1. Synopsis of Polyamide 12 Grades and Properties...

Polyamide 12 1. Synopsis of Polyamide 12 Grades and Properties

2. Comparative Tables of Grades

Polyamide 12 Elastomers

Polyamide 612

Handling and Processing of VESTAMID

Content

3

VESTAMID Polyamid 12

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1 Synopsis of Polyamide 12 Grades and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.1 Synopsis of grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.1.1 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.1.2 Development products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.1.3 Supply and coloring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.1.4 Tables of characteristics and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.2 General properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.2.1 Physiological and toxicological evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.2.2 Environment and ecological safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.2.3 Short-term influence of temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.2.4 Long-term properties of PA 12 under mechanical load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.2.5 Resistance of PA 12 against heat, radiation, and chemical attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1.2.6 Abrasion and frictional properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2 Comparative Tables of Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2.1 Unfilled PA 12 compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2.2 Plasticized PA 12 compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.3 Filled, reinforced and flame retardant containing PA 12 compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2.4 Permanently antistatic and electrically conductive PA 12 compounds . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Directory

Introduction

4

Introduction

Degussa’s High Performance Polymers Business Unit manufactures a range ofcompounds of polyamide 12 (PA 12), polyamide 612 (PA 612) and polyamideelastomers (PEBA1)) which are suppliedunder the registered trademark VESTAMID.

The PA 12 compounds are described in this part of the VESTAMID brochure, whereas the other two product families are the subject of the brochures “Polyamide 12 Elastomers” and “Polyamide 612”, respectively. For information about the processing of the polyamide compounds, refer to VESTAMID bochure “Handling and Processing ofVESTAMID.”

Starting from butadiene, Degussa manu-factures laurolactam, the monomer for PA 12, in a multi-step process, which is then con-verted by means of a polycondensation reaction into PA 12:

- [NH-(CH2)11-CO]n-NH-(CH2)11-CO -

Several well defined cyclic intermediates are commercialized as a feedstock for the syn-thesis of organic substances, too.

The (carbon)amide groups (-CO-NH-) in poly-amides are responsible for the formation of hydrogen bonds between the macromole-cular chains. The hydrogen bonds contribute to the crystallinity and increase the strength, the melting point and the chemical resistance. These properties are the characteristics for all semicrystalline polyamides.

The concentration of amide groups is the lowest in PA 12 compared to any othercommercially available polyamide, and this determines the specific properties of PA 12. Hence, PA 12 is distinguished for its properties as follows:

the lowest water absorption of all com-mercially available polyamides, resul ting in properties which vary little with changing humidity and in moldings with virtually unchanged dimensions

exceptional impact and notched impact strengths, in both dry as molded stateand at temperatures well below thefreezing point

good to excellent resistance against greases, oils, fuels, hydraulic fluids,various solvents, salt solutions and etc.

exceptional resistance to stress cracking, including metal parts encapsulated by injection molding or embedded

exceptional abrasion resistance low coefficient of sliding friction, in dry

running against steel, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyacetal, and othermaterials

noise and vibration damping properties superb fatigue resistance under high

frequency cyclical loading condition high processability

The properties of PA 12 compounds can be modified to suit the requirements of many applications by incorporating various additives such as stabilizers, plasticizers, reinforcements, and fillers.

Many of the PA 12 compounds are suitable especially for the injection molding ofprecision parts; others have been developed specifically for the extrusion process.

Like all high-performance plastics by the High Performance Polymers Business Unit, VESTAMID compounds satisfy the highest qualitystandards. Our quality assurance system is certified according to ISO 9001 and QS 9000. Throughout the years, numerous customers have cond ucted quality assessments and concluded that the Quality Management System is highly recommendable.

1) PEBA = Poly Ether Block Amide, according to ISO 1043 or DIN 7728, both part 1.

5

SynopsisThe PA 12 compounds by High Performance Polymers cover a wide variety of products designed to meet different requirements from processors and end-users. The following tables give a characterization of the most important resins together with their typical applications. Detailed technical information is given in the com parative property tables in Section 2 for most compounds. Specific data sheets for the other compounds can be requested from the Technical Marketing Department of High Performance Polymers.

Other properties of VESTAMID compounds and material information on the otherproducts of the High Performance Polymers Business Unit are contained in the plastics database CAMPUS® 2), which is updated regularly. You will find CAMPUS on theInternet at www.degussa-hpp.com

1.1.1 Nomenclature

VESTAMID compounds are divided by name into commercial and development products. The commercial products are supplied with a defined formulation and a broadly accepted constant quality, identified by a systematic nomenclature. The formulation of develop-ment grades can be changed in order to optimize its performance for any specific application (see 1.1.2).

Numerous commercial compounds areidentified according to the following system: The registered trademark VESTAMID is fol-lowed by an upper-ease letter, indicating the polyamide base and a four digit number, e.g., VESTAMID L2140. L indicates laurolactam,the monomer of PA 12. The first two digits represent the ten-fold product of the relative solution viscosity of the base polymer, measured according to ISO 307 solved inm-cresol. The relative solution viscosity3), inthe above example 2.1, together with the knowledge of the con centration (approxi -m ately 0.5 g/100 ml), allows the viscosity number to be calculated as 220 ml/g.

Degussa prefers solution viscosity as the characterization for the molecular mass of polyamides. Melt rates (MFR; MVR) are not specified, because polyamides have to be considered as a kind of “living” polymer under the test conditions; so even minimal water contents of the compound might lead to widely scattering, non reproducible valuesof melt rates, whereas a similar concentration of moisture would not affect the solution viscosity at all. For a particular grade, thehigher the first two numbers, the higher the molecular mass and the melt viscosity are.

The third digit indicates a modification by means of an additive, and signifies the follo-wing:

0 No additives – basic polyamides.Basic products differ only in theirmolecular mass, e.g., L1600 and L1901.

2 Plasticized products, which additionally

contain stabilizers, e.g., L2124 and L2128.

3 Products containing reinforcements or fillers, such as glass fibers or glass micro-beads and stabilizers, e.g., L1930. Besidesthe tensile strength, reinforcement with carbon or glass fibers also increases the heat deflection temperature under load. This method of modification has been partially transferred to the new nomen-clature (see next page).

4 Product containing stabilizers and ifnecessary, processing aids, e.g., L1940 or L2141.

5 Product containing molybdenum disul-phide and stabilizers, e.g., L1950.

6 Products containing graphite and stabili-zers, e.g., L1660.

1.1 Synopsis of grades

2 Campus® is the registered trademark of CWF GmbH/Frankfurt (Main).

3 Relative solution viscosity: ηrel = t/t0; t = flow time of solution and t0 = flow time of the pure solvent.Viscosity number: VN = (ηrel -1) /c, where c is the concentration in g/100 ml

1 Synopsis of Polyamide 12 Grades and Properties

6

The fourth digit is for differentiation pur -poses within a group of modifications.VESTAMID L2140 and L2141 differ only inthe nature of stabilization. For the plasticized compounds, the level of plasticizer is denoted by an increasing fourth digit.

A new nomenclature has been introduced, which is based on now commonly usedISO 1874-1. It offers more possibilities to differentiate between related compounds,e.g., those containing fillers.

The letters used here have the following meaning:

B spherical shaped fillers – microbeadsC carbon, graphiteD powdered or milled additivesF fiberFR flame retardantG glass(H) I (high) impact modifiedP plasticizedR surface resistance/permanently anti-

staticE extrusion gradeM injection molding grade

The concentration for a filler or reinforcement is indicated in weight percent after its identifi-cation letter. For permanently antistatic grades, the letter “R” is followed by the exponent ofthe average surface resistance, e.g., R3 meansa surface resistance of 103 Ohms.

