1 SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED.

1SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED

2SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED

3

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA – QUICK FACTS

SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – AN OVERVIEW

TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST

PRESENT CONDITIONS & CARDINAL EVENTS

SR ULDC – FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS …

4

THANK YOU

5

REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA

QUICK FACTS

6

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INSTALLED CAPACITY

NORTHERN :- 31,307 MW

EASTERN :- 16,140 MW

SOUTHERN :- 32,779 MW

WESTERN :- 32,761 MW

NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW

TOTAL 115,344 MW

REGIONAL GRIDS

7

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION


‘ ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS1

2

3

SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003

ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

8

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION


‘ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS

1

2

WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

9

Growth of Installed Capacity for Electricity in India

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000ALL FIGURES IN MW

10

Inter Regional Links

700 MW700 MW

1200MW1200MW

2000MW2000MW

1200 MW1200 MW

900 MW900 MW31,307 MW

16,140

32,761 MW

32,779 MW

2357

1850 MW1850 MW

1650 MW1650 MW

Present IR Present IR Capacity = Capacity = 9,500 MW9,500 MW

11

Source wise composition of installed capacity in India

(1,15,344 in 2005)

2.40% 1.70% 26%

70%

HydroThermalNuclearWind

12

SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID

OVERVIEW

13

SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY

ANDHRA PRADESH

TAMIL NADU

KARNATAKA

KE

RA

LA

POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)

AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)

INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 32,779 MW(28.2%)

WEATHER :- South-west monsoon

North-east monsoon

SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM

14

SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICSANDHRA PRADESH

INSTALLED CAPACITY – 8487 MW

MAX DEMAND MET – 7547 MW

DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU

DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 142 MU

CONSUMER PROFILE –

INDS -27%, DOM-22%, COMM-5%, IRRI-39% & OTHERS-7%

KARNATAKA







KERALA






INDS -34%, DOM-44%, COMM-13%, IRRI-2%& OTHERS-7%

TAMIL NADU







15

ANDHRA PRADESH

POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES

AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM)

NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS

PER CAPITA CONS. :- 719 UNITS

MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE

CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID

SR STATES – GEOGRAPHYKARNATAKA


AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI


KERALA


AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES

CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID

TAMIL NADU


AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS


16

GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR

1947

5

1983

0

2030

4

2129

8

2213

3

2298

3

2417

3

2616

3

2850

1

2952

6 3273

3

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

3500019

94-9

5

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

YEARS - - ->

IN MW

17

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR

The above capacity does not includes

--- About 1344 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu.

--- Micro and Captive plants in different states.

AGENCY HYDRO THERMAL GAS/DIESEL WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR TOTAL

ANDHRA PRADESH 3586 2963 272 2 --- 6823

KARNATAKA 3332 1470 128 5 --- 4934

KERALA 1831 --- 234 2 --- 2067

TAMILNADU 1987 2970 423 19 --- 5399

PONDICHERRY --- --- 33 --- --- 33

CENTRAL SECTOR --- 8090 360 --- 830 9280

IPP 278 387 2506 1071 --- 4243

TOTAL 11014 (34%) 15880 (48%) 3956 (12%) 1099 (3%) 830 (3%) 32779 (100%)

18

15880 (48%)

11014 (34%)677 (2%)

830 (3%)422 (1.3%)

3956 (12%)

HYDRO THERMAL GAS WIND NUCLEAR OTHERS

SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW

32,779 MW

HYDRO

THERMAL

WINDNUCLEAR OTHERS

GAS

GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION

A.PKAR

TNKERGENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW

GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW

GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW

TYPICAL

GENERATOR

SPREAD

IN SR

UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

THERMAL (500 MW) 2 8 10

THERMAL

(200-250 MW)10 7 13 15 45

GAS/THERMAL

(100-150 MW)9 2 3 10 24

HYDRO

(>50 MW)27 29 16 15 87

TOTAL 48 38 19 38 165

- HYDRO

- THERMAL

- GAS / NAPTHA

- NUCLEAR

20

LOAD 500-1500 MW

LOAD 200-500 MW

TYPICAL

LOAD

SPREAD

IN SR

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR

GAZUWAKA

HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAH

DAVANAGERE

RAMAGUNDAM

BANGALORE

MUNIRABAD

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

KOLAR

63

HOSUR

1

60

P

NELLORE

NELAMANGALA

KURNOOL

KALPAKKA

SIMHADRI

HIRIYUR

TALAGUPPA

MAMIDIPALLY

SRI SAILAM

-- OF NTPC

-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH

-- OF KARNATAKA

-- OF NLC

-- OF POWERGRID

400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR

NEYVELI TPS I (EXP)

POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL

AP 8 4 2 14

KAR 4 5 9

KER 1 1

TN 6 2 8

TOTAL 20 9 4 33

TRIVENDRUM

22

TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA

ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS

VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

400 KV 2042 1614 9850 13506

220/230 KV 10050 7590 2650 6270 366 26926

132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220 32360

TOTAL 24452 15264 6370 16490 10216 71404

23

MONSOONS

SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST

MONSOON

24

11000

13000

15000

17000

19000

21000

23000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

HOUR ---->

DE

MA

ND

IN

MW

--->

TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR

WINTER

MONSOON

SUMMER

EVENING PEAK

WEATHERRESERVOIR CONSUMPTION

25

TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST

26

GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST

• LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS

– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES

• LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION

– CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES

– SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS

• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS

– SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD

• ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES– UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT

