1

The Structure of Matter

Chapter 5

2

Compounds Compounds are made

from two or more elements.

The compound has properties that are different from those of the elements that make it.

Compounds always have the same chemical formula.

3

Chemical Bonds The attractive forces

that hold different atoms or ions together in compounds are called chemical bonds.

A bond length gives the distance between the nuclei of the two bonded atoms.

Bond angles tell how these atoms are oriented in space.

4

Structural Formulas Structural formulas

can show how the atoms are arranged in a compound.

5

What do we call the force that holds atoms in a molecule together?

Ato

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Val

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100%1. Atoms 2. Chemical bond3. Nucleus 4. Valence electrons

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6

The properties of a compound are different than the properties of the elements that make up the compound.

Tru

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Fal

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90%

1. True2. False

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7

Types of Bonds Ionic bonds are

formed between oppositely charged ions.

Metallic bonds are formed between atom’s nucleus and a neighboring atom’s electrons.

Covalent bonds are made between atoms of nonmetals.

8

Ionic Bond Bond between a metal

ion and a nonmetal ion.

The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other.

Forms ionic solids. High melting point. Conduct electric

current.

9

Metallic Bond Bond that occur

between atoms of metal.

Compounds are malleable and ductile.

Conduct electricity & heat.

Mixed to form alloys.

10

Covalent Bond Bond formed between

two nonmetals. Share electrons. Lower melting and

boiling points than ionic compounds.

Covalent compounds are soft and squishy.

Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds.

11

Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are

groups of covalently bonded atoms that have either lost or gained electrons.

The group of atoms act as a single ion.

Polyatomic ions are put in parenthesis when you need to have more than one in a ion.

HCO3−

12

Writing Chemical Formulas for Ionic Compounds List the symbols for each

ions. Write the symbols for the

ions with the cation first. Find the least common

multiple of the ions’ charges.

Write the chemical formula, indicating with subscripts how many of each ion are needed to make a neutral compound.

13

Naming Covalent Compounds Name the element

that is farthest to the left on the periodic table.

Add a prefix if there is more than one atom.

Name the element that is farthest to the right on the periodic table and change the ending to an –ide.

14

Writing Chemical Formulas for Covalent Compounds. List the chemical

symbols of the elements.

Add subscripts to indicate how many atoms of each element there is in a molecule of the compound.

CO2

15

Empirical vs. Molecular Formulas Empirical formula

shows the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms that are in a compound.

Molecular formula tells how many atoms are in one molecule of the compound.

C6H12O6

16

Organic Compound Organic compound is a

covalently bonded compound made of molecules.

Organic compounds contain carbon and most of the time hydrogen.

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Compounds made of only hydrogen & carbon atoms are called hydrocarbons.

17

Types of Organic Compounds Alkanes only have

single covalent bonds. Alkenes have double

covalent bonds. Alcohols have

hydroxly or –OH group attached.

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Alkanes Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane

19

Alkenes Methene Ethene Propene Butene Pentene Hexene Heptene Octene Nonene Decene

20

Alcohols Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol Pentanol Hexanol Heptanol Octanol Nonanol Decanol

21

Polymers Polymers are large

molecule that is formed by more than five monomers or small units.

Polymers can be natural or synthetic.

Polymers elasticity varies depending on the structure.

22

Biochemical Compounds Biochemical

compounds are naturally occurring organic compounds that are very important to living things.

Type of biochemical compounds: Carbohydrates (simple

sugars) Proteins (amino acids) Lipids (fatty acids)