1

Waveguides

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Figure 12.1 Typical waveguides.

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Figure 12.2 A rectangular waveguide with perfectly conducting walls, filled with a lossless material.

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Figure 12.3 Components of EM fields in a rectangular waveguide: (a) TE mode Ez 0, (b) TM mode, Hz 0.

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Figure 12.4 Field configuration for TM21 mode.

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Figure 12.5 Field configuration for TE32 mode.

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Figure 12.6 Variation of wave impedance with frequency for TE and TM modes.

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Figure 12.7 Variation of the field components with x for TE10 mode.

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Figure 12.8 Field lines for TE10 mode, corresponding to components (a), (b), and (c) in Figure 12.7.

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Figure 12.9 Cutoff frequencies of rectangular waveguide with a 2.5b; for Example 12.1.

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Figure 12.10 (a) Decomposition of TE10 made into two plane waves. (b) Relationship between u, up, and ug.

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Figure 12.11 Surface current on guide walls for TE10 mode.

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Figure 12.12 Excitation of modes in a rectangular waveguide: (a) TE10 mode, (b) TM11 mode.

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Figure 12.13 Field lines for TM11 mode; for Example 12.7.

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Figure 12.14 Field lines for TE11 mode; for Practice Exercise 12.7.

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Figure 12.15 Rectangular cavity.

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Figure 12.16 Optical fiber.

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Figure 12.17 (a) multimode, (b) multimode graded index, (c) single mode. Optical fiber transmission modes. (From W. Stallings, Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, 4th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1993, p. 85.)

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Figure 12.18 A typical fiber-optic system.

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Figure 12.19 Numerical aperture and acceptance angle.

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Figure 12.20 For Problem 12.18.