1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory...
Transcript of 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory...
![Page 1: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
The Origin of Species
Chapter 22
![Page 2: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
The Origin of Life
Alexander Oparin and coacervates• Theory that extends evolution back to
the Earth’s beginning to explain how life began.
![Page 3: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Biological Species Concept
• Species – Individuals in the
population can mate and produce fertile offspring
– Individuals in different populations would mate and produce fertile offspring if they came in contact naturally.
3
Liger
![Page 4: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
The Nature of Species
• Two types of speciation:– Sympatric– Allopatric
Within species you also have subspecies.
![Page 5: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
There are two types:
1.Prezygotic isolating mechanismsoGeographic isolationoEcological isolationoBehavioral isolationoTemporal isolationoMechanical isolation
5
Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
![Page 6: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Behavioral isolation
Breeds Jan - March
Breeds late March - May
Temporal Isolation
![Page 7: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Mechanical Isolation
![Page 8: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms -
“Processes that prevent hybrid zygotes
from developing into normal, functioning,
fertile adults”.
8
Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
![Page 9: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1. How reproductively isolated are the species?
2. Difficult to apply to allopatric populations.
3. Doesn’t apply to asexual species.
9
Problems with the Biological Concept
Alternative:
Ecological Species Concept
![Page 10: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Geography of Speciation• Speciation is a 2-part process
– Initially identical populations must diverge– Reproductive isolation must evolve to
maintain these differences
10a. b. c.
![Page 11: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Isolated islandpopulation
of kingfishers
Isolated islandpopulation
of kingfishers
Mainlandpopulation
of kingfishers
Mainlandpopulation
of kingfishers
Isolated islandpopulation
of kingfishers
PACIFICOCEAN
NEWGUINEA
Allopatric Speciation
![Page 12: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sympatric speciation
12
![Page 13: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Speciation
Adaptive Radiation:• “Closely related
species that have recently evolved from a common ancestor by adapting to different parts of the environment”
13
Character Displacement:
• “Natural selection favors those individuals that use resources not used by other species”
![Page 14: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Adaptive Radiation
14
![Page 15: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Character Displacement
15
![Page 16: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Adaptive Radiation and Darwin’s finches
• Ancestors reached these islands before other land birds.
Ground finches Tree finchesVegetarian finch Warbler finches
16
![Page 17: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
The Pace of Evolution
![Page 18: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Speciation and Extinction
• Speciation, through time, has surpassed extinction
• Five mass extinctions have occurred.
18
![Page 19: 1 The Origin of Species Chapter 22. 2 The Origin of Life Alexander Oparin and coacervates Theory that extends evolution back to the Earth’s beginning.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649e415503460f94b332a0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Not all groups are affected equally by mass extinctions.
• Previously dominant groups may perish, changing the course of evolution.
• The 6th extinction is currently underway.
19
Speciation and Extinction