1.1.2 Development products

Development products are usually designed for a specific application. When the product is introduced into the market, findings and feed -back from the customers improve work. Consequently, a change in the formulation or manufacturing process may lead to some slight changes in the products properties.The customers will be informed immediately about any measures or modifications to the material composition, and how the influence is onto the quality or specification of the product itself.

PA 12 development grades are identified by the letters LX or X, followed by a four digit registration number. These four digits, however, do not contain any information, neither on the composition nor the properties.

1.1.3 Supply and coloring

VESTAMID compounds are delivered as a dry, ready-to-process granulate in moisture-proof bags with a net weight of 25 kg. By mutual agreement we also deliver VESTAMID in 1,000 kg octabins. The storage time of unopened packaging is almost unlimited under ordinary storage conditions, unless the packaging is damaged. The storage temperature should not exceed 45 °C, especially in the case of plasti-cized resins. If plasticized compounds are subjected to higher temperatures for longer periods, plasticizers may migrate on the surface of the granules to some extent.

Like all other semicrystalline polyamides, VESTAMID appears colorless in themelt and whitish opaque in the solid state (natural color). VESTAMID may be coloredupon request, unless the limitation is imposed by the presence of special additives. Most compounds are supplied either in natural or black color. Others will exhibit the inherently specific color due to the additive used (e.g. , permanently antistatic compounds).

Some compounds are supplied in a rangeof standard colors. Special colors are availablefor large orders. In all cases, lead- and cad-mium-free pigments are used. Additional information can be obtained from the Sales Department of High Performance Polymers.

VESTAMID compounds can also be colored during processing. The preferred method isthe application of a pigment concentrate based on PA 12. Dry coloring by tumblingwith finely powdered pigments is another possibility, but is inconvenient. Pneumatic conveyance is then ruled out. The use of color pastes or color concentrates consisting of a “neutral” base can lead to the incompatibility with PA 12 and hence results in poor parts properties (e.g., inferior weld line strengthor streakiness); preliminary testing for com-patibility is therefore absolutely essential.

For additional information and support,please contact our Technical Marketing Department.

Synopsis

7

1.1.4 Tables of characteristics and applications

VESTAMID Foot- Designation Characterization Processing Tensile Applications examples

notes acc. to ISO 1874-1: modulus

[MPa]

L1600 1 PA12, XN, 12-010 Basic PA12 polymer, low-viscosity I, E, C 1300 Manufacturing of additive batches

for coloring, stabilization or

processing aids

L1700 1 PA12, XN, 14-010 Basic PA12 polymer, low-viscosity I, E, C 1300 Manufacturing of additive batches


processing aids

L1901 1 PA12, XN, 18-010 Basic PA12 polymer, medium-viscosity I, E, C 1300 Manufacturing of additive batches


processing aids

L1670 2 PA12, KHL, 12-010 Low-viscosity, heat- and light-stabilized, I, E 1400 Wire insulations, coils, secondary coating

with processing aid of optical fibers

X7377 sw 1,3 PA12, HHL, 12-020 Low-viscosity, heat- and light-stabilized, E 1650 Extrusion coating of metal tubing

adhesion promoter

L1940 2 PA12, KH, 18-010 Medium-viscosity, heat-stabilized, with I, E 1400 Loose tubing for optical fibers,

processing aid sheathing for steel wire cables

X7373 2 PA12, MHR,18-010N Medium-viscosity, heat-stabilized, nucleated, I 1500 Filter housings, valve housings,

very short cycle time bushings

L1950 sw 1,3 PA12, MHS, 18-020 Medium-viscosity, heat-stabilized, I 1550 Guide rails, slide bushings, trip cams

reduced friction and wear trough

molybdenum disulphide modification

L2101F 2 PA12, F, 22-010 High-viscosity, steam sterilizable E 1400 Films for packaging applications, catheter

L2106F 2 Not applicable High-viscosity, improved E 1300 Flexible tubular film for sausage

transparency, modified by co-monomers casings

L2140 2 PA12, EHL, 22-010 High-viscosity, heat- and light-stabilized, with E 1400 Fuel lines, tubing for car window lifts,

processing aid sheathing for steel cables,

semi-finished articles

L2170 2 PA12, EHL, 22-010 High-viscosity, heat- and highly light-stabilized, E 1400 UV-stable and termite-resistant cable

with processing aid sheathing

L2141 sw 2, 3 PA12, EHL, 22-010 High-viscosity, higher heat stability than L2140, E 1500 Tubing for hydraulic clutches,

light-stabilized, with processing aid vacuum lines

LX9008 2 PA12-HI, EHL, 22-010 High-viscosity, heat- and light-stabilized, E 1450 Tubing for diesel fuel lines permanently

impact-modified, excellent long-term exposed to higher temperatures

heat resistant

Table 1: Unfilled PA 12 compounds

1) Specific data sheet available upon request2) For detailed data refer to Section 2, “Comparative Tables of Grades” 3) sw = black

I = Injection moldingE = ExtrusionC = CompoundingR = Rotational molding

8

Synopsis VESTAMID Foot- Designation Characterization Processing Tensile Applications examples


[MPa]

L1723 2 PA12-P, MHLR, 14-004 Low-viscosity, plasticized, heat-stabilized, I 450 Cable ties, fastening elements

with mold release

L2121 2 PA12-P, EHL, 22-007 High-viscosity, plasticized, heat- and light- E 700 Fuel, vacuum and hydraulic lines,

stabilized, with processing aid steel cable sheathing

L2122 2 PA12-P, EHL, 22-005 High-viscosity, plasticized, heat- and light- E 490 Fuel, vacuum and hydraulic lines,

stabilized, with processing aid steel cable sheathing

X7393 2 PA12-HIP, EHL, 22-005 High-viscosity, plasticized, heat- and E 570 Air brake tubing acc. to

light-stabilized DIN 73378/74324 and ISO 7628,

Type PA 12-PHLY, for higher working

pressure

L2124 2 PA12-P, EHL, 22-004 High-viscosity, plasticized, heat- and E 400 Fuel, vacuum and hydraulic lines,

light-stabilized, with processing aid sheathing of steel cables

L2123 2 PA12-P, EHL, 22-004 High-viscosity, plasticized, heat- and light- E 370 Tubing and coils for air brake lines,

stabilized, with processing aid, increased low- with high cold impact strength,

temperature impact strength meets SAE J844, ISO 7628, and

DIN 74323/74324

X7293 2 PA12-HIP, EHL, 22-004 High-viscosity, plasticized, heat- and light- E 400 Fuel, vacuum and hydraulic lines; tubing

stabilized, with processing aid, increased low- for air brake lines, meets DIN 73378,

temperature impact strength 74324, ISO 7628, SAE J844

LX9013 2 PA12-HIP, EHL, 22-004 High-viscosity, plasticized, heat- and light- E 400 Flexible tubing for diesel fuel lines

stabilized, impact-modified, excellent long- permanently exposed to higher

term heat resistant temperatures

L2128 2 PA12-P, EHL, 22-002 High-viscosity, highly plasticized, I, E 230 Very flexible tubing and hose for

heat- and light-stabilized, with pneumatic systems, sheathing of

processing aid cables

Table 2: Plasticized PA 12 compounds

2) Refer to Section 2, “Comparative Tables of Grades” for details

I = Injection moldingE = ExtrusionR = Rotational molding

9

VESTAMID Foot- Designation Characterization Processing Tensile Applications examples


