1 tmo18023 umts overview

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1All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Advanced Wireless Networks UMTS Overview

9300 W-CDMAUA06 UMTS Overview

TMO18023 Edition 1

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

9300 W-CDMA · UA06 UMTS OverviewUA06 UMTS Overview

1 · 2

1 From 2G to 3G1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements



1 · 3

1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements

1.1.1 What Are the 2G Limitations?

2G limitations

C U SOONSMS

Rate 9.6kbps

Waste of radio resource (before GPRS)

Not adapted for new services such as video streaming

Large number of 2G systems

=> Lack of compatibility



1 · 4

1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements

1.1.2 What Are the 3G Requirements?

3G requirements High speed: 144-384kbps: full coverage and mobility 2Mbps: Limited coverage and mobility

Better spectrum efficiency

Worldwide roaming Single system for the following environments:

cellular satellite office residential

Flexibility to introduce new services



1 · 5

1 From 2G to 3G1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution



1 · 6

1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution

1.2.1 Evolution of the Radio Access Network

2G RAN

BSS GSM Up to 160kbps Internet

services

R’97/98/99 (GSM)

3G RAN

BSS EDGE Up to 384kbps Internet

services

R’99 (GSM)

Radio technique

FDMA + TDMA

GERAN EDGE Up to 384kbps Multimedia VoIP

R5 (3GPP)

EDGEEDGEE-GPRSE-GPRS

GPRSGPRS

CDMA

UTRAN UMTS Up to 384kbps Multimedia AMR voice

R99’/R3/R4 (3GPP)

UMTSUMTSUTRAN 3G/HSDPA

Up to 10Mbps DL Multimedia AMR voice then VoIP

HSDPAHSDPA

R5 (3GPP) R6 (3GPP)

UTRAN 3G/HSUPA Typical: 2 Mbps

UL Multimedia VoIP

HSUPAHSUPA



1 · 7


1.2.2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

VMSC/VLR

CS

GMSC

BSS with PCUBSS (GSM +

GPRS)

POTS

PS

SGSNGPRS

backbone iGGSN

IPnetwork

HLR



1 · 8


1.2.3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

New radio modulation

2 generations

GERAN

3G

Up to 384kbps

Insertion in UMTS solutions

E-GPRS

2.5G

Evolution of GSM radio part



1 · 9


1.2.4 GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN)

BSC

GSM

GSM

EDGE

GSM

EDGE

GSM

EDGE

BSCIu

Iu

UMTS

core

network(All IP)



1 · 10

1 From 2G to 3G1.3 IMT-2000



1 · 11

1.3 IMT-2000

1.3.1 3G Standardization Bodies

3G.IP

3GPP Members: ETSI (Europe), T1 (USA), TTA (Korea), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CWTS (PRC) Goal: Global specifications for UMTS networks

3GPP2 Members: TIA (USA), TTA (Korea), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CWTS (PRC) Goal: Global specifications for CDMA2000 networks

3G.IP Members: AT&T Wireless (USA), BT (UK), Omnitel (Italy), etc. Goal: Specifications of an all-IP core network standard



1 · 12

1.3 IMT-2000

1.3.2 Radio and Core Network Subsystems

ANSI-41GSM MAP

4 radio accesses

2 core networks

FDD-DS

IMT-TCUMTSUMTS

TDD

IMT-DS

FDD-MCCDMA 2000IMT-MC

EDGETDMA

IMT-SC



1 · 13

1.3 IMT-2000

1.3.3 Subsystems Distribution

Western Europe:

GSM(100%)

China:

GSM(95%) CDMA

(13%)

Japan:

PDC(65%) CDMA

(35%)

US & Canada:

GSM(12%) CDMA

(52%) TDMA(36%)

Rest of the World:

GSM(41%) CDMA

(35%) TDMA(24%)