27

GRID OPERATION:GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK A TIGHT ROPE WALK

BLACK-OUTVOLTAGE

COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC

OPERATION

INSTABILITYPOWER

SWINGSINCREASED

LOSSES

28

PRESENT CONDITIONS&

CARDINAL EVENTS

29

47.00

47.50

48.00

48.50

49.00

49.50

50.00

50.50

51.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

% OF TIME --->

FR

EQ

IN H

Z -

-->

2004-05

2003-04

<49.049.0 & <50.5

50.5 & Above

Max Min Avg FVI

2004-05 0.13 98.70 0.17 50.90 48.62 49.85 0.83

2003-04 2.30 97.30 0.44 51.17 48.18 49.69 1.95

2002-03 49.48 48.51 2.01 51.37 47.69 48.95 18.86

2002-03

FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE 2002-03, 2003-04 & 2004-05

FVI

30

YEAR

FREQUENCY (Hz) % OF TIME WHEN FREQUECY WAS BETWEEN

AVERAGFVIMAXIMUM

MINIMUM

AVERAGE< 48.5

HZ

48.5 TO 49.0 HZ

49.0 TO 49.5 HZ

49.5 TO 50.0 HZ

50.0 TO 50.5 HZ

> 50.5 HZ

00 – 01 51.56 47.76 48.67 53.79 17.68 13.63 12.26 2.64 ---

01 – 02 51.44 47.72 48.52 68.08 9.96 6.48 11.39 4.10 29.71

02 – 03 51.37 47.69 48.95 39.31 10.17 14.48 23.93 10.10 2.01 18.86

03 – 04 51.17 48.18 49.69 0.10 2.20 22.03 63.00 12.23 0.44 1.95

04 - 05 50.90 48.62 49.85 0.00 0.13 8.49 63.81 27.40 0.17 0.83

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF SOUTHERN REGION FOR PAST FIVE YEARS

31

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

42000

:05

01:0

5

02:0

5

03:0

5

04:0

5

05:0

5

06:0

5

07:0

5

08:0

5

09:0

5

10:0

5

11:0

5

12:0

5

13:0

5

14:0

5

15:0

5

16:0

5

17:0

5

18:0

5

19:0

5

20:0

5

21:0

5

22:0

5

23:0

5

TIME IN HRS --->

VO

LT

AG

E IN

KV

---

>

REALITY BITE:

FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!.

EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED!

COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY

BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES

32

VOLTAGE PROFILE OF SOUTHERN REGION FOR PAST FIVE YEARS

YEAR

RAMAGUNDAM HYDERABAD CUDDAPHA BANGALORE MADRAS TRISSUR NEYVELI II

MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN

2000-01 397 385 396 377 396 361 379 333 386 354 400 363 392 374

2001-02 405 394 409 388 404 366 396 345 399 369 406 369 400 382

2002-03 407 399 412 397 403 377 403 367 398 376 407 385 403 391

2003-04 409 402 411 397 415 398 405 385 417 403 412 400 414 406

2004-05 411 403 416 402 415 398 410 391 423 406 414 398 418 409

33

Growth Of Inter Regional Energy Exchanges

73508230

9730

13000

22500

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004

Year

To

tal M

U D

uri

ng

Th

e Y

ear

IR Energy Exchanges

IR EXCHANGES

34

DEEP VALLEY

DEEP VALLEY

SHARP

PEAK

35

SOUTHERN REGION LOSS*

2002 2003 2004** 2005**

LOAD (MW)

LOSS (MW)

LOSS %

LOAD (MW)

LOSS (MW)

LOSS %

LOAD (MW)

LOSS (MW)

LOSS %

LOAD (MW)

LOSS (MW)

LOSS %

AP 6510 408 6.27 5983 264 4.41 7234 311 4.30755

7 279 3.69

KARNATAKA 4078 265 6.50 4609 237 5.14 5158 228 4.42528

5 183 3.46

KERALA 1928 82 4.25 2227 101 4.54 2479 86 3.47245

3 66 2.69

TAMILNADU 6135 224 3.65 6888 240 3.48 7421 198 2.67752

2 216 2.87

PONDICHERRY 215 0 0.00

CGS 472 0 0.00 684 0 0.00 538 0.00 121 0 0.00

SOUTHERN REGION 19123 979 5.12 20391 842 4.13 22830 823 3.6

23153 744 3.21

•*Source : Report of System Studies conducted for Accessing Shunt Compensation requirement in Southern Region – March 2004 and March 2005 - SREB ,CEA

•** Projected figures0.5% REDUCTION MEANS 100 CR ANNUAL SAVINGS0.5% REDUCTION MEANS 100 CR ANNUAL SAVINGS

36

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10N

UM

BE

R O

F D

IST

UR

BA

NC

ES

---

----

->

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

YEAR ->

MAJOR MINOR

NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE

RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ,NAGJHARI ETC

MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES IN SR SINCE 1994

37

GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS

• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME

• GENERATION CAPCITY ADDITION

• INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS

• OPERATIONAL EXELLANCE

38

FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004FVI = 0.04

Avg Freq = 49.99Hz

48.5

49.0

49.5

50.0

50.5

51.0

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2

FVI = -------------------------------

24 * 60

1 SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED.

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