[MPa]

L-GF15 2 PA12, MHR, 16-040, GF15 15% chopped strands, medium-viscosity, I 3900 Gear box housing for electric car window

heat-stabilized, with processing aid lifts

L1833 2 PA12, MHR, 16-050, GF23 23% chopped strands, medium-viscosity, I 5000 Quick connectors for fuel lines

heat-stabilized, with processing aid

LX9105 2 PA12, MH, 18-050, GF23 23% chopped strands, medium-viscosity, I 5300 Quick connectors for diesel fuel line

heat-stabilized, excellent long-term heat systems exposed to high thermal loads

resistant

L-GF30 2 PA12, MHR, 18-070, GF30 30% chopped strands, medium-viscosity, I 6500 Bearing cups for windshield wipers


LX9111 2 PA12, MH, 16-070, GF30 30% chopped strands, medium-viscosity, I 6500 Quick connectors for diesel fuel line

heat-stabilized, long-term heat resistant systems exposed to high thermal loads

L1930 2 PA12, MHR, 18-040, GD30 30% milled glass fibers, medium-viscosity, I 4000 Gear wheels, castors, pump parts, sliding

heat-stabilized, with processing aid bearings, parts of fittings

L-GB30 2 PA12, MHR, 16-020, GB30 30% glass microbeads, medium-viscosity, I 2000 Precision-molded parts with isotropic

heat-stabilized, with processing aid shrinkage, e.g., housings for gears,

control valves and mechanical counters,

pump impellers

L-CF15 sw 2,3,5 PA12, MHR, 16-080, CF15 15% carbon fibers, medium-viscosity, I 8000 Applications for sports gear, very stiff

heat-stabilized, with processing aid housings, medical components

X7166 2 PA12, KFH, 12-020 Low-viscosity resin with flame retardant, I, E 1800 Wire insulation

free of halogen and phosphorus, UL 94-V0/V2,

with processing aid

X7167 2 PA12, EFH, 22-020 High-viscosity resin with flame retardant, E 1700 Profiles for interior trim in aircraft

free of halogen and phosphorus, UL 94-V0/V2,

with processing aid

X7229 2 PA12-P, EFH, 22-010 Plasticized, high-viscosity resin with flame E 1000 Profiles, tubes

retardant, free of halogen and phosphorus,

UL 94-V2, meets FAR 25.853b

LX9104 1 PA12-HIP, EFH, 22-010 Plasticized, high-viscosity resin with flame E 800 Profiles, (corrugated) tubes

retardant, free of halogen, UL 94-V0, increased

low-temperature impact strength

Table 3: Filled, reinforced and flame retardant containing PA 12 compounds

1) Specific data sheet available upon request2) For detailed data refer to Section 2,

“Comparative Tables of Grades”3) sw = black5) Permanently antistatic, refer to Table 4

I = Injection moldingE = Extrusion

Synopsis

10

VESTAMID Foot- Designation Characterization Processing Tensile Insulation Applications examples

notes acc. to ISO 1874-1: modulus resistivity 6)

[MPa] [Ω]

L-R1-MHI sw 2, 3 PA12-HI, MHZ, 16-020 Medium-viscosity, heat- and light-stabilized, I 1600 10 1

increased low-temperature impact

strength, with processing aid







L-R7-MHI sw 2, 3 PA12-HI, MHZ, 16-010 Medium-viscosity, heat- and light-stabilized, I 1400 10 6 –10 9

L-R9-MHI sw 2, 3 PA12-HI, MHZ, 16-010 increased low-temperature impact I 1400 10 8–10 11

strength, with processing aid. Especially

designed for parts meeting DIN EN 50014

X3500 sw 1, 3 PA12-HIP, MHZ, 16-007 Medium-viscosity, heat- and light-stabilized, I 700 10 4–10 7

plasticized, increased low-temperature

impact strength

L-R3-EI sw 2, 3 PA12-HI, EHZ, 22-010 High-viscosity, heat- and light-stabilized, E 1500 10 3



L-R3-EP sw 2, 3 PA12-P, EHZ, 22-007 High-viscosity, plasticized, E 800 10 3

heat- and light-stabilized

L-R2-GF25 sw 2, 3 PA12, MHZ, 18-060, GF25 Medium-viscosity, 25% chopped strands, I 6500 10 2

heat- and light-stabilized

L-CF15 sw 2, 3, 6 PA12, MHR, 16-080, CF15 15% carbon fibers, medium-viscosity, I 8000 10 4


X7380 sw 2, 3, 7 PA12-HI, MHZ, 16-050, GF23 Medium-viscosity, 23% chopped strands, I 5400 10 7 Quick connectors in

heat- and light-stabilized, increased conductive fuel lines

impact strength

LX9107 sw 2, 3 PA12, MHLZ, 16-070 Reinforced, medium-viscosity, conductive, I 9500 10 4 Conductive quick

heat- and weathering-stabilized connectors

LX9102 sw 2, 3, 8 PA12-HIP, EHLZ, 22-005 Conductive high-viscosity, plasticized, E 600 10 4 Electrically conductive

heat- and light-stabilized, with processing tubings

aid, increased low-temperature impact strength

Table 4: Permanently antistatic and electrically conductive PA 12 compounds

1) Specific data sheet available upon request2) For detailed data refer to Section 2, “Comparative Tables of Grades”3) sw = black6) Determined on test specimen acc. to DIN EN 50014;

corresponds to ROE acc. to DIN 53 482: 19837) Refer to Table 68) Refer to Table 5

I = Injection moldingE = Extrusion

Antistatic and electrically conductive moldings or extrudates for use in areas prone to explosions suchas coal mining and other industries; e.g., housingsfor explosion-protected measuring equipmentor for electric switches, ventilation fans for electric motors, chair castors, loud-speaker boxes, telephone and radio equipment, profiles for guide rails in assembly lines in the elec-tronics industry.Also with electric shock protection.

11

VESTAMID Foot- Designation Characterization Tensile Applied in multilayer tubing

notes acc. to ISO 1874-1: modulus system of type

[MPa]

X7293 PA12-HIP, EHL, 22-004 High-viscosity, plasticized, heat- and light-stabilized, 400 140, 2000

LX9002 PA12-HIP, EHL, 22-004 with processing aid, increased low-temperature 400 2030, 2040

LX9010 PA12-HIP, EHL, 22-004 impact strength 400 1000

X7395 sw 3 PA12-HIP, EHLZ, 22-005 Electrically conductive, high-viscosity, plasticized, 580 2040.1, inner layer

LX9102 sw 3 PA12-HIP, EHLZ, 22-005 heat- and light-stabilized, with processing aid, 600 2040.2, inner layer

increased low-temperature impact strength

LX9109 sw 3, 9 PA12-HIP, EHLZ, 22-007 High-viscosity, plasticized, conductive, 650 140.3

heat- and weathering-stabilized

X7344 Not applicable Adhesion resin – 2000

Table 5: Special PA 12 compounds for the extrusion of multilayer tubing (MLT) for fuel lines 9)

3) sw = black9) Specific product information and data sheets of MLT systems

and resins available upon request

VESTAMID Foot- Designation Characterization Tensile Applications examples


[MPa]

X7373 2 PA12, MHR,18-010N Medium-viscosity, heat- stabilized, nucleated, very 1500 Filter housings, valve housings,

short cycle time bushings, tubing connectors

L1833 2 PA12, MHR, 16-050, GF23 23% chopped strands, medium-viscosity, heat- 5000 Quick connectors for mono

stabilized, with processing aid and multilayer fuel lines

L-GF30 2 PA12, MHR, 18-070, GF30 30% chopped strands, medium-viscosity, heat- 6500 Quick connectors for mono

stabilized, with processing aid and multilayer fuel lines

X7380 sw 2, 3 PA12-HI, MHZ, 16-050, GF23 Medium-viscosity, 23% chopped strands, heat- 5400 Quick connectors for electri-

LX9106 sw 1, 3 and light-stabilized, increased impact strength cally MLT types 140, 2040

Table 6: Special PA 12 compounds for the manufacture of connectors for fuel and vapor lines or other automotive tubingapplications

1) Specific data sheets available upon request2) For detailed data refer to Section 2, “Comparative Tables of Grades”3) sw = black

Properties

12

The Environment, Health & Safety Depart -ment, which is responsible for the High Performance Polymers Business Unit, provides general information on the toxicologicalprop erties of VESTAMID compounds andrelevant analysis pertaining to their contact with foodstuffs. The department is alsoresponsible for providing information about product safety and producing the EC Safety Data Sheets for VESTAMID. Please direct all questions on the subject to our Technical Marketing Depart ment.