CDMA2000

CDMA2000

CDMA2000

CDMA2000

EDGE

EDGE

EDGE

EDGE

EDGE

EDGE

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS1999 Market Share:

GSM 65 %CDMA 14 %TDMA 12 %PDC 9 %

IMT-2000

UMTS

CDMA2000

EDGE



1 · 14

1 From 2G to 3G1.4 3GPP



1 · 15

1.4 3GPP

1.4.1 Radio Access Ranges

Satellite

Zone 4: Global

Macro-cell

Zone 3: Suburban

Micro-cell

Zone 2: Urban

Zone 1: In-Building

Pico-cell

UMTS/TDD or

HSDPA/HSUPA

UMTS/FDDEDGEMSS



1 · 16

2 Services and Applications



1 · 17

2 Services and Applications2.1 User Equipment



1 · 18

2.1 User Equipment

2.1.1 Description

User Equipment (UE)

Cu

MobileEquipment

(ME)

Helloworld

1 2 369

587

4

0* #

UMTS

UICC

USIM 2 GSMacces

s

SIM

USIM 1

UMTSNode B

GSMBTS

Helloworld

1 2 369

587

4

0* #

GSM



1 · 19

2.1 User Equipment

2.1.2 Some Characteristics

Radio technology FDD or TDD

Frequency band 2100, 1900MHz

Power class 1 to 4 (radio transmission power)

Supported classmarks

1 to 4 (GSM and/or UMTS)

Transmission rate class

32kbps to 2048kbps

Location no, A-GPS, OTDOA

Transmission rate class

UP 32kbps

64kbps

128kbps

384kbps

768kbps

2048kbps

Down

32kbps

64kbps

128kbps

384kbps

768kbps

Power class

1 2 3 4

2W 0.5W 0.25W

0.126W

Supported classmark

TYPE 1

No measurement on other network

Manual Switch

TYPE 2

Measurements on other network

Automatic switch

TYPE 3

Plus simultaneous reception Rx on GSM and UMTS

TYPE 4

Plus simultaneous transmission Tx and Rx on GSM and UMTS



1 · 20

2.1 User Equipment

2.1.3 How to Access Services?

distributed

integrated Probably 2 in 1

Strong consumer expectation for mobile multimedia

Excellent tool for vertical market applications

Operator / Manufacturer Flagship product (NTT DoCoMo)



1 · 21

2 Services and Applications2.2 Types of Services



1 · 22

2.2 Types of Services

2.2.1 Applications

Always-onapplications

User Equipment = always-on device

User Equipment = information device

User Equipment =store

Mediaapplications

Purchasing:Purchasing:

MerchantMerchant

M-Commerceapplications

Infotainment:Infotainment:

Service ProviderService Provider

Communicating:Communicating:

Users/Machines Users/Machines

Helloworld

1236958740*#



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2.2 Types of Services

2.2.2 QoS Classes

Traffic Class

AMR speech service Video telephony (IETF multimedia architecture):

CS: H.324 PS: H.323

Data integrity sensitive

-

+

E-mail delivery

SMS Etc.

Location-based services

Computer games

Delay sensitiv

e

-

+

streaming

interactive

background

conversational

Video on demand



1 · 24

3 UMTS Architecture



1 · 25

Objectives

Objectives:To be able to describe the functional architecture of the UMTS network.

