1 The Eastern Mediterranean Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section...

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The Eastern The Eastern MediterraneanMediterraneanSection 1:Section 1: Natural Natural

EnvironmentsEnvironments

Section 2:Section 2: History and History and CultureCulture

Section 3:Section 3: The Region The Region TodayToday

CHAPTER 20CHAPTER 20

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Objectives:Objectives:

What landforms and rivers are found What landforms and rivers are found in the eastern Mediterranean region?in the eastern Mediterranean region?

What climates, biomes, and natural What climates, biomes, and natural resources does the region have?resources does the region have?

Section 1 Section 1

Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments

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Landforms and Landforms and rivers:rivers:

Turkey—plains and hills; two Turkey—plains and hills; two mountain ranges; Anatolian Plateaumountain ranges; Anatolian Plateau

coastal plain in Syria, Lebanon, and coastal plain in Syria, Lebanon, and IsraelIsrael

rift valley, edged with hillsrift valley, edged with hills Jordan River, flows into Dead SeaJordan River, flows into Dead Sea Tigris and Euphrates RiversTigris and Euphrates Rivers

Section 1 Section 1


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Climates, biomes, and natural Climates, biomes, and natural resources:resources:

arid, semi-arid, and Mediterranean climatesarid, semi-arid, and Mediterranean climates distance from sea, elevation, rain shadows—distance from sea, elevation, rain shadows—

factors in temperature and rainfallfactors in temperature and rainfall evergreen forests once common, now mainly evergreen forests once common, now mainly

gonegone Syrian Desert—scarce plant and animal lifeSyrian Desert—scarce plant and animal life valuable minerals and energy—coal, copper, iron valuable minerals and energy—coal, copper, iron

ore, potash, magnesiumore, potash, magnesium

Section 1 Section 1


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How have various peoples and How have various peoples and empires influenced the eastern empires influenced the eastern Mediterranean?Mediterranean?

How did the modern state of Israel How did the modern state of Israel develop?develop?

What are the peoples and cultures of What are the peoples and cultures of the region like? the region like?

Section 2 Section 2

History and CultureHistory and Culture

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Peoples and empires:Peoples and empires: Several ancient empires occupied the area: Egyptian, Several ancient empires occupied the area: Egyptian,

Hittite, Persian.Hittite, Persian. Hebrews established kingdom and Judaism.Hebrews established kingdom and Judaism. Romans exiled Jews, then spread Christianity.Romans exiled Jews, then spread Christianity. Byzantine Empire brought growth of Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire brought growth of Eastern Orthodox

Church.Church. Arab Muslim armies occupied the area and spread Islam.Arab Muslim armies occupied the area and spread Islam. Crusades brought clashes between Muslims and Christians.Crusades brought clashes between Muslims and Christians. Ottoman Empire ruled the region by 1600s.Ottoman Empire ruled the region by 1600s.

Section 2 Section 2


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Development of Israel:Development of Israel: Zionist movement of late 1800s called for Jewish Zionist movement of late 1800s called for Jewish

homeland.homeland. Jews moved to Palestine after World War I.Jews moved to Palestine after World War I. Migration increased in 1930s and 1940s.Migration increased in 1930s and 1940s. U.N. divided Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in U.N. divided Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in

1947.1947. Israel declared independence in 1948.Israel declared independence in 1948. Israel gained territories through war—West Bank, Gaza Israel gained territories through war—West Bank, Gaza

Strip, Golan Heights.Strip, Golan Heights.

Section 2 Section 2


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Peoples and cultures:Peoples and cultures: main peoples—Arabs, Jews, Turks, Kurdsmain peoples—Arabs, Jews, Turks, Kurds religions—Islam, Judaism, Christianityreligions—Islam, Judaism, Christianity Members of same ethnic group may follow different religions—Members of same ethnic group may follow different religions—

e.g., Christian Arabs.e.g., Christian Arabs. Cultural identity may be distinct from religious identity.Cultural identity may be distinct from religious identity. urban-rural divide in Turkey—modern versus traditional urban-rural divide in Turkey—modern versus traditional

customscustoms Jewish religious law influences Israeli culture.Jewish religious law influences Israeli culture. Multiethnic influences in Israel reflect different national origins.Multiethnic influences in Israel reflect different national origins.

Section 2 Section 2


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On what activities do the eastern On what activities do the eastern Mediterranean economies rely?Mediterranean economies rely?

What are the cities of the region like?What are the cities of the region like? What challenges do the people of the What challenges do the people of the

region face?region face?

Section 3Section 3

The Region TodayThe Region Today

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Economic activities:Economic activities:

heavy reliance on agriculture; heavy reliance on agriculture; irrigation importantirrigation important

strong industrial base in Israel—high-strong industrial base in Israel—high-tech, diamond-cutting, chemicalstech, diamond-cutting, chemicals

carpets—key Turkish industrycarpets—key Turkish industry tourism—major industrytourism—major industry

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Cities:Cities:

rapid growthrapid growth cramped housing, traffic congestioncramped housing, traffic congestion ancient city centers, with souksancient city centers, with souks newer areas around centernewer areas around center war damages in some cities—Nicosia, war damages in some cities—Nicosia,

BeirutBeirut

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Challenges:Challenges:

status of the West Bank and Gaza status of the West Bank and Gaza StripStrip

Kurdish conflictKurdish conflict Islamic fundamentalism in TurkeyIslamic fundamentalism in Turkey Cyprus divisionCyprus division Palestinian refugees in JordanPalestinian refugees in Jordan environmental issues—water environmental issues—water

scarcity, overgrazingscarcity, overgrazing

Section 3Section 3


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