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Transcript of 1 Users of reanalyses data for environmental assessments - EEA perspective Markus Erhard European...
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Users of reanalyses Users of reanalyses data for environmental data for environmental
assessments - EEA assessments - EEA perspectiveperspective
Markus ErhardEuropean Environment Agency (EEA)
Copenhagen, Denmark
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The EThe EEA MandateEA Mandate
“The EEA aims to support sustainable development and to help achieve significant and measurable improvement in Europe's environment through the provision of timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information to policy making agents and the public.”
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EEA Geographical CoverageEEA Geographical Coverage
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EEAEEA main tasks main tasks
• Networking - Development of a European Environmental Information and Observation Network (EIONET)
• Reporting on the state and trends of Europe’s environment
• Providing access to environmental information
32 Member Countries32 Member Countries~300 National agencies~300 National agencies~900 Experts~900 Experts
www.eionet.europa.eu www.eionet.europa.eu
http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/
www.eionet.europa.eu/reportnet.html www.eionet.europa.eu/reportnet.html
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EEAEEA functions functions
•EEA as user of environmental data input for assessments and reporting
•EEA/EIONET as provider of environmental data
reporting obligations (e.g. emissions, air quality, biodiversity) and volunteering actions (e.g. land-cover, ozone-web)
•EEA as facilitator e.g. (discuss user requirements with ACRE)
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Ecosystem Services (examples)Ecosystem Services (examples)
Courtesy Metzger & Schröter
•Runoff quantity •Runoff seasonality•Water quality
Water supply (drinking, irrigation, hydropower)Drought & flood pre-vention
Water
•Species richness and turnover (plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibian)
•Shifts in suitable habitats•Phenology
BeautyLife support processes(e.g. pollination)human health
Biodiversity
•Snow (elevation of snow line)•Glacier mass balance
Tourism (e.g. winter sports) Recreation‘Water tower’
Mountains
•Carbon storage in vegetation•Carbon storage in soil
Climate protectionCarbon storage
•Tree productivity: growing stock & increment
Wood production Forestry
•Agricultural land area (Farmer livelihood)
•Suitability of crops•Biomass energy yield
Food & fibre production Bioenergy production
Agriculture
IndicatorsServicesSectors
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Emissionsdata
Emissionsdata
UserUser
EEAinformation
services
EEAinformation
services
EIONETEIONET
Data fromother
Directives
Data fromother
Directives
BasicReference
data
BasicReference
data
Internat.Conventions
Internat.Conventions
NationalData
centres
NationalData
centres
Internet(Inspire)
Internet(Inspire)
Sub-nationalData
centres
Sub-nationalData
centres
GMESGMES
Example WISEExample WISEWater Information System for EuropeWater Information System for Europe
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SEIS conceptSEIS concept
SEIS is a collaborative initiative of European and National bodies to establish an integrated and sustained information system for sharing environmental data.
A system where the public authorities are the providers but also the main end-users and beneficiaries
A contribution to the Commission’s commitment to better regulation and simplification (Go4, 2007)
From individual data bases towards Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS)
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EEA Priorities and ToolsEEA Priorities and Tools
Clim
ate
C
han
ge
Air
Lan
d u
se
Natu
re a
nd
Bio
div
ers
ity W
ate
r
EIONET system connections
Reportnet data flow tools
Spatial data infrastructure
Services and analytical tools
SEIS elements
data
centr
es
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The shifting baseline – temp (time)The shifting baseline – temp (time)
European Annual Temperature 1910-2000 (10 year running means)
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
1910 1925 1940 1955 1970 1985 2000
year
tem
per
atu
re (
°C)
Source CRU 2002
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The shifting baselineThe shifting baseline precipitation (time & space) precipitation (time & space)
Source CRU 2002
Annual Precipitation 1910-2000 (10 year running means)
500
600
700
800
900
1910 1940 1970 2000
year
pre
cip
itat
ion
su
m (
mm
)
boreal
temperate
mediterranean
mean
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Availability of Climate and Availability of Climate and Weather DataWeather Data
Type of data
Temporal resolution
Spatial resolution
Trend analysis
Extreme events
Station data daily irregular local trends over time
local trends; temporal resolution often too low
Interpolated climate
monthly relatively high average smoothed trends
not feasible
Weather data
3 - 6 hours very low not feasible for environ-mental assessments
feasible for large areas, but no local events
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The ‘Meteo Data Gap‘ for Environmental The ‘Meteo Data Gap‘ for Environmental AssessmentsAssessments
Tem
pora
l re
solu
tion
Spatial resolution0km 50km 100km 150km
hou
rs
days
m
onth
s
climate data
station data
reanalyses
data
environmental
impact
assessments
Gap in meteorological
data extreme events
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Scaling up and downScaling up and down
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Scaling issues (I)Scaling issues (I)
• Long term meteorological data (several decades): - station data irregular
- climate data > 25km x 25km- weather data > 50km x 50km
• Average size of watersheds/catchments (CCM2 scale 1:250.000)~ 5 km2 (complex terrain) 40-50% EU27 Territory ~100 km2 (flat terrain) (ca. 2.5km x 2.5km to 10km x 10km) (European catchment database CCM2)
System inherent temporal and spatial dimension of assessments (‘eigentime‘ of systems) Assessments in higher resolution than output Use of variables derived from ‘standard‘ weather data
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Scaling issues (II)Scaling issues (II)
• High resolution data (space and time) and extreme events
- Flood risk: high resolution precipitation - Air quality: high resolution temperatures,
precipitation, humidity, etc.- Human health: heat waves
- Wind energy potential for Europe: high resolution wind data
- Storm and storm surges (marine)
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Scaling issues (III)Scaling issues (III)
• Monthly climatologies - Water accounting 10km x 10km resolution
(temperature precipitation and derived parameters e.g. evapotranspiration)
- Species distribution and migration temperature and precipitation data
- Downscaling climate change scenarios - Marine systems - Carbon accounting, forest growth • Marine – land transition (coastal management)
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Data specification - Key IssuesData specification - Key Issues• Seamless (transboundary and land – marine)
pan-European weather data available for environmental assessments and web based services (data services, reporting obligations, GMES, GEOSS)
• Long-term time series for detecting trends in climate and weather (including extreme events e.g. storms, heat waves)
• Appropriate spatial resolution for regional assessments of climate change impacts (IPCC -WGI) and adaptation strategies
• Precipitation - from trends to quantities• Access to data in an European Shared
Environmental Information System (SEIS)• Towards Near Real Time from environmental
hind-casting (x-2y) towards now-casting (and forecasting)
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... it‘s not only the met data but with ... it‘s not only the met data but with insufficent met data it‘s even worse...insufficent met data it‘s even worse...
Precipitation
Simulated flow
Measured flow
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EEA activitiesEEA activities
• Networking EEA contributes to GEOSS and coordinates GMES in-situ component (user requirements and data policies)
• Access EEA facilitates data access (institutional barriers, data policies)
• Architecture EEA fosters SEIS and contributes to OGC and INSPIRE (architecture)
• Projects EEA facilitates EURRA (high resolution re-analysis for Europe) National expert for project outline (ECMWF-EUMETNET)
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Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attention!!
[email protected]@eea.europa.euhttp://www.eea.europa.euhttp://www.eea.europa.eu