Content:3.1 UTRAN3.2 Core Network3.3 Protocols on Iu



1 · 26

3 UMTS Architecture3.1 UTRAN



1 · 27

3.1 UTRAN

3.1.1 The UTRAN in the UMTS Architecture

UMTS PLMN

Iu

PSTN

IPnetwork

UTRAN Core network

UEHelloworld

1236958740* #

Uu



1 · 28

3.1 UTRAN

3.1.2 Functions

UTRANfunctions Radio resource management

and control

Mobility procedures

Transfer of data,ciphering / deciphering

Broadcast / Multicast

Overall system access control



1 · 29

3.1 UTRAN

3.1.3 Architecture

RNS

RNS

Node B 1

Iu

IuIub

Iub

Iub

Serving

Node B 2

Node B 3

UuUE

Helloworld

1 2 3

6

9

5

87

4

0* #

CorenetworkIur

RNC 1

RNC 2



1 · 30

3 UMTS Architecture3.2 Core Network



1 · 31

3.2 Core Network

3.2.1 Functions

Core Networkfunctions

Management of user location information

Control of network features and services

Communication with RANs and other CNs

Transfer mechanisms(switching and transmission) for signaling and user data



1 · 32

3.2 Core Network

3.2.2 3GPP R'99/R3 Architecture

CS domain

PSTN

PS domain

IPnetwork

UTRAN

Iu-CS

Iu-PS

Gn

Gi

D

Gc

C

Gr

MAP

ISUP

SS7 network

GTP

IP network GGSN

SGSN

Gs HLR

MSC/VLRGMSC



1 · 33

3.2 Core Network

3.2.3 3GPP R4 Architecture

PS domain

Iu-PS

IPnetwork

SGSN GGSN

UTRAN

HLR

Iu-CS

PSTN

MSC/VLR MSC/VLR

User data

Signaling

MSC server & VLR

CS-MGW

GMSC server

CS-MGW

IP, ATM

BICC

BSS Edge

A,

Gb,



1 · 34

3.2 Core Network

3.2.4 3GPP R5 Architecture

Iu-CS CS-domain

IMS

PS domain

Iu-PS

IPnetwork

PSTN

UTRANBSS EdgeBSS EdgeGERAN HSS



1 · 35

3.2 Core Network

3.2.5 3GPP R5 Architecture: IMS

IMS

PS domain

Iu PS

SGSN GGSN

UTRANGERAN

IPnetwor

k

OtherPLMN

PSTN

HSS

MGCF

IM-MGW

SIP CSCFBGCF



1 · 36

4 UMTS Basic Principles



1 · 37

Objectives

Objectives:To be able to describe the UMTS and CDMA basic principles.

Content:4.1 CDMA Principles4.2 Radio Resources: Frequency, Time, Power/Code4.3 Radio Resource Management



1 · 38

4 UMTS Basic Principles4.1 CDMA Principles



1 · 39

4.1 CDMA Principles

4.1.1 Multiple Access Technique

User1

User2

User3

User1

User2User3

User1User2

User3

FDMA TDMA CDMA

Time

Frequency

Power

Time

Frequency

Power

Time

Frequency

Power / Code



1 · 40

4.1 CDMA Principles

4.1.2 CDMA Characteristics

The entire bandwidth is used by each user at the same time: Intra-cell interference. User orthogonality is achieved by codes.

1 frequency on all the cells, so the entire bandwidth is used in each cell: Inter-cell interference. Cell orthogonality is achieved by codes.



1 · 41

4.1 CDMA Principles

4.1.3 CDMA Modes

FDD mode

Code and frequency orthogonality Downlink

Uplinkf1

f2

5-MHz channel

5-MHz channel

TDD mode

Code and timeorthogonality

Uplink & Downlink15 TSs

. .. . ..

Helloworld

1 2 3

6

9

5

87

4

0* #

Helloworld

1 2 3

6

9

5

87

4

0* #

Helloworld

1 2 3

6

9

5

87

4

0* #

Helloworld

1 2 3

6

9

5

87

4

0* #



1 · 42

4.1 CDMA Principles

4.1.4 CDMA Frequency Range

1900 1980 2010 20251920

FDD mode Wide CDMA paired bands (2 x 60MHz)

TDDTDD FDD UL

FDD DL

MSS UL

MSS DL

TDD modeTD/CDMA (Time Division) unpaired bands (35MHz)