With the harmonization of European lawsand ordinances, new regulations have come into effect regarding plastics intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Our basic VESTAMID grades from our PA 12 range have been approved by the European Union for direct contact with foodstuffs, since laurolac-tam, the fundamental monomer of VESTAMID, was positively listed in EU Directive 2002/72/EC. It imposed a migration value limit of 5 mg per kilogram for laurolactam, which must be tested on the finished article itself and be kept within limits there.

The European Union is not yet finished with its survey of plastics additives. Here, one must fall back on national regulations. Thus, in Germany, the recommendations of the Federal Institute for Consumer Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine (BgVV) must also be taken into account. The BgVV recommendati-ons will be valid until European regulations cover plastics additives.

In accordance with 21CFR, §177.1500, “Nylon Resins”, US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approval for nylon-12 is only valid for films up to a thickness of 0.0016 inches (i.e., 40 µm). This approval covers the basic products L1600, L1800, L1901, L2101F, and L2140B. However, the restrictions stated in specification b(9)(e.g., non-alcoholic food or beverages; heat sterilization at temperature not exceeding120 °C) have to be observed.

For medical applications, the Europeanapproval procedure is laid down in Directive 93/42/EEC. The national implementation of this Directive into German law is the Medizin-produktegesetz (Medical Products Act) of August 1994. The detailed procedure tobe followed is described in the pertinent inter-national and national standards (e.g., ISO 10993, DIN EN 30993-1). The DAB monographs (German Pharmacopoeia, current edition)or those of the Eur. Pharmacopoeia (current edition 1998) can be used as supplementary regulatory works to make the decision inspecial cases.

In cases of doubt, the moldings or semi-finished products must be investigated bythe manufacturer or user, taking the relevant conditions of use into consideration. Our Technical Marketing Department can provide you information about its experiences with various approval processes.

1.2 General properties

1.2.1 Physiological and toxicological evaluation

13

VESTAMID compounds are non-hazardousand not harmful to water. They are not subject to any particular safety regulations. Disposal can be done by land filling or incineratingto gether with normal household rubbish,provided that local ordiances permit this. Further information can be ob tained fromthe Material Safety Data Sheet for VESTAMID. Reprocessing is however preferable and isalso of interest for economic reasons.

No dangerous by-products are formed if VESTAMID is processed properly (see brochure “Handling and Processing of VESTAMID”). Care should be taken, however, to ventilate the working area properly as it is required when processing thermoplastics—especially for compounds containing flame retardants or plasticizers.

Compounds containing flame retardants do not contain any brominated biphenyls or diphenylethers. In addition, grades with flame retardants free of halogen or phosphorous compounds can be supplied.

No pigments or additives containing cad-mium are used.

Degradation of the material during process-ing is shown by a discoloration of the melt. Degraded material should be quickly removed from the machine and cooled under waterin order to minimize any troublesome odors or fumes.

Most VESTAMID grades can burn. At melttemperatures above 350 °C, flammable gases will be released. Combustion in excess airproduces CO, CO2, H2O and nitrogen contain-ing compounds as end products. Since the spectrum of crack and combustion products is highly dependent on the combustionconditions, it is not possible to make any general statements here.

1.2.2 Environment and ecological safety

14

1234

1234

104

103

102

101

100 10-3

10-2

10-1

101

-200 -160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160

100

1 = VESTAMID L21402 = VESTAMID L21213 = VESTAMID L21224 = VESTAMID L2124

Temperature [˚C]

Sto

rag

e m

od

ulu

s G

' [M

Pa]

Loss

fact

or t

an δ

Figure 1: Storage modulus G´ and loss factor tan δ as a function of temperatureacc. to ISO 6721

An initial overview of the temperature depen-dence of the mechanical properties of rigid, (i.e., non-plasticized, non-reinforced) VESTAMID compounds can be obtained from the curves for storage modulus and loss factor, tan δ, as derived from torsional oscillation analyses

(refer to Figures 1 and 2). The Figures 3 and 4 show the thermal expansion coefficients of a basic product and compare them with a plas-ticized and a fiberglass-reinforced or milled-fiberglass-reinforced compound.

1.2.3 Short term influence of temperature

Properties

15

123

123

104

103

102

101

100 10-3

10-2

10-1

101

-200 -160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160

100

1 = VESTAMID L21402 = VESTAMID L19303 = VESTAMID L-GF30

Sto

rag

e m

od

ulu

s G

' [M

Pa]

Temperature [˚C]

Loss

fact

or t

an δ

Figure 2: Storage modulus G´ and loss factor tan δ as a function of temperature acc. to ISO 6721

Properties

16

10

-10

-100 -50 0 50 100 150

-15

-5

0

5

15

20

3 4

12

1 = VESTAMID L21402 = VESTAMID L21243 = VESTAMID L19304 = VESTAMID L-GF30

Temperature [˚C]

Ther

mal

exp

ansi

on

ε th

[‰]

Figure 3: Thermal expansion acc. to ISO 11359Molded test specimens of 45 x 15 x 10 mm

17

-100 -50 0 50 100 150

1

2

1 = VESTAMID L21402 = VESTAMID L21243 = VESTAMID L19304 = VESTAMID L-GF30

3

4

Co

effic

ien

t o

f th

erm

al e

xpan

sio

n α

[10-4

K-1

]

Temperature [˚C]

2.5

0.5

0

1

1.5

2

3

3.5

Figure 4: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion acc. to ISO 11359Molded test specimens of 45 x 15 x 10 mm

Properties

18

At high temperatures, creep occurs, especially in the case of non-reinforced thermoplastics subjected to stress. Although PA 12 performs relatively well under these conditions, the designer must take into consideration that under continuous load the long-term creep modulus is reduced compared with the short-term tensile modulus. On the other hand,this means that, under continuous strain,the resulting stress and force are reduced gradually.

Usually the creep resistance is determined with an uniaxial tensile creep test accordingto ISO 899, under different loads and tempera-tures. Figures 5–22 show the creep curves and creep modulus curves at room temperature, 60 and 100 °C, respectively, for somerepresentative VESTAMID grades. By usingthe regression analysis method, the test results are linearized into creep curves. With these curves, it is possible to calculate the stress-strain curves, stress-time curves and creepmodulus curves.

The incorporation of reinforcing fibers (glassor carbon fibers) reduces the creep in the orientation direction of the fibers, while the incorporation of plasticizers increases the tendency to creep. Thermoplastics containing volatile plasticizers will lose them graduallyat higher temperatures. This leads to a con-traction that is superimposed on theelongation caused by the applied stress.

