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The Academic Profession and the The Academic Profession and the Managerial University: An International Managerial University: An International
Comparative Study from JapanComparative Study from Japan
Akira Arimoto
Research Institute for Higher EducationHijiyama Univeristy
Turin, March 26-28, 2009
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Academic discipline
Social side
Cognitive sideMethodology
enquiry / research
Scientific frontier
・knowledge reconstruction
Research group
・Culture
・Climate
Social changes・globalization
・Knowledge society
・Economic pressures
Scientific socialization → Identity
National policy
Figure 3 Knowledge functions
KNOWLEDGE
Teaching group
university
society government
Figure 1 Knowledge functions
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Table 1 17 samples in CAP survey
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Table 1-1. Selecting key administrators
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Table 1-2. Choosing new faculty
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Table 1-3 How influential are you, personally, in helping to shape key academic policies?
(At the level of the department or similar unit)
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Table 1-4 (At the level of the faculty, school or similar unit)
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Table 1-5 (At the institutional level)
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Table 1-6 Top-level administrators are providing competent leadership
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Table 1-7 Lack of faculty involvement is a real problem
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Table 1-8 The administration supports academic freedom
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Table 1-9 The administration supports academic freedom
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Table 1-10 Number of universities by sector
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Table 4-1 Hours per week spend on administration
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7.35
5.84
9.87
7.04
5.43
7.65
10.45
8.20
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
German J apan UnitedKingdom
United States
19922007
Figure 4-1 Hours per week spend on administration (in session)
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7.47
3.97
7.86
5.49
4.40
5.80
9.47
7.06
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00
10.00
German J apan UnitedKingdom
United States
19922007
Figure 4-2 Hours per week spend on administration (not in session)
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Figure B1 How many hours do you spend on the following activities in a week?
0102030405060
UK US Can J ap Korea HK China Malay Brazil Mex
Teaching Research ServiceAdministration Other academic activities Average Hours 2007
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7.335.79
6.87
5.19
7.99 8.12
6.167.24
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00
Nat
iona
lR
esea
rch
・U
niv.
Nat
iona
lN
on-
・re
sear
ch U
niv.
Priva
teR
esea
rch
・U
niv.
Priva
teN
on-
・re
sear
ch U
niv.
19922007
Figure 4-3 Hours per week spend on administration (in session, Japan)
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教育と研究との両立は非常に難しい。
教育と研究との両立が非常に難しいか質問したところ、「全くそう思う」や「そう思う」の比率が日本において他の2か国に比べて有意に高くなっている(危険率 0.1%)。
図* 教育と研究の両立は困難
05
101520253035
全くそ
う思
う
そう
思う
どち
らと
も言
えな
い
そう
思わ
ない
全くそ
う思
わな
い
選択肢
%
独日本米
Figure 4-4 Difficulty of integration of teaching and research
日本=研究と教育の分離の進行
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44%55%
31%
70%63%
37%28%
72%
45%56%
46%54%
62%
39%
59%
41%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
%
UK Ger US J ap Korea HK Brazil Mex
country
Figure B2 Your preferences (1992)
Teaching Research
37%
63%
27%
64%58%
43%35%
65%
29%
71%
32%
68%
37%
63%53%
47% 52%47% 50%49%57%
38% 43%
58%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
%
UK Ger US Can J ap Korea HK China Malay Brazil Mex Argen
country
Figure B2 Your preferences (2007)
Teaching Research
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5.5%13.1%
3.5% 5.5% 12.2% 10.9%18.7% 22.0%
24.5%23.5%
24.0% 22.8%
32.2%22.3%
30.5%33.9%
49.1%44.6%
55.3% 57.3%40.3%
44.2%
39.6%34.4%
20.9% 18.9% 17.2% 14.4% 15.3% 22.6% 11.2% 9.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Primarily in teaching In both, but leaning towards teachingIn both, but leaning towards research Primarily in research
Figure 4-5 Regarding your own preferences, do your interests lie primarily in teaching or in research?
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
%
UK Ger US Can J ap Korea HK China Malay Brazil Mex Argen
country
Figure B2 Your preferences (2007)
Primarily in teaching In both, but leaning towards teaching In both, but leaning towards research Primarily in research
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Table 4-2. The degree to which each of the following affiliations is important to you.
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Figure 4-5 My academic discipline
1.47 1.501.35
1.551.43
1.72
1.28 1.38
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
1country and year
average
Germany(1992)" Germany(2007)" J apan(1992)"J apan(2007) UK(1992) UK(2007)US(1992) US(2007)
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Figure B7 Since you started your career, have the over all conditions in HEand research insitutes improved or declined? (improved in HE)
45.60%
8.50%
34.30%22.50%
60.90%
29.10%
11.00%
30.10%
13.10%13.20%
51.20%56.90%46.10%
14.50%
34.80%
15.10%
37.20%
0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%
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Figure B3 At this institution, how would you evaluate each of the following (% who say excellent or very good) 2007
0%20%40%60%80%
100%
UK US Can J ap Korea HK China Malay Brazil
ClassroomsTechnology for teachingLaboratoriesResearch equipment and instrumentsComputer facilitiesLibrary facilities and servicesYour office spaceSecretarial supportTelecommunications (Internet, networks, and telephones)Teaching support staffResearch support staffResearch funding
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Table 4-3 How would you rate your overall satisfaction with your current job?