2170 2200 2110



1 · 43

4.1 CDMA Principles

4.1.5 UMTS 900/850MHz

64 CSD 900 MHz64 CSD 900 MHz64 CSD 2 GHz64 CSD 2 GHz64 CSD 2 GHz64 CSD 2 GHz

Site count reduction Better in-building penetration gain

GSM site reuse

More coverageBetter indoor penetration

Our R&D Driver of UMTS 900Hz Specifications at 3GPP

UMTS/HSDPA + 900/850MHz = Winning Combination



1 · 44

4.1 CDMA Principles

4.1.6 HSDPA: What For?

HSDPA Standardized by 3GPP R5 HSDPA is designed to: Increase the Downlink data throughput over the air interface (theoretical peak user bit rate = 14.4Mbps). Provide instantaneous high data rates in the PS domain (e.g., Internet browsing, video on demand).HSDPA could be deployed in both FDD and TDD modes.

DL

UL



1 · 45

4.1 CDMA Principles

4.1.7 HSDPA: Better Use of Resources

HSDPA 3G with a High Speed DL Shared Channel

Classical 3G with Dedicated Channel

A shared channel is much more efficientthan a dedicated channel to carry bursty packet traffic.



1 · 46

4.1 CDMA Principles

4.1.8 HSUPA: What For?

HSUPA Standardized by 3GPP R6HSUPA standardized by 3GPP R6 is designed to increase the Uplink data throughput over the air interface (theoretical peak user bit rate = 5.7Mbps).

3GPP 3GPP Release Release

66

ThroughputThroughput&&

CapacityCapacityH

SUPA

HSUPA

UplinkUplink

DedicatedDedicatedChannelsChannels

HighHighThroughpuThroughpu

tsts

R99 = 384 kbps UL

Cat. 5 UE: 2 Mbps UL

Cat. 6 UE: 5.7 Mbps UL



1 · 47

4 UMTS Basic Principles4.2 Radio Resources: Frequency, Time, Power/Code



1 · 48

4.2 Radio Resources: Frequency, Time, Power/Code

4.2.1 Definition

f

Power

N0

Spread Signal S’

Schip

01

0011

0010

Channelization code example:Spreading factor = 4

UE1

01

1011

1010

UE2

1 Spreading SAME E-TACTIC

- CATS EAT MICEn Chips

n ChipsChannelization Code

Scrambling Code

2 Scrambling

S

T

AC-E

E

A TM

IC

f

Power

Sbit

N0

SIR

SS: Signal level

N: Noise level



1 · 49


4.2.2 Multiple Access

Noise!

ChannelizationBit chips

scrambling

Mixed chipsmodulation

UE1

UE2

Node B



1 · 50


4.2.3 FDD and TDD Modes Characteristics

FDD TDD

Multiple access scheme Direct-Sequence CDMA TDMA with CDMA in time slots

Duplex scheme Frequency division Time division

Frequency bands UL: 1920-1980MHz DL: 2110-2170MHz

UL:1900-1920MHz DL: optional 2010-2025MHz

Bandwidth Nominal 5MHz Nominal 5MHz

Chip rate 3.84Mcps 3.84Mcps

Frame length 10ms 10ms

Slots per frame 15 15

Inter-BS synchronization Not Needed Synchronization needed

Multi-rate/variable-rate scheme

Variable spreading factor, multi-code

Multi-slot, multi-code

Spreading factor DL: 512 to 4 UL: 256 to 4

16 to 1 (UL and DL)

Channel coding scheme Convolutional, Turbo Convolutional, Turbo

Bearer capability Up to 2Mbps Up to 2Mbps



1 · 51

4 UMTS Basic Principles4.3 Radio Resource Management



1 · 52

4.3 Radio Resource Management

4.3.1 Soft Handover (1/2)

Core network

Iu Iu

IubIub

RNC1 RNC2

Node B2 Node B3

driftdriftIur

servingserving



1 · 53


4.3.2 Soft Handover (2/2)

Core network

IubIub

Iu

Iub

Iur

Iu

Iub

Node B1 Node B2 Node B3 Node B4

RNC1

1 2 3 4

S D

5

DS

6

SRNC2



1 · 54


4.3.3 Power Control (1/2)

Node B

Helloworld

1 2 3

6

9

5

87

4

0* #

Power Control Issue Near-far effect in uplink Minimize the interference level



1 · 55


4.3.4 Power Control (2/2)

SIR > SIRtarget?

