1- Use 2- Formation 3- Time indicators
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Transcript of 1- Use 2- Formation 3- Time indicators
1- Use1- Use
2- Formation2- Formation
3- Time indicators3- Time indicators
There is only 1 form of the There is only 1 form of the present tense in French, present tense in French,
eg eg Je joue au tennisJe joue au tennis
whereas there are three in whereas there are three in English...English...
A.A. The present tense is used to The present tense is used to express a repeated action, a habit express a repeated action, a habit or a general truth.or a general truth.
i.e. What happens regularly.i.e. What happens regularly.
eg: eg: Tous les samedis, je Tous les samedis, je jouejoue au foot. au foot.
(Every Saturday, I play football). (Every Saturday, I play football).
B.B.To express an action taking place at To express an action taking place at the time of speaking or in the the time of speaking or in the immediate future.immediate future.i.e. What is happening right now.i.e. What is happening right now.
eg:eg: JeJe regarde regarde Eastenders Eastenders maintenant.maintenant.
(I am watching Eastenders now).(I am watching Eastenders now).
C.C. To express a contrast, an emphasis To express a contrast, an emphasis or a negative.or a negative.i.e. To emphasise what is i.e. To emphasise what is happening.happening.
eg: eg: Je Je suissuis d’accord. d’accord.I I dodo agree. agree.
Je joue au tennis.Je joue au tennis.I I dodo play tennis. play tennis.
Je Je nene joue joue paspas au tennis. au tennis. I I don’tdon’t play tennis. play tennis.
Also use the present tense in Also use the present tense in French...French...
D.D. To tell a story that happened in the To tell a story that happened in the past, to make it more lively.past, to make it more lively.
E.E. With expressions of time such as With expressions of time such as depuis, ça faitdepuis, ça fait to express to express ‘has/have been doing’.‘has/have been doing’.
F.F. With With sisi to express a hypothesis or to express a hypothesis or condition.condition.
The present tense is used with the The present tense is used with the expressions expressions “depuis”“depuis” and and ““ça fait”ça fait” when the action is still going on.when the action is still going on.
eg: eg: J’J’apprendsapprends le français depuis le français depuis cinq cinq ans.ans.
(I’ve been learning French for (I’ve been learning French for five five years).years).
As 90% of all French verbs are As 90% of all French verbs are regular ER verbs it is regular ER verbs it is essentialessential that you know the verb endings that you know the verb endings off by heart.off by heart.
Regular verbs:Regular verbs:-ER verbs-ER verbs
JOUER (to play)JOUER (to play)Je Je joujoueeTu Tu joujouesesIl, Elle, On Il, Elle, On joujoueeNous Nous joujouonsonsVous Vous joujouezezIls, Elles Ils, Elles joujouentent
Regular VerbsRegular Verbs-IR verbs-IR verbs
FINIRFINIR
Je Je finfinisis
Tu Tu finfinisis
Il, Elle, On Il, Elle, On finfinitit
Nous Nous finfinissonsissons
Vous Vous finfinissezissez
Ils, Elles Ils, Elles finfinissentissent
Regular VerbsRegular Verbs-RE verbs-RE verbs
VENDREVENDRE
Je Je vendvendss
Tu Tu vendvendss
Il, Elle, On Il, Elle, On vendvend
Nous Nous vendvendonsons
Vous Vous vendvendezez
Ils, Elles Ils, Elles vendvendentent
Summary of Regular Verb EndingsSummary of Regular Verb EndingsTo form the present tense take off the To form the present tense take off the last 2 letters of the infinitive (ER, RE or last 2 letters of the infinitive (ER, RE or IR) and add the following endings.IR) and add the following endings.
ERER RERE IRIRII JeJe -e-e -s-s -is-is
YouYou TuTu -es-es -s-s -is-is
He/She/WeHe/She/We Il/Elle/Il/Elle/OnOn
-e-e -- -it-it
WeWe NousNous --onsons
--onsons
--issonisson
ss
You all/You (f)You all/You (f) VousVous -ez-ez -ez-ez -issez-issez
TheyThey Ils/EllesIls/Elles --entent
--entent
--issentissent
Verbs starting with a vowel or Verbs starting with a vowel or “h”:“h”:
When a verb starts with a vowel (When a verb starts with a vowel (AA, , EE, , II, , OO, , UU, , YY) or a silent “) or a silent “hh”, the pronoun “”, the pronoun “JeJe” becomes “ ” becomes “ J’J’ ”. ”.
eg:eg: Je aime Je aime J’J’aime.aime.Je habiteJe habite J’J’habite.habite.
