1

The Periodic Table

Period

Group or family

PeriodProperties varyTotal of 7 periods

GroupHave similar propertiesTotal of 18 groups

MetalsNonmetals

Metalloids

Groups• The vertical columns on the periodic table are called

groups or families.– Groups are numbered 1-18 on the periodic table– Elements belonging to the same group have similar properties

Periods

• The horizontal row of elements on the periodic table are called periods or series.– Periods are numbered 1-7.– The closer two elements are to one another in a period, the more

similar their properties.

Pause for a CauseLearning Activity #1

Identify the element located in:a) Group 2 Period 4b) Group 17 Period 6c) Group 13 Period 2d) Group 10 Period 4e) Group 1 Period 1

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids can be located on the periodic table by knowing where to find the metalloid line!

Properties of Metals Conductive- metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Malleable- metals can be hammered into thin sheets

Ductile- can be drawn into thin wire

Tenacious- metals have high tensile strength and resist being pulled apart

Lustery- metals are recognized by their shine

Examples of Metals

Potassium, K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene Copper, Cu, is a relatively soft metal, and

a very good electrical conductor.

Mercury, Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature

Properties of Nonmetals

Carbon, the graphite in “pencil lead” is a great example of a nonmetallic element. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals tend to be brittle Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature

Examples of Nonmetals

Sulfur, S, was once known as “brimstone”

Microspheres of phosphorus, P, a reactive nonmetal

Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon, C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure

Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.

They have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity Some metalloids possess metallic luster

Properties of Metalloids

Silicon, Si – A Metalloid

Silicon has metallic luster Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity

Other metalloids include:

Boron, B Germanium, Ge Arsenic, As Antimony, Sb Tellurium, Te

Pause for a Cause Learning Activity #2

Tell whether each of the following elements is a metal, nonmetal, metalloid:

a) Siliconb) Chlorinec) Sodiumd) Irone) Antimonyf) Radong) Cesiumh) Sulfur

Have a silvery appearance and are soft enough to cut with a knife.

Not found in nature as free elements.

React violently with water

React with halogens to form salts

The Properties of a Group:

the Alkali Metals

 Harder, denser, and stronger than alkali metals.

Higher melting points than alkali metals.

Not found in nature as free elements.

The Properties of a Group:

the Alkaline-Earth Metals

 Good conductors of electricity and have a higher luster.

Less reactive than the alkali metals and the alkaline-earth metals

Some exist as free elements

The Properties of a Group:

the Transition Elements

 Most reactive nonmetals.

React with most metals to form salts.

The Properties of a Group:

the Halogens

17

Noble Gases – Group 18 Elements

• Unreactive• Gases at room

temperature• Neon, argon, krypton

and xenon are used in lighting

• Helium is used in balloons

Learning Activity #3The following questions refer to the following

elementsA. SodiumB. FluorineC. BoronD. Argon

1. Does not interact readily with other elements2. Reacts explosively with water3. Is classified as a halogen