If the creep curves are linear, with medium strains at corresponding stresses, it is normally possible to extrapolate the curves to aboutten times the test duration, provided that no harsh environment (weathering, UV-light,hot air, hot water or chemicals) exists.For many VESTAMID resins values up to10,000 hours have been measured.

Details and data about the measurements can be requested from the Technical Marketing Department of High Performance Polymers.

PA 12 under mechanical load

1.2.4 Long-term properties of

19

Figure 5: Test climate 23 °C/50% r.h.

Figure 6: Test climate 60 °C


101

100

10-1

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

Stra

in ε

[%]

Tensile creep curves

108.57.56.5

5

3.5

2.52

101

100

10-1

Stra

in ε

[%]


7.56.5

5

3.5

2.521.5

1

0.5

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

102

101

100

Stra

in ε

[%]


7.576.56

5

4

32.52

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

VESTAMID L2140Tensile creep test according to ISO 899

20



Properties

25

10

103

102

101

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]

Tensile creep modulus curves

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]


103

102

101

1.57.5

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]


103

102

101

2

4

5

6

7.5

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]



21




101

100

10-1

54.543.532.521.5

1

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]


Stra

in ε

[%]


101

100

10-1

54.5

43.532.521.5

1

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

Stra

in ε

[%]


101

100

10-1

54.543.532.52

1.5

1

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]


22



Properties

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]


103

102

101

5

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

103

102

101

11.54

5

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]


100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]


103

102

101

15

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]



23




Stra

in ε

[%]


101

100

10-1

5552.55047.54542.5403530

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

Stra

in ε

[%]


101

100

10-1

3532.53027.52522.52017.515

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

Stra

in ε

[%]


101

100

10-1

3027.52522.52017.515

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

VESTAMID L-GF30Tensile creep test according to ISO 899

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]


104

103

102

3055

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

24



Properties

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]


104

103

102

15

35

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

Cre

ep m

od

ulu

sEc

[MPa

]


104

103

102

15

100 101 102 103 104

Time [h]

Load

[MPa

]

VESTAMID L-GF30Tensile creep test according to ISO 899


25

For thermoplastics to perform optimally over long periods within aggressive environments (UV radiation, hot air, etc.), it is necessary to incorporate the appropriate stabilizers.

Heat agingAppropriate heat stabilizers improve the long- term performance of polyamides when used in air under higher temperatures. Except for some special products, all VESTAMID com-pounds are usually equipped with an opti-

mized stabilization package. To give a compa-rative measure for the continuous tempera-ture loading that a plastic can withstand, itis subjected to a heat aging test accordingto IEC 216 at several temperature steps. The moment at which a critical property falls to a defined limit (usually to 50% of its initial value) is then determined. The corresponding time-temperature combinations obtained with these methods are extrapolated to 20,000 hours (or another period) to produce the temperature index TI (see Figure 23).

60 72 84 97 112 127 144 152

105

3.00 2.90 2.80 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.40 2.30

L2141 sw 9.7504

L2140 sw 9.7504

104

103

102

[˚C]

VESTAMID unstabilized

1/T [10-3K-1]

Exp

osu

re t

ime

[h]

Figure 23: Temperature-time limits acc. to IEC 216; sw = blackCriterion: Drop of strain at break to 50% (tensile test acc. to ISO 527)

1.2.5 Resistance of PA 12 against heat, radiation, and chemical attack

26

Moreover, a number of VESTAMID compounds are UL-listed according to UL746 B for the relative temperature index (RTI). The latter represents the long-term performance over approximately 60,000 hours. Details can be found in the specific product information “Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listings for thermoplastic resins by Degussa AG”.Specific queries about chemical resistanceat higher temperatures can be addressed to the Technical Marketing Department of High Performance Polymers.

U.V. resistanceExposure to short-wave light of wavelengths less than 400 nm causes an accelerated decrease in molecular mass, leading to the embrittlement of moldings or semi-finished products. This deterioration can be reduced substantially by adding light stabilizers. UV absorbers and/or radical scavengers improve weathering performance remarkably. Thebest protection against irradiation, however,is obtained by the use of suitable grades of carbon black if blackening can be done. Although light stabilizers and UV stabilizers improve weathering resistance substantially, they are not as effective as carbon black.The addition of colorants can have either a stabilizing or sensitizing effect. Additionally, mechanical properties can be affected by carbon black or pigments.

Accelerated testing is carried out in weather-ing cabinets, with or without simulated rain. The spectrum of the UV radiation usedcorresponds to a large extent to that ofsun light. The reduction in strain at break orthe notched impact strength is used as the preferred test criterion.

Hydrolysis resistancePolycondensation products, to which poly-amides also belong, have a limited resistance against hot water or moist air at higher tempe-ratures. However, compared with other poly-amides, PA 12 exhibits good hydrolysis resist-ance. PA 12 is gradually degraded by hot water. Compounds with a higher molecular mass will last longer than grades with a lower molecular mass. Hydrolysis occurs more rapidly in acid media than in neutral or alkaline ones (refer also to Section “Chemical resistance”). Up to temperatures of 70 to 80 °C standard grades can be regarded as practically stable against pure water attack.

Properties

27

Resistance against ionizing radiationPA 12 has a high resistance to ionizingradiation. For example, films manufactured from VESTAMID L1901 (0.03 to 0.1 mm thick) were exposed to irradiation dosages of 25 kilo Gray (= 2.5 Mrad), 50 kGy and 100 kGy. It was not until the dosage reached 100 kGy that a decided reduction in strain at break occurred and a slight greying was observed.

Thicker test specimens made of VESTAMID L1940 were irradiated with electron beam doses of 400 kGy without any noticeable changes in the mechanical properties.

The crosslinking of PA 12 can be carried out only by addition of a reactive crosslinking agent. In addition to a small increase in the tensile strength, the crosslinking results in a considerable increase in the heat deflection temperature extending beyond the melting point of the crystalline fraction.

Properties

28

Chemical resistanceIn the interaction between polymers and the chemicals, one can distinguish between the following cases:

The chemical will be absorbed to a certain amount by the polymer and this causes the plastic article to swell, to a greater or lesser extent. This swelling is reversible for the most part. That is, if the acting media have been removed, the molded part will regain its original form, provided that the chemi -cal has not extracted soluble additives.Swelling has a plasticizing effect and re-duces tensile strength while increasing flexibility and impact resistance.

The chemical frequently acts as a solvent only at higher temperatures whereas at lower temperatures it is only a powerful swelling agent.

The chemical causes the polymer todegrade, the speed of which is highly temperature-dependent.

PA 12 is highly resistant against chemically induced stress cracking. These cases can therefore be neglected here.

In order to present not only the qualitative effect of numerous chemicals, but also to be able to give more exact information aboutthe chemical resistance, we concentrated on using a selection of representatives of typical chemical groups and their effect on rigidPA 12 and plasticized PA 12. Please refer to Table 7 for details.

The chemical resistance of filled and rein-forced VESTAMID compounds correspondsto that of rigid PA 12 with the differencethat the swelling and consequent changesin properties are reduced in line with the content of additives.

VESTAMID L2140 VESTAMID L2124

Test medium Test Duration Weight Tensile CHARPY notched Weight Tensile CHARPY notched

temperature change 1) modulus 2)impact strength 3) change 1) modulus 2)impact strength 3)

[°C] [h] [%] [MPa] [kJ/m2] [%] [MPa] [kJ/m2]

Control specimen – – – 1440 18 – 570 n.b.

Sulphuric acid, 23 1170 + 0.9 1130 n.b. + 0.9 530 n.b.