It is the same when a verb is preceded by a It is the same when a verb is preceded by a reflexive pronoun.reflexive pronoun.
eg: s’appeler:eg: s’appeler: Je me appelle Je me appelle Je m’appelle. Je m’appelle. s’habiller:s’habiller: Tu te habilles Tu te habilles Tu Tu
t’habilles.t’habilles. s’endormir:s’endormir: Elle se endort Elle se endort Elle Elle
s’endort.s’endort.
Some regular verbs have spelling Some regular verbs have spelling changes for je, tu, il and ils. changes for je, tu, il and ils.
i.e. before a silent syllable. i.e. before a silent syllable.
It is important that you are at least It is important that you are at least aware of these so that you will aware of these so that you will recognise these verbs.recognise these verbs.
In verbs that end in In verbs that end in -eler-eler or or -eter-eter the final consonant is the final consonant is doubleddoubled up up in all but the nous and vous forms.in all but the nous and vous forms.
jeterjeter: : (to throw)(to throw)Je jeJe jettttee
Tu jeTu jetttteses
Il jeIl jettttee
Nous jeNous jettonsons
Vous jeVous jettezez
Ils jeIls jettttent.ent.
Another common verb Another common verb belonging to this group isbelonging to this group is::appeler appeler (to call)(to call)
Exception to this rule:Exception to this rule:acheteracheter
Verbs withVerbs with –é–é oror –e–e in second in second last syllable in the infinitivelast syllable in the infinitive
Some stems with Some stems with -e-e change tochange to --èè Stems with Stems with –é –é change tochange to --èè
in all forms except the nous and vous in all forms except the nous and vous formsforms– prpréférer:éférer:
Je préfJe préfèèrere
Tu préfTu préfèèresres
Il préfIl préfèèrere
Nous préfNous préfééronsrons
Vous préfVous préféérezrez
Ils préfIls préfèèrent.rent.
acheteracheter::
J’achJ’achèètete
Tu achTu achèètestes
Il achIl achèètete
Nous achNous acheetonstons
Vous achVous acheeteztez
Ils achIls achèètent.tent.
Verbs that end inVerbs that end in –ayer–ayer, , -oyer-oyer, , -uyer-uyer changechange –y–y toto –i–i
nettoyernettoyer: : (to clean)(to clean)Je nettoJe nettoiiee
Tu nettoTu nettoiieses
Il nettoIl nettoiiee
Nous nettoNous nettoyyonsons
Vous nettoVous nettoyyezez
Ils nettoIls nettoiient.ent.
Verbs with spelling changes Verbs with spelling changes in the NOUS formin the NOUS form
Verbs ending in Verbs ending in –cer–cer become become ––ççonsonscommencer:commencer: (to begin)(to begin)
Je commenceJe commence
Tu commencesTu commences
Il commenceIl commence
Nous commenNous commenççonsons
Vous commencezVous commencez
Ils commencent.Ils commencent.
Verbs ending inVerbs ending in ––gerger becomebecome –e–eonsonsmanger:manger: (to eat)(to eat)
Je mangeJe mange
Tu mangesTu manges
Il mangeIl mange
Nous mangNous mangeeonsons
Vous mangezVous mangez
Ils mangentIls mangent
Reflexive verbsReflexive verbs
Many of these verbs are used to talk Many of these verbs are used to talk about your daily routine. They mean about your daily routine. They mean that you do something to yourself that you do something to yourself (eg: to wash oneself, to brush one’s (eg: to wash oneself, to brush one’s teeth, to wake up, to go to bed…). teeth, to wake up, to go to bed…).
You conjugate them in the exact You conjugate them in the exact same way as regular verbs but they same way as regular verbs but they also need a reflexive pronoun in also need a reflexive pronoun in between the subject pronoun and between the subject pronoun and the verb:…the verb:…
Reflexive verbsReflexive verbs
Je Je memeTu Tu teteIl Il seseElle Elle sese On On seseNous Nous nousnousVous Vous vousvousIls Ils seseElles Elles sese
eg: SE LEVER (to get up)eg: SE LEVER (to get up)Je Je meme l lèvèveeTu Tu tete lèv lèvesesIl Il sese lèv lèveeElle Elle sese lèv lèveeOn On sese lèv lèveeNous Nous nousnous lev levonsonsVous Vous vousvous lev levezezIls Ils sese lèv lèvententElles Elles sese lèv lèventent
MaintenantMaintenant NowNow En ce momentEn ce moment At the momentAt the moment Aujourd’huiAujourd’hui TodayToday Ce matinCe matin This morningThis morning Cet aprCet après-midiès-midi This afternoonThis afternoon Ce soirCe soir This eveningThis evening