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Today’s topic is population growth

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What we are going to look at:• Some new geographical terms – so we all know

what we mean when we say certain things• Having looked at the map of world population

density, we are going to compare it with a map of population growth, and see the similarities and differences

• Next – what factors encourage populations to grow or shrink

• After that a diagram called a demographic transition model which explains why populations change, over time and between different countries of the world.

• Finally to look at another diagram type, the population pyramid which helps explain what is happening right now in different places.

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Population Clock

How many people are there in the world NOW?

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Click here to find out!

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/7-billion

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Introduction• Birth RateBirth Rate The average annual number of

births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population

• Death RateDeath Rate The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population

• Natural Increase (or decrease)Natural Increase (or decrease) is the difference between Birth Rate and Death Rate

• Whereas population changepopulation change has to take into account of any immigration or emigrationWhen would there a a natural

increase? A natural decrease?

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What factors influence birth & death rates?

Women have a better education now and careers. They have less time for a family

Women have a better education now and careers. They have less time for a family

Better roads and communications mean that food and emergency services can reach all areas of the country

Better roads and communications mean that food and emergency services can reach all areas of the country

Several religions encourage big families

Several religions encourage big families

Diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and typhoid can cause many deaths.

Diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and typhoid can cause many deaths.

Parents want to buy things for their children, so they have a small family and can spend their money on just 1 or 2 children.

Parents want to buy things for their children, so they have a small family and can spend their money on just 1 or 2 children.

So many children die before they are 5 years old that parents have lots of babies in the hope that at least some will survive.

So many children die before they are 5 years old that parents have lots of babies in the hope that at least some will survive.

There’s no family planning or birth control available.

There’s no family planning or birth control available.

Improved medical care and more doctors and nurses

Improved medical care and more doctors and nurses

Clean water and proper sewage systems keep people healthy

Clean water and proper sewage systems keep people healthy

Few doctors and hospitals mean that even simple injuries and illnesses are dangerous.

Few doctors and hospitals mean that even simple injuries and illnesses are dangerous.

Poor farmers need lots of children to help them work the land and help earn money.

Poor farmers need lots of children to help them work the land and help earn money.

A big family is a kind of insurance policy, making sure that there are children and grandchildren to look after you when you are old.

A big family is a kind of insurance policy, making sure that there are children and grandchildren to look after you when you are old.

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Factors influencing population growth

Impact on population size

Birth rate Death rate

increase

decrease

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Influence birth or death rates?

A big family is a kind of insurance policy, making sure that there are children and grandchildren to look after you when you are old.

A big family is a kind of insurance policy, making sure that there are children and grandchildren to look after you when you are old.

Increase or

decrease?Why?

There’s no family planning or birth control

available.

There’s no family planning or birth control

available.

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Influence birth or death rates?

Few doctors and hospitals mean that even simple injuries and illnesses are dangerous

Few doctors and hospitals mean that even simple injuries and illnesses are dangerous

Increase or

decrease?Why?

Poor farmers need lots of

children to help them work the land and help earn money.

Poor farmers need lots of

children to help them work the land and help earn money.

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Influence birth or death rates?

Clean water and proper

sewage systems keep people healthy

Clean water and proper

sewage systems keep people healthy

So many children die before they are 5 years old that parents have lots of babies in the hope that at least some will survive.

So many children die before they are 5 years old that parents have lots of babies in the hope that at least some will survive.

Increase or

decrease?

Why?

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Influence birth or death rates?

Better roads and communications mean that food and emergency services can reach all areas of the country, so fewer people die.

Better roads and communications mean that food and emergency services can reach all areas of the country, so fewer people die.

Increase or

decrease?Why?

Women have a better education now and careers. They have

less time for a family and have fewer

children

Women have a better education now and careers. They have

less time for a family and have fewer

children

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Influence birth or death rates?

Improved medical care and more doctors and nurses produce lower death rates

Improved medical care and more doctors and nurses produce lower death rates

Increase or

decrease?Why?

Parents want to buy things for their

children, so they have a small family and can spend their money on just 1 or 2 children.

Parents want to buy things for their

children, so they have a small family and can spend their money on just 1 or 2 children.

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Influence birth or death rates?

Diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and typhoid can cause many deaths.

Diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and typhoid can cause many deaths.

Increase or

decrease?Why?

Several religions

encourage big families

Several religions

encourage big families

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World Population Density – by country

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Cartograms• The maps are equal area cartogramsequal area cartograms,

otherwise known as density-equalising maps.

• The cartogram re-sizes each territory according to the variable being mapped.

• To have a look at more of these go to

• http://www.worldmapper.org/textindex/text_index.html

• which is the index of all their maps – scroll down to get subjects like communication

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World map by population size

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World map by number of Births

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• Notice how Japan, Europe and the US shrinks?

More children are born each year in Africa than are born in the Americas, all of Europe and Japan put together. Worldwide, more than a third of a million new people will be born on your birthday this year.

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How have population growth patterns changed?

Demographic transition model

Birth rate and

death rate high, low

population, stable

Birth rate high and death rate

lower, increasing population

Birth rate and death rate

lower, increasing population

Birth rate and

death rate low, high population, stable

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As you saw this was what it was like in the UK over time

• But different countries in the world at different stages in the present

• Stage 1: Birth rate and death rate are high - low natural increase - low total population

• Stage 2: Birth rate is high - death rate is falling - high natural increase (population growth)

• Stage 3: Falling birth rate - low death rate - high natural increase (population growth)

• Stage 4: Birth rate and death rate is low - low natural increase - high total population

• Which stage do you think Brazil, Mexico, Australia and Sudan are at?

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Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country.

Annotating a LIC population triangle

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Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country.

 

Annotating a HIC population triangle

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Population in millions

Male Female

In this country the birth rate is decreasing.

In the future the elderly people will

make up the largest section of the

population in this country.

This is happening more and more in

many of the world’s richer

countries.

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Homework

• This is a bit of mix and match set – a few multiple choices and filling in the gaps – all about today’s lesson – but if you have completed today’s notes, you should be fine