1 The PFC concept is: §Based on the fact that systems need to be functional before they can produce...
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Transcript of 1 The PFC concept is: §Based on the fact that systems need to be functional before they can produce...
1
The PFC concept is:Based on the fact that systems need to be
functional before they can produce aquatic or riparian values – or desired conditions
Current Current ConditionsConditions
Desired Desired Future Future
ConditionsConditions
Current Current ConditionsConditions
Desired Desired Future Future
ConditionsConditions
PFCPFC
PFC Provides necessary broad scale perspective Triage: Assign priority order to projects where
resources can be best used, are most needed, or are most likely to achieve success
• Focus on FAR reaches w/high values (to avoid loss of function & values)
• Focus management & monitoring to on “no answers”
Appropriate time for experienced IDT to locate representative DMAs
Why PFC (Prichard et al. 1998)?
Broad scale assessments provide landscape scale overview of existing conditions…
define the scope of the issues/problem…develop solutions that become alternatives)
…
Focusing on physical functioning helps communicate among stakeholders
WHY PFC?
Step 1: Assess riparian resource function using PFC
a.Identify assessment area and assemble an ID teamb.Review existing information and delineate and stratify reachesc.Determine reach potentiald.Complete PFC assessment (validate with monitoring data if necessary)
Integrated Riparian Management
Step 3: Identify issues, goals, actions and priorities and establish objectives
a.Identify issues, goals, actions, and priorities b.Collect baseline data and establish or modify existing objectives
Step 4: Design and implement management and restoration actions
Step 6: Implement adaptive actions
Modify Objectives
if Necessary
Monitor Adaptive Actions
Step 2: Identify riparian resource values and complete additional assessments
Step 5: Monitor and analyze effectiveness of actions and update resource condition ratings (PFC)
Step 1: Assess riparian resource function using PFC
Degradation Rates
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (yrs)
Condition
Herb. veg
Woody veg
Channel
Water Qual
WQS/RMOs
PFC
Recovery RatesNon-Functional
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (yrs)
Condition
Herb. veg
Woody veg
Channel
Water Qual
WQS/RMOs
PFC
Bear Creek, Oregon Aug 1977Bear Creek, Oregon Aug 1977
Bear Creek May 1977
Bear Creek Sept 199720 years
DateDate
-40-40
-20-20
00
2020
4040
6060
8080
100100
8-Aug
8-Aug
12-A
ug
12-A
ug
16-A
ug
16-A
ug
20-A
ug
20-A
ug
24-A
ug
24-A
ug
28-A
ug
28-A
ug
Tem
pera
ture
(D
egre
es F
)T
empe
ratu
re (
Deg
rees
F)
AirAirWaterWaterDifferenceDifference
Difference in Air & Water Temperatures
Bear Creek - Central Oregon1976
Difference in Air & Water TemperaturesBear Creek - Central Oregon
1998
00
2020
4040
6060
8080
100100
120120
7-Aug
7-Aug
11-A
ug
11-A
ug
15-A
ug
15-A
ug
19-A
ug
19-A
ug
23-A
ug
23-A
ug
27-A
ug
27-A
ug
31-A
ug
31-A
ug
DateDate
Tem
pera
ture
Deg
rees
FT
empe
ratu
re D
egre
es F AirAir
WaterWaterDifferenceDifference
Bear Creek (3.5 Miles)
Data from C. Rasmussen (1996) and W. Elmore
1978 1994
Riparian Area
3.8 acres 12 acres
Bank Erosion
12,448 feet 799 feet
Water Storage
500,000 gal/mi
2,096,000 gal/mi
Production 200 lbs/acre 2000 lbs/acre
Management needs changeA.Continue what worksB.Focus on risks:
1. Trampling - season of use
2. Weak plants - duration of use
3. Up or Downstream - water, sediment, ___?
E.Focus on recovery:1. Willows -
season of use, rest2. Sedges -
rotation, durationF. Continue what works
Good Resource Objectives
Describe the continuing resource attributes to be achieved by management
Achievable, Measurable,
Worthy
Objectives should Be:Specific – What will be achieved, where, and when
Measurable – With recognized monitoring methods
Achievable – With likely management
Realistic – Within the timeframe and budget
Trackable – Within law, policy, plans, and issues
A Management Chain Reaction Rotation grazing for three weeks (or other strategy) leads to A four inch stubble height and 85% growing season recovery leads to An increase in colonizers leads to Deposition there of fine sediments leads to An increase in stabilizers leads to Narrowing a stream leads to Increased floodplain access & aquifer recharge leads to Improved base flow leads to Improved water and habitat quality leads to Increased fish populations leads to Increased recreationist satisfaction
So, which of these provides the best focus for an objective?
A Management Chain ReactionWhere is the objective?
