1 Until 4 th July 2012, for more than 20 years, we keep agitating that a Revolution in the field of...

1 Until 4 th July 2012, for more than 20 years, we keep agitating that a Revolution in the field of particle physics is inevitable. Discovery of Higgs Boson = The July revolution has started This is just a start of an enormous revolutionary era overwhelming the Standard Model = the Ancien Regime. ILC Status and Perspective Future Research Infrastructures: Challenges and Opportunities Varenna, Italy Sachio Komamiya U.Tokyo

2 The Discovery of a Higgs Boson 4 th July 2012 The July Revolution

Elementary Particles in the Standard Model Matter Fermions 1/2 Quarks Leptons u c t e d s b e Anti-Particles Gauge Bosons Electro-Magnetic Int. Photon Weak Interaction W + W - Z 0 Weak Bosons Strong Interaction g species Gluons Origin of Masses 0 H 0 Higgs Boson

Higgs boson is the origin of mass Real nature of mass Higgs boson is the origin of mass Real nature of mass Newtons second low : mass inertial mass : mass inertial mass acceleration acceleration force force Acceleration is produced when a force acts on mass. Heavy objects require more force to accelerate. Mass is inversely proportional to the acceleration Mass is an indicator of immobility/inertia Mass is an indicator of immobility/inertia

x x x xx x x xx x x x x W e t Higgs boson, such an artificial and expedient particle, really exists ! Triumph of intelligence of human beings. After the Big Bang the Universe is expanded and cooled down to TeV energy, the Higgs boson field is condensed in the vacuum. Elementary particles interact with the Higgs boson field condensed in the vacuum and their motion is disturbed. Particles obtain masses. Mass = Immobility/Inertia

We have so many unsolved questions. Physics beyond the Standard Model Why the Higgs boson is condensed in the vacuum ? (We know elementary particles obtain masses by the interaction with the Higgs field.) How the gravitational interaction is unified in the theory ? What is the Dark Matter in the Universe ? What is the Dark Energy ? Why there are quarks and leptons (of 3 generations) ? Why there are 4 different interactions ? How the Universe was created ? Why our Universe has 3 dimensional space plus one dimensional time ? Are there extra-space dimensions ? 5% 27% 68% Observed energy budget of the Universe

e e + - Z H + p p g g t LHC H Invariant mass of H hadrons ILC Recoil mass of Z( + )

Limitation of High Energy Circular e + e - Colliders Reaction is simple, experiment is clean but Electron and positrons loose energy due to synchrotron radiation Energy loss per trun E is given by E E/m /R E particle energy particle mass R radius Like a bankruptcy by loan interest LEP-II (209 GeV) was almost at the limit E, m Recover the energy loss and obtain higher collision energy Use heavier particle (proton mass/electron mass 1800 LHC Larger radius LEP(27 km) large radius 8

Linear Electron Positron Collider is inevitable Straight beam line No synchrotron radiation Linear Collider e+e+ e-e- Electrons are accelerated from one side positon from the other side. Collide the beams at the center Reduce construction cost High acceleration gradient Reduce running cost (electric power) Squeeze the beam size as small as possible at the interaction point round beam is unstable very flat beam Large radius R Ultimate radius R= 9

10 ILC International Linear Collider The next major accelerator project is driven by truly international efforts Superconducting linear accelerator of ~30km length to be constructed underground in Iwate, Japan ILC will address fundamental questions beyond the Standard Model

11 5.1 km 1.1 km Main Linac 2.2 km 1.3 km BDS e+ src IP central region 15.4 km 5.1 km 1.1 km Main Linac bunch comp. 2.2 km 1.3 km BDS e+ src IP central region 15.4 km 125 GeV transport Advantages of linear collider (1) No energy loss due to synchrotron radiation (2) Extendability (length energy ) (3) Beam Polarization

Higgs Boson Higgs Boson ILC is the Higgs Boson Factory O(10 ) such events will be collected and studied. Origin of mass Structure of the vacuum`. fundamental spin zero particle might be related to inflation / dark energy ? e e Z + H e e + b b - ++ -- 6

Supersymmetry explains why the elementary Higgs boson is condensed in the vacuum. Discovery of SUSY particles is expected. Higgs Boson is elementary Higgs Boson is composite A Big Branching is ahead of us Although Higgs was discovered, we do not know the origin of the elementary particle masses. Higgs Boson is a firmly bound state of unknown elementary particles by a new strong interaction which causes vacuum condensation More bound states are expected In the TeV mass region

Fingerprinting Supersymmetry (MSSM) Composite Higgs (MCHM5) Higgs boson: elementary or composite? ILC 250+ 550 LumiUp Able to distinguish models with specific patterns 14

