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UNIT 9UNIT 9

DESIGNING MORE FITTING DESIGNING MORE FITTING ENVIRONMENTSENVIRONMENTS

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Social design research involves Social design research involves studying how settings can best serve studying how settings can best serve human desires and requirements.human desires and requirements.

Social Design versus Formal designSocial Design versus Formal design

What is social design?What is social design?

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Social Design vs Formal designSocial Design vs Formal design

Formal design favors an approach that may be described as:- large scale, corporate, high cost, exclusive, authoritarian, tending to high-tech solutions, and concerned with

style, ornament, the paying client,

and a national or international focus.

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Social Design vs Formal DesignSocial Design vs Formal Design

Social Design favors an approach that Social Design favors an approach that may be described as:may be described as: small scale,small scale, human oriented,human oriented, low cost,low cost, inclusive, inclusive, democratic,democratic, tending to appropriate technology,tending to appropriate technology, concerned with concerned with

meaning and context, meaning and context, the occupant as well as the paying client,the occupant as well as the paying client,

a local focus a local focus

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Environments should, of course, be Environments should, of course, be both beautiful and functional for both beautiful and functional for their occupantstheir occupants

Architecture as ArtArchitecture as Art

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the client (who puts up the money)the client (who puts up the money) the designer (architect, planner)the designer (architect, planner) the engineer (on larger projects) the engineer (on larger projects) the everyday building user, occupant, the everyday building user, occupant,

or visitoror visitor

The principal players in building The principal players in building includeinclude

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Social design research has become Social design research has become necessary in industrial and postindustrial necessary in industrial and postindustrial

societies. societies.

Its Roles are: Its Roles are: To establish and to facilitate To establish and to facilitate

communication among the principal communication among the principal players in the design process.players in the design process.

To remind everyone involved that the To remind everyone involved that the everyday building user is one of the everyday building user is one of the principal playersprincipal players

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The Goals The Goals Social design researchers &

practitioners goals are to: Create physical settings that match the

needs and activities of their occupants (habitability, congruence, or goodness of fit

Satisfy the building users Change behavior Enhance the occupant’s personal control Facilitate social support Employ imageability

Social Research in the Design ProcessSocial Research in the Design Process

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Stages in the Design Stages in the Design ProcessProcess

1.1. Programming (Analysis)Programming (Analysis)

2.2. Design (Synthesis)Design (Synthesis)

3.3. Construction (Realization)Construction (Realization)

4.4. Use (Reality Testing)Use (Reality Testing)

5.5. Evaluation (Review): Post occupancy Evaluation (Review): Post occupancy EvaluationEvaluation–Dimensions –Dimensions

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1. Programming (Analysis)1. Programming (Analysis) Understand users by analyzing the users’

needs This analysis should involve multiple methods such as surveys and interviews of occupants

Stages in the Design Stages in the Design ProcessProcess

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Stages in the Design Stages in the Design ProcessProcess

2. Design (Synthesis)2. Design (Synthesis) Formulating Design Guidelines six

workplace design guidelines Shelter and security Social contact Task instrumentality Symbolic identification Growth Pleasure

Guidelines must be transformed into building plans

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Stages in the Design Stages in the Design ProcessProcess

3. Construction (Realization)3. Construction (Realization) Building the project and modifying plans

under changing constrains The architectural plans are turned into

wood, concrete, glass and steel Designers oversees construction ensure

plans are faithfully executed

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Stages in the Design Stages in the Design ProcessProcess

4. Use (Reality Testing)4. Use (Reality Testing) Moving in and adapting the

environment Building are finally occupied

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Stages in the Design ProcessStages in the Design Process

5. 5. Evaluation (Review): Post occupancyEvaluation (Review): Post occupancy EvaluationEvaluation––

DimensionsDimensions

Monitoring the final product in terms of objectives and use ideally to be translated into future design criteria.

Post occupancy evaluations vary along four dimensions:

Size Generality Breadth of focus Application timing

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Key Features of Key Features of Postoccupancy EvaluationPostoccupancy Evaluation

Principal players (including the 'building users' )

Methods Purpose

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Key Features of Post-Ooccupancy Key Features of Post-Ooccupancy EvaluationEvaluation

1. Principal players (including the 'building users' ) Are those who have interest in the building - including

staff, managers, customers or clients, visitors, owners, design & maintenance teams, & particular interest groups.

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Key Features of Post-Occupancy Key Features of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (con’t)Evaluation (con’t)

2. Methods It uses the direct, unmediated experiences of building users as the

basis for evaluating how a building works for its intended use. It is different from the conventional surveys and market research. Methods used are similar to environmental psychology, i.e. surveys, interview, observation, etc.

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Key Features of Post-Occupancy Key Features of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (con’t)Evaluation (con’t)

3. Purpose

It can be utilize for many purposes, e.g. fine tuning new buildings; developing new facilities & managing 'problem' buildings; establishing maintenance, replacement, purchasing or supply policies; preparing for refurbishment; or selecting accommodation for purchase or rent.