1/2 mol/l 90 331 + 1.7 830 4.3 + 1.6 520 7.5

Battery acid, 30% 23 1556 + 1.0 1360 34; 5/10 n.b. + 1.0 570 n.b.

90 42 + 3.0 870 9.3 + 3.5 390 13

Hydrochloric acid, 1 mol/l 23 226 + 0.5 870 n.b. + 0.5 540 n.b.

90 226 + 1.7 840 3.6 + 1.4 580 3.6

Nitric acid, 1 mol/l 23 1624 + 1.6 1060 n.b. + 0.6 520 n.b.

90 21 + 2.2 900 4.4 + 1.5 510 10.7

Formic acid, 85% 23 761 +26.0 370 n.b. +15.4 280 n.b.

90 24 decomp. – – decomp. – –

Acetic acid, 2 mol/l 23 1554 + 1.9 960 n.b. + 2.1 470 n.b.

90 330 + 4.5 850 1.7 + 3.6 600 6.8

Sodium hydroxide 23 1293 + 0.9 1100 n.b. + 0.1 530 n.b.

1 mol/l 90 330 + 1.3 860 n.b. + 3.2 640 18

Chlorine water, 16% 23 1651 + 0.8 1350 70 + 1.1 580 n.b.

Aqueous ammonia, 25% 23 1195 + 1.1 1370 n.b. + 0.5 520 n.b.

Hexane 23 1200 + 0.4 1380 36 + 0.5 530 n.b.

68 264 + 1.1 1130 40 + 0.4 460 n.b.

Toluene and benzene 23 1672 + 5.9 910 n.b. + 3.2 530 n.b.

70 330 +10.3 630 n.b. + 2.2 480 n.b.

Premium fuel 23 1552 + 2.1 1160 n.b. + 3.9 580 n.b.

67 432 + 7.5 640 n.b. – 0.1 460 n.b.

ASTM fuel B 23 1606 + 1.9 1180 43 + 2.9 500 n.b.

70 331 + 5.7 710 n.b. + 0.6 520 n.b.

ASTM fuel B + ethanol 23 1672 +14.2 550 n.b. + 4.7 440 n.b.

(80:20 vol%) 70 332 +16.7 400 n.b. + 6.0 370 n.b.

Methanol 23 1313 + 9.7 530 n.b. + 0.6 420 n.b.

64 357 +11.9 470 n.b. + 1.3 400 n.b.

Isoamyl alcohol 23 1552 + 2.9 1100 35 + 3.8 490 n.b.

70 330 +15.9 450 n.b. + 5.8 370 n.b.

Methyl ethyl ketone 23 1581 + 2.3 960 n.b. – 1.7 580 n.b.

68 300 + 5.1 420 n.b. – 1.5 500 n.b.

Trichloroethylene 23 1530 +20.3 560 n.b. +14.7 430 n.b.

66 309 +21.6 510 n.b. +14.4 390 n.b.

Butyl acetate 23 1553 + 1.0 1360 23; 6/10 n.b. 0 530 n.b.

68 300 + 4.4 570 n.b. – 2.5 430 n.b.

PYDRAUL® 150 4) 23 1528 + 0.5 1800 27; 5/10 n.b. + 0.5 580 n.b.

90 352 + 2.2 1320 16 – 1.5 680 17

SKYDROL® HT 4) 23 1506 + 0.2 1640 6.0 + 0.1 590 n.b.

90 331 + 3.5 940 5/10 n.b. + 0.8 520 n.b.

STOP® HD 4) 23 1581 + 0.7 1480 32; 5/10 n.b. + 1.3 520 n.b.

90 330 +10.6 500 n.b. + 1.4 440 n.b.

GIRLING® 4) 23 1552 0 1630 32; 4/10 n.b. 0 530 n.b.

90 352 + 4.9 690 n.b. – 3.1 530 n.b.

LOCKHEED® 4) 23 1623 0 1660 25 + 0.2 570 n.b.

90 448 + 5.1 640 n.b. + 1.7 550 n.b.

29

Table 7: Chemical resistance of VESTAMID L2140 and 2124

1) Maximum value during tests. Differences between rigid and plasticized PA 12 are mainly caused by partial plasticizer extraction2) acc. to ISO 527-1/-23) n.b. = no break; 34; 5/10 = 5 of 10 bars not broken, average impact energy of broken bars 34 kJ/m24) Hydraulic fluid

30

Polyamides are characterized by a very high abrasion resistance. This can be determined according to DIN 53754 (Taber) or DIN 53516. The test is done by abrasion with emery paper. Harder compounds have a higher abrasion than softer materials. The abrasion increases again only in the case of very soft compounds. The following table shows some values.

For bearings or sliding parts the abrasion is of less importance than the coefficient of sliding friction. The coefficient depends on the bear-ing load, rotational speed, surface structure,or hardness of the mating surface, and the temperature.

The evaluations were conducted using a slide bearings test apparatus, with the results as shown in Figures 24–26. For small to medium loads VESTAMID shows good results. However, it is important to test different mating surfaces against each other. The coefficient of friction of polyamide against metal is lower than of metal against metal.

The tests were carried out using hardened steel shafts at low roughness (2 µm peak to valley height). The incorporation of reinforce-ments or fillers (glass fibers, graphite) has very little influence on the slide friction and wear for as long as the surface skin of the molded part remains undamaged. It is only when the additives come to the surface that their influ-ence becomes apparent, e.g., for glass fibers, higher abrasion of the mating surface takes place.

Whenever the application of lubricants may cause problems, PA 12 should be the first choice for the manufacture of bearings. Nevertheless, it should be mentioned thatthe optimum solution is offered by the use of bearings which were lubricated in assem bly (maintenance free bearings). The high chem-i cal resistance of PA 12 allows the use of practi-cally all lubricants. As a result of lubrication,the coefficient of friction is considerably reduced and wear is practically eliminated.

On a final note, we would like to point outone special advantage that VESTAMID L2101 has at very low temperatures. Under cryogenic conditions, it serves excellently as shot granules for deburring rubber parts.

Properties1.2.6 Abrasion and frictional

properties

Table 8: Abrasion of VESTAMID compounds

VESTAMID Abrasion according to

DIN 53754 (mg) DIN 53516 [mm3]

L1600, L1670 10-11 48

L2101F, L2140 12-13 68

L2124 13-16 40

L2128 22-23 –

L1950 12-13 39

L1930 16-19 170

L-GB30 14-15 120

Test specimens conditioned at 23 °C, 50 % relative humidity. Emery paper was changed

after every 100 revolutions.

31

Figure 24: Coefficient of sliding friction as function of bearing temperatureat mean pressure load. (Lubrimeter test acc. toA. Bartel).

Figure 25: Coefficient of sliding friction as function of pressure load. (Lubrimeter testacc. to A. Bartel).