Power of electron polarization at ILC Unpolarized Scalar muon production Background signal beam acop RR ~

Power of electron polarization at ILC Unpolarized Scalar muon production Background signal Polarized (90% e - R ) beam acop RR ~

ILC Detector R&D 17 HCAL ECAL TPC Beam line VTX SIT FTD ETD SET Return Yoke Coil Forward components ~15 m Vertex Detector: pixel detectors & low material budget Time Projection Chamber: high resolution & low material budget, MPGD readout Calorimeters: high granularity sensors, 5x5mm 2 (ECAL) 3x3cm 2 (HCAL) Sensor SizeILCATLASRatio Vertex55 mm 2 40050 mm 2 x800 Tracker16 mm 2 13 mm 2 x2.2 ECAL55 mm 2 (Si)3939 mm 2 x61 Particle Flow Algorithm Charged particles Tracker, Photons ECAL, Neutral Hadrons HCAL Separate calorimeter clusters at particle level use best energy measurement for each particle. offers unprecedented jet energy resolution State-of-the-art detectors can be designed for ILC

18 Very Brief History of the Linear Collider Project 1980s LC Accel. R&D was started at DESY, KEK, SLAC 1991 First Linear Collider International WS (Finland ) 1990s Five major accelerator technologies were under hard competition TESLA, S-band, C-band, X-band, CLIC 1998 World-wide-studies of physics and detector for LCs was formed (grass-roots-organization) 2000-2002 OECD Global Science Forum, Consultative Group of High Energy Physics 2002 ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators) created ILC Steering Committee (ILCSC) 2004 International Technology Recommendation Panel (ITRP) chose super-conducting RF for the main linac technology

ILC Timeline (2005-2012) LHC physics 200520062007200820122009201020112013 TDP-1 TDP-2 Letter of Intent R&D / Design Re- baseline Technical Design Phase (TDP) R&D Ref. Design Baseline Linear Collider Collaboration Physics Case and Research Strategy Detector Design (Research Directorate process) Accelerator Design (Global Design Effort process) TDR 1 st Ecm range Higgs B. Barish (GDE) S. Yamada (RD) 19

ILC in Linear Collider Collaboration ICFA Chair: J. Mnich Program Adv. Committee PAC Chair: N. Holtkamp FALC Chair: J. Womersley Physics & Detectors H. Yamamoto CLIC S. Stapnes Linear Collider Board LCB Chair: S. Komamiya ILC M. Harrison (Deputy) H. Hayano, N. Walker Linear Collider Collab. LCC - Director: L. Evans Deputy (Physics) H. Murayama Regional Directors -B. Foster (EU) -H. Weerts (AMs) -A. Yamamoto (AS) ILC Project Unit, Coordination Unit KEK Planning Office for the ILC 20 As of April, 2015 Assoc. Directors

ILC Accelerator in TDR Damping Rings Polarised electron source E+ source Ring to Main Linac (RTML) (including bunch compressors) e- Main Linac e+ Main Linac ParametersValue C.M. Energy500 GeV Peak luminosity1.8 x10 34 cm -2 s -1 Beam Rep. rate5 Hz Pulse duration0.73 ms Average current 5.8 mA (in pulse) FF beam size (y)5.9 nm E gradient in SCRF acc. cavity 31.5 MV/m +/-20% Q 0 = 1E10 21 Demonstrated in TDR Progress in 2014

Progress in Beam Size at ATF2 Beam Size 44 nm observed, (Goal : 37 nm corresponding to 6 nm at ILC) IPAC2014, K. Kubo ICHEp2014, S. Kuroda 22 A. Yamamoto, LCB- 150226 ILC Acc. Status

Superconducting RF Facilities anticipated for Hub/Consortium AMTF @DESY/E-XFEL, CM STF-CFF @ KEK ASTA @ FNAL, TEDF @ JLab FNAL/ILCTA, ANL Cornell JLAB KEK DESY, E-XFEL SLAC, LCLS-II CEA-Saclay, LAL IHEP, PKU RRCAT 23

CM2 reached at Fermilab in 2014 Cryomodule test at Fermilab reached MV/m, exceeding ILC specification 24 CavityGradient (MV/m) 131.9 230.8 331.8 431.7 531.5 631.3 731.6 831.4 A. Yamamoto, LCB- 150226 ILC Acc. Status

LCLS-II DESY LAL Saclay CERN INFN Milan SLAC FNAL/ANL Cornell JLab KEK 8 US and EU (industrial) production and test capacity. Perfectly placed for start of ILC construction end of this decade. Kitakami proposed site Largest deployment of this technology to date -100 cryomodules -800 cavities -17.5 GeV (pulsed) US infrastructure for -35 cryomodules -280 cavities -4 GeV (CW) preliminary data; results are not published FEL and advanced linacs with SCRF modules IHEP PKU IUAC RRCAT TRIUMF

