2440: 141 Web Site Administration Web Server Basics and Administration Instructor: Enoch E. Damson.
1 Web Server Administration The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration.
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Transcript of 1 Web Server Administration The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration.
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Web Server Administration
The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration
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Overview
Review the Internet and the World Wide Web Learn about server administration Learn about Web server administration Explore the common tasks and services
performed by administrators Examine networking building blocks Compare Web server platforms
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Overview
Server Administrator
Protection Access ServicesProvide Services
Setup Environment
Web Server
Mail Server
DNS(Server
Environment)FTP
Development Environment
DBMS
User Support
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Understanding Server Administration Server administrators
Focus on the LAN Provide access to software and services Make sure environment is reliable and
consistent Protection of system and database
Minimize harm that users can do to network Access control
Focuses on the LAN and interacts with users
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Working with Users
A LAN can server hundreds or even thousands of users
Users need to be productive Reliable environment and equipments
Users like consistency Roaming profiles allow users to have the
same personalized desktop environment on multiple computers
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Establishing Access Control
Users need just enough access to do their jobs, but not more Protecting information
Typically, users are organized into groups, and groups are given access to network resources User groups as students or faculty
Users can be given different access to the same resources A document can be read by everyone but modified by
only specific people
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Understanding the Server Environment Networks may have one or more servers With Windows OS computers, servers, and users’
computers can be organized into domains in order to centralize the control
In Windows server 2000 and Windows server 2003, domains can be grouped into forests
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Understanding Web server Administration
Web server administrators focus on the Internet Need to work with ISPs and Web page developers
(Internet Service Provider) Typically, a Web server provides information to
anyone who requests it over the Internet Web servers can contain other applications
FTP and e-mail
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Understanding Web server Administration Depending on the size of the organization,
some tasks may be delegated Web page development Database design Programming E-mail administration Security
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Selecting Programs and Databases
Web server administrators need to install programming languages
Web developers use a variety of languages developed by Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP)
Original language from Microsoft ASP.Net
A newer environment that includes many languages
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Selecting Programs and Databases
Non-Microsoft languages are popular, even on Microsoft Web servers Perl – one of the first and still popular
Text-based PHP – easy to use
Personal Home Page Java Server Pages (JSP)
Uses Java – Dynamic web page design Macromedia ColdFusion
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Selecting Programs and Databases A database management system (DBMS) is used to store data
used with Web pages Database software is critical to
the central concept of a database (collection of records) categorized according to the data model that they support:
relational, object-relational, network, and so on How to query and access the database
Popular software DBMS packages Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are
sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites Standard Query Language (SQL) is the language used to
communicate with the DBMS
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Managing E-mail Servers
E-mail is an application provided by the email server Open by design to accept e-mail from anyone Spam can be a problem to manage
Specific utilities can be used to help minimize spam Viruses are commonly sent by e-mail
Use virus detection software and keep it updated
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Other Applications
Firewall Helps protect your Web server environment from
attack FTP
File Transfer Protocol A service that allows users to download files from and
upload files to a server DNS
Domain Name Service Translates host names such as www.technowidgets.com to an IP address
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Administrators' Common Tasks and Services Installing and configuring systems Maintaining security Monitoring the system Maintenance and backup
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Web Servers and Networks
Web servers are accessed through the Internet Internet is a giant Network We use OSI and TCP/IP modes to understand network
communication The basic idea is to divide different tasks performed at the
network level OSI: Open Source Interconnection TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
What is a Protocol? Set of communication rules
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Network Building Blocks-The OSI Model
Layer Name Description
7 Application Responsible for low-level application access to the network.
6 Presentation Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the Application layer.
5 Session Can open, maintain, and shut down communication.
4 Transport Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another. (TCP and UDP)
3 Network Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP and ICMP)
2 Data Link Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down through the upper layers and the physical layer.
1 Physical Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium.
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TCP/IP Model
LayerName
CommonComponents
OSI Reference
Application HTTP, SMTP, POP3FTP, DNS
ApplicationPresentationSession
Transport TCP, UDP Transport
Network IP, ICMP Network
Physical Ethernet, FDDI Data LinkPhysical
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TCP/IP Application Protocols
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Web servers implement this protocol Web servers use HTTP to communicate
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Used by e-mail servers (and sometimes Web
servers) to send e-mail Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
Used to retrieve e-mail
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TCP/IP Protocols
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Transfers files to and from server
Domain Name Service (DNS) Translates host names to IP addresses and IP
addresses to host names Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Creates a reliable connection between two computers
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TCP/IP Protocols
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Does not establish a connection, just sends messages No retransmission, hence, faster
Internet Protocol (IP) Provides addressing scheme
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Provides error messages