Pizarro:
Defeated Inca Empire Within 30 years after
Spanish arrival, the western part of Latin America had been brought under their control
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKeB82retLs
SPANISH EMPIRE Queen Isabella granted the Spanish
encomienda – the right to use native Americans as laborers.
Most natives were forced to work on plantations or work in gold and silver mines.
Many natives died due to: Disease Forced labor starvation
HOW DID GEOGRAPHY PLAY A ROLE?
Spain and Portugal: On the Iberian Peninsula England: On an island France and The Netherlands (Dutch): regions
on the coast
They all had access to the oceans!
WHAT WERE THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF EXPLORATION?
Columbian Exchange – exchange of plants and animals between the Old World and New World
ECONOMIC IMPACTS A new economic system emerges
called: Mercantilism – idea that the
prosperity of a nation depended on: a large supply of gold and silver exporting in large quantity while importing
in small
ECONOMIC IMPACTS Balance of trade – difference
between what a country imports and exports
A favorable balance of trade would be when the goods exported are greater than those imported.Wealth that has
been accumulated
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Colonies were an important part of this economic system.
Colony = settlement of people living in a new territory, which is linked to the parent country through trade and direct government control
Important for: Sources of raw materials Markets for finished goods
WARM-UP: THURSDAY1. WRITE 1 THING YOU LOVE FROM THE OLD AND NEW WORLD. 2. WRITE 1 THING YOU HATE FROM THE OLD AND NEW WORLD.3. WHAT DOES THIS LIST REPRESENT?
OLD WORLD
Rice Wheat Sugarcane Coffee Bananas Olives Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep
NEW WORLD
Turkeys Corn (Maize) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of
Chocolate) Avocados
AFRICA IN THE AGE OF TRANSITION
Essential Question: How did the slave trade affect Africa, Europe, and the Americas?
THE SLAVE TRADE 15th century – slaves were used in
Southwest Asia (Middle East) mostly as domestic servants
Demand for slaves rose dramatically with the European voyages to the Americas and the planting of sugar cane there
THE SLAVE TRADE Plantations = large agricultural
estates = were set up on the eastern coast of Brazil and on islands in the Caribbean to grow sugar cane
Growing cane is labor intensive – so slaves from Africa were imported to meet the need
The first boatload of African slaves were brought on a Spanish ship in 1518.
THE SLAVE TRADE Trade grew tremendously in the next
two centuries Triangular trade = connected Europe,
Africa, and the Americas
THE SLAVE TRADE
Why were so many slaves sent to the Americas?
High death rate Many died on the Middle Passage,
which was the journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5qZ1MpevrI
EFFECTS OF THE SLAVE TRADE Before Europeans entered the scene,
most slaves in Africa were war captives
After Europeans enter the scene, more people were taken captive through village raids
What were the effects on African societies?
Depopulation of some areas Deprived communities of their
youngest and strongest men and women
Led to increased warfare
REVIEW: THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
Period from the early 15th century to the early 17th century.
European ships traveled around the world in search of new trade routes, gold, silver, spices, furs, and fertile land or settlements.
Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them.