26 European Strategy approved by CERN Council, EC Chair: Tatsuya Nakada (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne) Supports from the World Community Asia ACFA-HEP Chair: Mitsuaki Nozaki (KEK) 3 rd ACFA-HEP Meeting on 17.07.2013 in Chiba

USA Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) Report, May 2014 Drivers: Higgs* Neutrino Mass Dark Matter* Dark Energy/Inflation New Particles/Interactions* *where the ILC can contribute Strong emphasis on global cooperation!

ILC Site Candidate Location in Japan: Kitakami Oshu Ichinoseki Ofunato Kesen-numa Sendai Express- Rail High-way IP Region Proposed by JHEP community Endorsed by LCC To be authorized by Government 28 A. Yamamoto, LCB-150226 ILC Acc. Status

Supporter of Industrial Sector : Advanced Accelerator Association of Japan (AAA) Industry: 100 companies Mitsubishi HI Toshiba Hitachi Mitsubishi Electric Kyoto Ceramic et al. Academy: 40 institutes KEK Tokyo Kyoto Tohoku, Kyushu, RIKEN, JAEA et al.) Industry: 100 companies Mitsubishi HI Toshiba Hitachi Mitsubishi Electric Kyoto Ceramic et al. Academy: 40 institutes KEK Tokyo Kyoto Tohoku, Kyushu, RIKEN, JAEA et al.) Federation of Diet members to promote a construction of international laboratory for ILC 31 st July 2008 established a suprapartisan ILC supporters (July 2008 ) President Kaoru Yosano Deputy Yukio Hatoyama Secretary- General Takeo Kawamura Directors Yoshihiko Noda Director Norihisa Tamura Masamitsu Naito December 2011 at AAA symposium Supreme advisor Kaoru Yosano President Emeritus Masatoshi Koshiba President Takashi Nishioka (Mitsubishi HI Trustee Atsuto Suzuki KEK) Akira Maru Hitachi Yoshiaki Nakaya Mitsubishi Electric Yasuji Igarashi Toshiba Akira Noda Kyoto University Keijiro Minami Kyoto ceramic Auditor Sachio Komamiya (University of Tokyo Supreme advisor Kaoru Yosano President Emeritus Masatoshi Koshiba President Takashi Nishioka (Mitsubishi HI Trustee Atsuto Suzuki KEK) Akira Maru Hitachi Yoshiaki Nakaya Mitsubishi Electric Yasuji Igarashi Toshiba Akira Noda Kyoto University Keijiro Minami Kyoto ceramic Auditor Sachio Komamiya (University of Tokyo New Officers Supreme advisor Kaoru Yosano President Takeo Kawamura Secretary-general Tatsu Shionoya > 150 Diet Members AAA homepage http://aaa-sentan.org Established in June 2008 Reformed as a general incorporated organization in 2014 Renewed on 1 st Feb 2013 lead by Takeo Kawamura White House July 2014

Time line for the ILC project plan YearsTDR baseline Scenario 1 - 2 Preparation Period continuation of high-tech R&D 2 years 3 - 6 Preparation for ILC construction 4 years with real budget 7 - 15 Construction 9 years (12 -) Start Installation (13 -) Start of step-by-step accelerator test 16 -Beam commissioning 17 Physics Run @ 250 ~ 500 GeV (550 GeV) TBD Luminosity upgrade (500 GeV) TBD Energy upgrade (1 TeV) A. Yamamoto, 15/02/1630

Summary ILC is the truly global project of basic science. ILC is the truly global project of basic science. Physics beyond the Standard Model is expected to be established and studied at ILC. Physics beyond the Standard Model is expected to be established and studied at ILC. Precise Higgs/top studies, New particle searches/studies Precise Higgs/top studies, New particle searches/studies The ILC accelerator technology is mature and solid. The ILC accelerator technology is mature and solid. Superconducting RF, Beam focusing at collision point etc. Superconducting RF, Beam focusing at collision point etc. Japan is seriously investigating the ILC project as an official process. Japan is seriously investigating the ILC project as an official process. In Japan, the Federation of Diet Members, Industrial sectors, local governments strongly support the ILC project. In Japan, the Federation of Diet Members, Industrial sectors, local governments strongly support the ILC project. Diplomatic discussions has been started among governments of EU, US and Japan. This will expand to Asian countries/regions. Diplomatic discussions has been started among governments of EU, US and Japan. This will expand to Asian countries/regions.