Node B

Open loop

Closed loop

Node B

Outer loop

Inner loop

Tx powerestimation

SIR > SIRtarget?

TPC command

RNCSIRtarget

adjustment

SIR target

Helloworld

1 2 3

6

9

5

87

4

0* #



1 · 56


4.3.5 Radio Resources

Concentric Coverage: The coverage is determined by the uplink interference level.Soft capacity: The capacity is determined by the downlink interference level and the code orthogonality.Load of the cell: trade-off capacity/coverage (breathing cells).



1 · 57

End of ModuleUMTS Overv iew



1 · 58

QuizMaker



1 · 59

Appendix



1 · 60

Standards: Series 21 to 23

21-Series: Requirements SpecificationsThese specifications are often transient and contain requirements leading to other specifications. They may become obsolete when technical solutions have been fully specified. They could then, e.g., be replaced by reports describing the performance of the system. They could be deleted without replacement or be kept for historical reasons but turned into background material. When found necessary and appropriate, the transient or permanent nature of a requirement specification may be expressed in its scope.

22-Series: Service AspectsSpecifications in this series specify services, service features, building blocks or platforms for services (a service feature or service building block may provide certain generic functionality for the composition of a service, including the control by the user; a platform may comprise a single or more network elements, e.g. UIM, mobile terminal, auxiliary system to the core network etc.). Stage-1 aspecs that are felt appropriate belong to this series. Reports defining services which can be realized by generic building blocks etc. also belong to this series.

23-Series: Technical RealizationThis series mainly contains stage-2 specifications (or specifications of a similar nature describing interworking over several interfaces, the behavior in unexceptional cases, etc.).



1 · 61


24-Series: Signaling Protocols (UE - CN Network)This series contains the detailed and bit-exact stage-3 specifications of protocols between Mobile Station/User Equipment and the Core Network.

25-Series: UTRA Aspect25.100-series: UTRA radio performance aspects (radio performance of UTRAN).25.200-series: UTRA radio aspects ((physical) layer 1 of UTRA).25.300-series: UTRA radio interface architecture, layer 2 and layer 3 aspects (layer 2/3 of the UMTS radio).25.400-series: UTRA network aspects (Iub, Iur and Iu interfaces within UTRAN).

26-SeriesSpeech codecs and other codecs (video, etc.).



1 · 62


27-Series: DataFunctions needed to support data applications.

29-Series: Signaling Protocols (NSS)This series contains the detailed and bit-exact stage-3 specifications of protocols within the Core Network.

30-Series: Program ManagementThis series contains the 3GPP 3rd Generation Mobile System, project plans / project work program and standalone documents for major work items.

31-Series: UIMThis series specifies the User Identity Module (UIM) and the interfaces between UIM and other entities.



1 · 63


32-Series: Operation and MaintenanceThis series defines the application of TMN for the 3GPP 3rd Generation Mobile System and other functions for operation, administration and maintenance of a 3rd Generation Mobile System network.

33-Series: Security Aspects This series contains specifications of security functions.

34-Series: Test This series contains test specifications.

35-Series: AlgorithmsThis series contains the specifications of encryption algorithms for confidentiality and authentication, etc.



1 · 64

Answer the Questions



1 · 65

Module Summary



1 · 66

Discussion or Question



1 · 67

Self-assessment on the Objectives

Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectivesfor this module

The form can be found in the first partof this course documentation



1 · 68

References

1 tmo18023 umts overview

Technology

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