1 System 2020: Research Grand Challenges in Computer Architecture Mary Jane Irwin Penn State...
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Transcript of 1 System 2020: Research Grand Challenges in Computer Architecture Mary Jane Irwin Penn State...
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System 2020:Research Grand Challenges in Computer Architecture
Mary Jane IrwinPenn State University
John ShenIntel
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MainframesMainframes
Mini’sMini’s
WorkstationsWorkstations
PC’sPC’s
??????Eniac
What is the next big thing ?
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What are the mega trends ?
1. Wired Wireless Telecommunication Internet/Computing
2. Patch-work Wireless Blanket Wireless3. Personal Computer Mobile Computer
Persistent/Transparent Computer4. Embedded vs. High-end
Convergence?5. Sever vs. Client Convergence?
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And anticipated usage models ?
Human-centric: Intelligent spaces
For work, education, leisure, entertainmentActive displays, sensory devices, immersive experience
Personal agentsFeature rich gadgets; useful real-time informationHighly mobile, roam seamlessly from space to space
Infrastructure-centric: Traditional server farms and data centers
Very large scale information fusion, storage, analysisCommunication and synchronization between spaces
Fabric for supporting human-centric usesProactively pushing information to roaming agentsSupport enormous number of distributed and roaming
“servers”
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The computing paradigm ala Nokia
3 ©2005 Nokia
Digital Convergence
Informationtechnology
Communication
Media andentertainment
Consumerelectronics
4 ©2005 Nokia
Digital convergence– “Mobile phone”view
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Connectedcamera
Mobilemusic
Mobile TV,Connected
enhancements
Connected gaming on
open platform
My Connected
Life
Arti sts
Optio n s Ba ck
Ala ni s Mo ri sse …Be etho ve nBrya n Ad amsE ri c Cla ptonL isa Lo e bNo rah J on es
Supposed former infat…1. Front Row 2. Baba 3. Thank U 4. Are You still mad
Under r ug swept1. 21 Things2. Narcissus 3. Hands Clean 4. Flinch 5. SoUnsexy
Arti sts
Optio n s Ba ck
Ala ni s Mo ri sse …Be etho ve nBrya n Ad amsE ri c Cla ptonL isa Lo e bNo rah J on es
Supposed former infat…1. Front Row 2. Baba 3. Thank U 4. Are You still mad
Under r ug swept1. 21 Things2. Narcissus 3. Hands Clean 4. Flinch 5. SoUnsexy
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What are the components of a GC?
A “grand” scale problem that will require at least a decade of concentrated research to make substantive progress1. that has a measurable outcomes/milestones,2. that will excite and engage the computer
architecture research community,3. and that is deserving of considerable
investment by funders because it will materially advance the capabilities and conduct of society.
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1W Featherweight Supercomputer
1. For the goal of 1TOP/W will need 250 to 1000X improvement in performance/W 1TOP/W = .001 nJ/op vs today’s ~30nJ/op
2. Architects are already engaged 3. Funding and impacts
societal impacts are clear and compelling: pervasive intelligent sensors, embedded supercomputing appliances, . . .
funding investments?
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Featherweight Challenges
power/energy reductions dynamic and leakage, HW/SW mode controls, . . .
technology issues (65nm45nm32nm) ↑ process variation, ↑ transient/aging faults,
advanced packaging (SoC MCP 3D), . . . design issues
cost, design time & tools, verification & test, . . . performance improvements
CMPs & SMT, heterogeneous cores, programmable accelerators, eDRAMs, NoCs, . . .
programmability . . .
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Popular Parallel Programming (P3)
1. Software and architecture support that makes parallel programming easy If 2X per 2 year perf. gains continue, will soon
have 1000-way chip-level parallelism
2. Architects are becoming engaged but can’t do the job alone need compiler, system & application developers
3. Funding and impacts a necessary enabling technology for future chips
(e.g., the 1W Featherweight Supercomputer) funding investments?
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P3 Challenges new programming languages/models
that are correct, efficient, scalable, portable, . . . that require minimal exposure of the
programmer to low-level details and that support multi-modal parallelism
data-parallel, embarrassingly parallel, irregularly parallel
microarchitecture support lightweight thread/process communication and
synchronization, monitoring for reliability and thermal hot spots, dynamic adaptation, . . .
development support benchmarks, prototyping platforms, tools for
debugging, performance tuning, . . .
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Dependable Systems
1. Self-healing, trustworthy hardware and software systems everywhere Low-cost computing you can trust your life on 2x improvement in mean work-to-failure per
generation Cost of ownership, vendor costs for liability/repair
2. Architects already engaged but can’t do the job alone A system stack problem – devices, circuits,
languages, OS, applications, dependability analysts
3. Funding and impacts The s/w problem alone is ~ 0.6% GDP of the US funding investments?
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Dependable Systems Challenges
Host of hardware reliability problems Transient, aging, infant mortality, variations,…
Software reliability, security getting worseSteep constraints
Area, power, perf (even for high-end systems)
Architects can provide low cost solutions Workload-aware, selective, fast, adaptive
Bring dependability to h/w-s/w interface Adapt to trade off reliability, security, perf, power Integrated cross-layer solution from devices to
app
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New Computing Models
1. Beyond the stored program architecture data flow? neural network?
2. “Expanding the box” for architects neuroscientists, biologists, chemists, . . .
3. Funding and impacts neuro-prosthetics, telepathy, . . . funding investments?
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“Brain” Challenges
High risk – but high payoff Neuroscientists are a long way from unraveling
the mysteries of the neocortex Take partial steps – augment certain brain
functions (hearing for the deaf, vision for the blind, mobility for the quadrapeligic),
Take advantage of emerging technologies Heterogeneous systems: silicon + nanosensors
and actuators, emerging nanotechnologies (CNT, QCAs, quantum, . . .)
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Watch for the final report
http://www.cra.org/Activities/grand.challenges/architecture/home.html
And check out the reports from the previous Grand Challenges conferences
http://www.cra.org/grand.challenges/