Figure 26: Abrasion on bearing as function of the sliding distance, and PA 12 modification

PA 12 unmodified, medium-viscosity

Bearing temperature [˚C]

0.65

Co

eff.

of s

lidin

g fr

icti

on

µ

0.6

0.55

0.5

0.45

0.4

0.3530 40 50 60 70

(Bearing pressure p = 0.1 MPa) v = 0.1m/s

Co

eff.

of s

lidin

g fr

icti

on

µ

PA 12 unmodified, medium-viscosity

Mean bearing pressure [MPa]

0.65

0.6

0.55

0.5

0.45

0.4

0.350 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

after 24 hrs running, T = 40 ˚C) v = 0.1m/s

PA 12 unmodified

Sliding distance [km]

Ab

rasi

on

[µm

]

Abrasion = f (sliding distance), p = 0.06 MPa

1000 1500

600

700

500

400

300

200

100

0

L-GB30

L-GF30

0 500

Tables

32

2.1 Unfilled PA 12 compounds

2.1.1 Physical, thermal, mechanical properties and flammability

2.1.2 Electrical properties

1) sw = black2) Platicized compounds were not stored in water because of slight plasticizer migration.3) N = no break, P = partial break, C = complete break

Property Test method Unit L1670

Density 23 °C ISO 1183 g/cm3 1.01

Melting temperature ISO 3146, ISO 11357 Peak temperature ºC 178 2. heating

Temperature of deflection ISO 75 Method A 1.8 MPa °C 50

under load Method B 0.45 MPa °C 120

Vicat softening temperature ISO 306 Method A 10N °C 170

Method B 50N °C 140

Linear thermal 23-55 °C, determined on specimen expansion ISO 11359 45·15·10 mm 10-4 · K-1 1.5

Flammability IEC 60695 1.6 mm HB

acc. UL 94 3.2 mm HB

Water absorption ISO 62 23 °C, saturation2) % 1.4

determined on 1 mm thick sheets 23 °C/50% rel. humid. % 0.7

Mold shrinkage ISO 294-4 in flow direction % 0.9

processing cond. acc. to ISO 1874-2 in transverse direction % 1.1

Tensile test Stress at yield ISO 527-1/2 MPa 46

Strain at yield % 6

Stress at break MPa –

Strain at break % >50

Tensile modulus ISO 527-1/2 MPa 1400

CHARPY impact strength 3) ISO 179/1eU 23 °C kJ/m2 N -30 °C kJ/m2 N

CHARPY notched impact strength 3) ISO 179/1eA 23 °C kJ/m2 4 C

-30 °C kJ/m2 5 C

Property Test method Unit L1670

Relative permittivity IEC 60250 23 °C / 100 Hz – 3.8

23 °C / 1 MHz – 2.2

Dissipation factor IEC 60250 23 °C / 100 Hz 10 -4 450

23 °C / 1 MHz 10 -4 280

Electric strength IEC 60243-1 K20 / P50 kV/mm 27

Comparative tracking IEC 60112 Test solution A index 50 drops value – > 600

CTI 100 drops value – 600

Volume resistivity IEC 60093 Ω ·cm 10 15

Electrolytic corrosion IEC 60426 Step A1

2 Comparative Tables of Grades

33

L1940 X7373 L2101F L2106F L2140 L2141sw LX9008 L2170 1)

LX9007

1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01

178 178 178 175 178 178 176

50 50 50 40 50 50 50

110 130 110 80 110 110 110

170 175 170 170 170 170 170

140 150 140 130 140 140 135

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5

HB HB HB HB HB HB HB


1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6

0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

0.85 0.95 0.7 0.7 0.65 0.7 –

1.15 1.15 1.25 1.2 1.25 1.3 –

45 47 45 45 47 46 42

5 5 5 5 5 5 5

– – – – – – 50

>50 >50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 150

1350 1500 1400 1300 1400 1500 1450

N N N N N N N

N N N N N N N

6 C 6 C 32 C 7 C 16 C 10 C 45 P (C)

6 C 6 C 9 C 7 C 9 C 8 C 20 C

L1940 X7373 L2101F L2106F L2140 L2141sw LX9008 L2170 1)

LX9007

3.8 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 9.7 3.7

2.5 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0

450 750 450 450 450 2100 450

310 520 280 280 260 1100 260

27 30 29 27 26 35 26

> 600 >600 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600

600 600 600 600 600 600 600

10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 12 10 15

A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1

Tables

34

2.2 Plasticized PA 12 compounds



1) sw = black2) Platicized compounds were not stored in water because of slight plasticizer migration.3) N = no break, P = partial break, C = complete break

Property Test method Unit L1723 L2121

Density 23 °C ISO 1183 g/cm3 1.03 1.02

Melting temperature ISO 3146, ISO 11357 Peak temperature °C 173 176 2. heating

Temperature of defection ISO 75 Method A 1.8 MPa °C 45 45

under load Method B 0.45 MPa °C 95 110

Vicat softening temperature ISO 306 Method A 10N °C 165 170

Method B 50N °C 130 130

Linear thermal 23-55 °C, determined on specimen expansion ISO 11359 45·15·10 mm 10-4·K-1 1.8 1.6

Flammability IEC 60695 1.6 mm HB HB

acc. UL94 3.2 mm HB HB

Water absorption ISO 62 23 °C, saturation2) % – –

determined on 1 mm thick sheets 23 °C/50% rel. humid. % 0.5 0.6

Mold shrinkage ISO 294-4 in flow direction % 1.65 0.6

processing cond. acc. to ISO 1874-2 in transverse direction % 1.5 1.65

Tensile test Stress at yield ISO 527-1/2 MPa 30 35

Strain at yield % 27 20

Stress at break MPa – –

Strain at break % > 50 > 50

Tensile modulus ISO 527-1/2 MPa 480 700

CHARPY impact strength 3) ISO 179/1eU 23 °C kJ/m2 N N

-30 °C kJ/m2 N N

CHARPY notched ISO 179/1eA 23 °C kJ/m2 24 C 40 C

impact strength 3) -30 °C kJ/m2 5 C 7 C

Property Test method Unit L1723 L2121

Relative permittivity IEC 60250 23 °C / 100 Hz – 10 6.5

23 °C / 1 MHz – 3.7 3.4

Dissipation factor IEC 60250 23 °C / 100 Hz 10-4 1600 1900

23 °C / 1 MHz 10-4 1200 550

Electric strength IEC 60243-1 K20 / P50 kV/mm 33 34

Comparative tracking IEC 60112 Test solution A – > 600 > 600 index 50 drops value

CTI 100 drops value – 600 600

Volume resistivity IEC 60093 Ω ·cm 10 12 10 14

Electrolytic corrosion IEC 60426 Step A1 A1

35

L2122 X7393 L2124 L2123 X7293 LX9013 L2128

1.03 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.05

173 173 171 171 172 172 164

45 45 45 45 45 45 40

95 115 90 80 100 100 70

165 170 165 165 165 165 145

125 130 125 120 130 130 100

1.7 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8



– – – – – – –

0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5

0.6 0.8 0.7 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65

1.6 1.35 1.55 1.4 1.35 1.35 1.2

30 31 26 24 27 – 18

26 28 31 32 32 – 45

– 47 – – – 43 –

> 50 > 150 > 50 > 50 >50 > 150 > 50

490 570 400 370 400 400 230

N N N N N N N

N N N N N N N

68 P 115 P 150 P 115 P 130 P 140 P N

6 C 8 C 6 C 13 C 7 C 7 C 6 C

L2122 X7393 L2124 L2123 X7293 LX9013 L2128

10 7 12 10 11 11 17

3.3 4.2 3.8 3.6 4.6 4.6 3.8

1900 1900 1600 2000 2000 2000 3000

1000 1100 1500 1100 1900 1900 2400

32 27 31 29 30 30 31

> 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600

600 600 600 600 600 600 600

10 13 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 10

A1 – A1 A1 – – A1

3636

Tables2.3 Filled, reinforced and flame retardant containing PA 12 compounds



1) sw = black2) N = no break, P = partial break, C = complete break* determined on specimen 127·12.7·3.2 mm** Development product, preliminary data