Rotation grazing A four inch stubble height and 85% growing season recovery An increase in colonizers Deposition there of fine sediments An increase in stabilizers Narrowing a stream Increased floodplain access & aquifer recharge Improved base flow etc. Improved habitat quality Improved water quality Increased fish populations Increased recreationist satisfaction
Efficiently Monitored (MIM)Objectives
Efficiently MonitoredActions or tools
PFC
Values(difficult to monitor)
Objectives should be quantified for a specific location using baseline data and experience
For example:
At the Designated Monitoring Area 2 on Bear Camp Creek:
Increase colonizers by X % Increase stabilizers by Y % Narrow the greenline to greenline width by Z %
Match Objectives to Planning Timeline
TTII
MMEE
ANNUALINDICATORS OFMANAGEMENT
= End-of-season conditionresidual vegetationbank alterationRecovery period3 - 5 - YEARS3 - 5 - YEARS
INDICATORS OFRECOVERY
= Vegetative greenline
= Water and Habitat Quality
DECADESDECADESINDICATORS OFRECOVERY
5 - 10 YEARS5 - 10 YEARSINDICATORS OFRECOVERY
= Vegetative/Physical X-section composition Woody recruitment Greenline to Greenline Width Bank Stability
e.g.
e.g.
e.g.
TempPools
e.g.
TTII
MMEE
ANNUALANNUALINDICATORS OFINDICATORS OFMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
= End-of-season condition= End-of-season conditionresidual vegetationresidual vegetationbank alterationbank alterationRecovery periodRecovery period3 - 5 - YEARS
INDICATORS OFRECOVERY
= Vegetative Greenline composition
= Water and Habitat Quality
DECADESDECADESINDICATORS OFRECOVERY
5 - 10 YEARS5 - 10 YEARSINDICATORS OFRECOVERY
= Vegetative/Physical X-section composition Woody recruitment Greenline to Greenline Width Bank Stability
e.g.
e.g.
e.g.e.g.
Temppools
e.g.
Match Objectives to Planning Timeline
TTII
MMEE
ANNUALANNUALINDICATORS OFINDICATORS OFMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
= End-of-season condition= End-of-season conditionresidual vegetationresidual vegetationbank alterationbank alterationRecovery periodRecovery period3 – 5+ - YEARS3 – 5+ - YEARS
INDICATORS OFINDICATORS OFRECOVERYRECOVERY
= Vegetative= Vegetative Greenline compositionGreenline composition
= Water and Habitat Quality
DECADESDECADESINDICATORS OFRECOVERY
5 – 10+ YEARSINDICATORS OFRECOVERY
= Vegetative/Physical X-section composition Woody recruitment Greenline to greenline width Bank Stability
e.g.
e.g.e.g.
e.g.e.g.
Temppools
e.g.
Match Objectives to Planning Timeline
TTII
MMEE
ANNUALANNUALINDICATORS OFINDICATORS OFMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
= End-of-season condition= End-of-season conditionresidual vegetationresidual vegetationbank alterationbank alterationRecovery periodRecovery period3 – 5+ - YEARS3 – 5+ - YEARS
INDICATORS OFINDICATORS OFRECOVERYRECOVERY
= Vegetative= Vegetative Greenline CompositionGreenline Composition
= Water and Habitat Quality
DECADESINDICATORS OFRECOVERY
5 – 10+ YEARS5 – 10+ YEARSINDICATORS OFINDICATORS OFRECOVERYRECOVERY
= Vegetative/Physical= Vegetative/Physical X-section compositionX-section composition Woody recruitmentWoody recruitment Greenline to greenline widthGreenline to greenline width Bank StabilityBank Stability
e.g.e.g.
e.g.e.g.
e.g.e.g.
Temp. or widthPool quality
e.g.
Match Objectives to Planning Timeline
NON-LINEAR TIMELINES
The power of drought – For allowing vegetation to encroach into a stream The power of Floods – For moving sediment, building banks, forming channels
The power of disturbance – for reinitiating succession
More generally successful than notGenerally successful
Early use
Short duration
Cool season
Riparian pasture
Rotate use areas and timing
Light to moderate use
Long recovery periods
Regrowth before winter
Jumpstart or occasional rest
Stutter deferred
More off-riparian water
Well scattered supplements/salt
Cleaned pastures and closed gates
PFC – Resilience
Select for hill climbers
Riding for animal placement
Yearlings
• Generally unsuccessful• Season-long use• Long season of use• Hot or dry growing season use• Giant pastures - upland objectives• Consistent seasonal use• Heavy use too often• Little time for regrowth• Late use• Annual use• Little woody recovery• Only riparian water• Salt on creeks• Stragglers• At risk or nonfunctional• Retain riparian dwellers• Little or no riding• Cow calf pairs
Core Grazing Management Principles
Avoid stress on important forage plants Moderate or lower utilization OR Graze for only a short period when plants
are growing (shorter when growing faster)
Provide long growing season recovery with no grazing before next use
Graze in a different season at next use
PFC in Documents
• Communicating with stakeholders• Purpose and need • Description of the existing environment• Selection of alternatives• Effects of proposed actions• Planning monitoring• Criteria for adapting management
» Desired Future Condition (DFC)Desired Future Condition (DFC)
PFCPFC does notdoes not equalequal
PFCPFC does notdoes not replacereplace»Legal Requirements, e.g., ESA, CWALegal Requirements, e.g., ESA, CWA
Supports
Supports
»Strategize appropriate monitoring
PFC HelpsPFC Helps»Understand what can be achieved
»Define/prioritize issues to address
»Select appropriate management practices
»Provide linkage between reach/watershed processes and habitat/water quality conditions
Communicate among stakeholders