Spare slides

Unification of Forces Electro-magnetic Int. Magnetism Electro-Weak Int. -decay Weak Interaction Grand-Unification with SUSY Nuclei Strong Interaction QCD Terrestrial experiments Evolution of Planets Gravity Quantum Gravity Super-string Maxwell Weinberg et al. Fermi Yukawa Galileo Kepler Newton Einstein Electricity etc. / General Relativity W/Z CERN Gluon DESY Rutherford

Hierarchy in sizes of building blocks of material Molecules Atoms Nuclei Nucleons Elementary Water molecule Oxygen Atom Hydrogen atom Neutron u - quark - quark Oxygen Nucleus Proton electron 10 -10 m 10 -15 m 2 ) Scientific prospects and future plans for particle and nuclear physics, in Europe, north America, and in China Observation and suggestions for ILC, obtained through worldwide visiting and Interviews

JFY2015, Commissioned Survey by MEXT contracted with Nomura Research Institute (NRI) Subjects for survey and analysis: Technical feasibility to realize the ILC Regarding components, system design, management, and infrastructure Technical issues to prepare for the ILC construction Regarding industrial technology, and necessary time-scale, and prototype works. Cost increase risk Cost reduction possibility with technical approaches not described in TDR

LCC-ILC Progress Report in preparation to be useful for further surveys and studies It contains the LCC-ILC technical progress after TDR, respecting: Civil engineering studies Accelerator hardware design/development updates Accelerator system layout updates for preferred site Integration/test facilities to be prepared for hub- laboratory functioning Project Implementation Plan Further preparatory work It may be useful as a reference document for any survey and/or evaluation on the ILC activities, updated.

CM1 Beam Dump SC RF-Gun CM2a+2b Objective High Gradient (31.5 MV/m) Demonstration of full cryomodule Pulse and CW operation (for effective R&D) Better efficiency power sources SRF electron gun Training for next generation s CM0 BC CM3a +3b, Electron Gun Full Cryomodules Undulators (in future) Detecto r 46 Plan: -Multiple Cryomodule for system study -In-house Cavity to be installed in cooperation with industry -Wide range application including Photon Science Gradient achieved at Cavity VT: > 35 MV/m with the yield of > 90 % 2013-12-18 KEK-STF2 is to be a SRF Beam Accelerator Facility A. Yamamoto, LCB-150226 ILC Acc. Status

KEK: STF/STF2 S1-Global: completed (2010) Quantum Beam Accelerator (Inverse Llaser Compton): 6.7 mA, 1 ms CM1 test with beam (2014 ~2015) STF-COI: Facility to demonstrate CM assembly/test in near future Cavity string: S1 Global Cryomodule at STF: DESY: FLASH 1.25 GeV linac (TESLA-Like tech.) ILC-like bunch trains: 600 ms, 9 mA beam (2009); 800 ms 4.5 mA (2012) RF-cryomodule string with beam PXFEL1 operational at FLASH XFEL Prototype at PXFEL1 PXFEL1 : ~ 32MV/m> FNAL: ASTA (Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator) CM1 test complete CM2 operation (2013) CM2 with beam (soon) 47 Cryomodule System Tests Demonstrated CM2: > 31.5 MV/m> CM2 at NML Facility:

A globally distributed model based on the hub laboratory concept for cryomodule production Regional hub-laboratories responsible to regional procurements to be open for any world-wide industry participation Regional Hub-Lab: E, & Regional Hub-Lab: E, & Regional Hub-Lab: A Regional Hub-Lab: A Regional Hub-Lab: B Regional Hub-Lab: B Regional Hub-Lab: D Regional Hub-Lab: D World-wide Industry responsible to Build-to-Print manufacturing World-wide Industry responsible to Build-to-Print manufacturing ILC Host-Lab Regional Hub-Lab: C: responsible to Hosting System Test and Gradient Performance Regional Hub-Lab: C: responsible to Hosting System Test and Gradient Performance Technical Coordination for Lab-Consortium Technical Coordination for Lab-Consortium : Technical coordination link : Procurement link 48

ILC being studied in Japan 49 MEXT Particle & Nuclear Phys. Working Group in 2014 ~ 2015 TDR Validation Working Group in 2014 ~ 2015 SCJ ILC Taskforce formed in 2013 Academic Experts Committee in JFY 2014 ~ 2015 Recommendation in 2013 150421 15/05/11 Human Resource Working Group in 2015 Commissioned Survey by NRI ( in 2014, and 2015 ) MEXT Commissioned Survey planned

1 Until 4 th July 2012, for more than 20 years, we keep agitating that a Revolution in the field of...

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