Property Test method Unit L-GF15 L1833

Density 23 °C ISO 1183 g/cm3 1.12 1.17




Vicat softening ISO 306 Method A 10N °C 175 175

temperature Method B 50N °C 170 175

Linear thermal ISO 11359 23-55 °C; determined on specimen 10-4·K-1 0.8 0.7 expansion 45·15·10 mm


acc. UL94 3.2 mm V-2 V-2

Water absorption ISO 62 23 °C, saturation % 1.3 1.2

determined on 1 mm 23 °C, 50% rel. humid. % 0.6 0.6 thick sheets


processing cond. acc. in transverse direction % 0.65 0.65 to ISO 1874-2

Tensile test Stress at yield ISO 527-1/2 MPa – –

Strain at yield % – –

Stress at break MPa 95 105

Strain at break % 6 6


CHARPY impact strength 2) ISO 179/1eU 23 °C kJ/m2 75 C 90 C

-30 °C kJ/m2 80 C 95 C

CHARPY notched ISO 179/1eA 23 °C kJ/m2 17 C 25 C

impact strength 2) -30 °C kJ/m2 11 C 16 C

Property Test method Unit L-GF15 L1833

Relative permittivity IEC 60250 23 °C / 100 Hz – 4.0 4.1

23 °C / 1 MHz – 3.4 3.4

Dissipation factor IEC 60250 23 °C / 100 Hz 10 -4 380 370

23 °C / 1 MHz 10 -4 260 260

Electric strength IEC 60243-1 K20 / P50 kV/mm 44 41

Comparative tracking IEC 60112 Test solution A – > 600 > 600 index 50 drops value

CTI 100 drops value – 600 600


Electrolytic corrosion IEC 60426 Step A1 A1

37

LX9105 ** L-GF30 LX9111 L1930 L-GB30 L-CF15 X7166 X7167 X7229

sw 1)

1.18 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.25 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.06

178 178 177 178 178 178 178 178 175

161 165 167 130 55 170 50 50 40

176 175 177 170 150 175 140 130 130

177 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 170

173 175 175 170 155 175 150 150 150

0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.5 – – 0.8

HB HB HB HB HB HB V-0 V-2 V-2

HB HB HB HB HB HB V-0 V-2 V-2

1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5

0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.38 0.15 0.22 0.7 1.2* 0.15 0.65 0.6 0.55

0.62 0.65 0.62 0.6 1.2* 0.4 0.75 0.95 0.8

101 – 113 69 47 – 47 48 36

4.8 – 5 4 5 – 5 5 17

100 120 112 60 38 120 – – –

6.5 5 6 10 37 5 >50 >50 >50

5300 6500 6500 4000 2000 8000 1800 1700 1000

92 C 100 C 85 C 80 C 160 C 70 C 80 C N N

96 C 100 C 84 C 65 C 160 C 70 C 80 C N N

24 C 23 C 24 C 10 C 6 C 14 C 3 C 9 C 11 C

15 C 21 C 17 C 11 C 6 C 13 C 5 C 6 C 5 C

LX9105 ** L-GF30 LX9111 L1930 L-GB30 L-CF15 X7166 X7167 X7229

sw 1)

4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 – – – –

3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 – 3.6 3.6 5

370 310 310 310 310 – – – –

260 330 330 240 230 – 340 380 1700

41 44 44 40 31 – 28 28 27

> 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 100 > 600 > 600 > 600

600 600 600 600 600 – 600 600 600

10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 – 10 14 10 14 10 13

A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 –

Tables

38

2.4 Permanently antistatic and electrically conductive PA 12 compounds 1)



Property Test method Unit L-R1-MHI L-R3-MHI

sw 2) sw 2) sw 2)

Insulation resistance 5) IEC 60167 Ω 10 1 10 4


1) Detailed information concerning special properties and applications of these compounds available on request.2) sw = black3) Platicized compounds were not stored in water because of slight plasticizer migration.4) N = no break, P = partial break, C = complete break5) Corresponds to ROE DIN 43582: 1983/VDE 0303 part 3

Property Test method Unit L-R1-MHI L-R3-MHI

sw 2) sw 2)

Density 23 °C ISO 1183 g/cm3 1.11 1.10




Vicat softening ISO 306 Method A 10N °C 175 175

temperature Method B 50N °C 140 140

Linear thermal ISO 11359 23-55 °C; determined on specimen 10-4·K-1 1.8 expansion 45·15·10 mm


acc. UL94 3.2 mm HB HB

Water absorption ISO 62 23 °C, saturation 3) % 1.4 1.5

determined on 1 mm 23 °C, 50% rel. humid. % 0.5 0.8 thick sheets


processing cond. acc. in transverse direction % 1.7 1.55 to ISO 1874-2

Tensile test Stress at yield ISO 527-1/2 MPa 37 38

Strain at yield % 5 5

Stress at break MPa 35 –

Strain at break % 45 >50


CHARPY impact strength 4) ISO 179/1eU 23 °C kJ/m2 N N -30 °C kJ/m2 80 C N

CHARPY notched impact strength 4) ISO 179/1eA 23 °C kJ/m2 60 C 55 P

-30 °C kJ/m2 8 C 15 C

39

L-R4-MHI L-R7-MHI L-R9-MHI L-R3-EP L-R3-EI LX9102 L-R2-GF25 LX9107 L-CF15

sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2)

10 5 10 7 10 9 10 3 10 3 10 4 10 2 – 10 4

10 5 10 7 10 9 10 3 10 3 10 4 10 2 10 4 10 4

L-R4-MHI L-R7-MHI L-R9-MHI L-R3-EP L-R3-EI LX9102 L-R2-GF25 LX9107 L-CF15

sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2) sw 2)

1.06 1.08 1.08 1.17 1.06 1.12 1.27 1.16 1.08

178 178 178 176 178 171 178 178 178

50 50 50 60 60 55 170 164 170

130 130 130 120 130 120 175 178 175

175 175 175 170 175 169 175 – 175

140 140 140 140 140 136 170 – 175

1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 – 1.5

HB HB HB HB HB HB HB – HB

HB HB HB HB HB HB HB – HB

1.5 1.5 1.5 – 1.2 1.5 1.2 – 1.3

0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 – 0.5

1.75 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.55 1.35 0.3 – 0.15

1.65 1.45 1.45 1.3 1.6 1.5 0.85 – 0.4

36 36 37 – 42 32 – 125 –

8 6 6 – 9 37 – 4.9 –

33 – – 46 36 39 120 129 120

42 >50 >50 >50 44 >50 5 6.3 5

1250 1400 1400 800 1500 640 6500 9500 8000

N N N N N N 75 C 72 C 60 C

N N N N N N 70 C 103 C 70 C

55 P 60 P 60 P 38 C 21 C 90 P 12 C 19 C 14 C

12 C 12 C 12 C 4 C 9 C 5 C 11 C 13 C 13 C

Degussa AGHigh Performance Polymers45764 MARLGERMANYPhone +49 2365 49-9878Fax +49 2365 49-5992www.degussa-hpp.com 03

/lau

/500

e

This information and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspec-tion and testing of incoming goods. Perfor-mance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of a customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used.

® = registered trademark

Your contact for Asia:

Degussa (China) Co., Ltd.High Performance Polymers55 Chundong Road, Xinzhuang Industry ParkShanghai 201108, CHINAPhone +86 21 51332688Fax +86 21 54424661

Your contact for the Americas:

Degussa CorporationHigh Performance Polymers379 Interpace Parkway, Building CParsippany, NJ 07054-0677Phone +1 973 541-8391Fax +1 973 541-8072

1. Synopsis of Polyamide 12 Grades and Properties...

Documents

Transcript of 1. Synopsis of Polyamide 12 Grades and Properties...