11

Session TWOSession TWO

22

Life Cycle of TroutLife Cycle of Trout

33

EggEgg

Trout eggs have black Trout eggs have black eyes and a central line eyes and a central line that show healthy that show healthy development. Egg development. Egg hatching depends on hatching depends on the water temperature the water temperature in an aquarium or in a in an aquarium or in a natural habitat.natural habitat.

44

AlevinAlevin

Once hatched, the trout Once hatched, the trout have a large yolk sac have a large yolk sac used a food source. used a food source. Each alevin slowly Each alevin slowly begins to develop adult begins to develop adult trout characteristics. An trout characteristics. An alevin lives close the alevin lives close the gravel until it “buttons gravel until it “buttons up.”up.”

55

FryFry

Buttoning-up occurs Buttoning-up occurs when alevin absorb the when alevin absorb the yolk sac and being to yolk sac and being to feed on aquatic insects. feed on aquatic insects. Fry swim close to the Fry swim close to the water surface, allowing water surface, allowing the swim ladder to fill the swim ladder to fill with air and help the fry with air and help the fry float through water.float through water.

66

Fingerling and ParrFingerling and Parr

When a fry grows to 2-5 When a fry grows to 2-5 inches, it becomes a inches, it becomes a fingerling. When develops fingerling. When develops large dark markings, it then large dark markings, it then becomes a parr. Local becomes a parr. Local schools that participate with schools that participate with Cumberland Valley Chapter Cumberland Valley Chapter Trout Unlimited classroom Trout Unlimited classroom trout raising project will trout raising project will release the Trout into its release the Trout into its natural habitat at the natural habitat at the fingerling stage.fingerling stage.

77

JuvenileJuvenile

In the naturalIn the natural habitat, a habitat, a trout avoids predators, trout avoids predators, including wading birds including wading birds and larger fish, by and larger fish, by hiding in underwater hiding in underwater roots and brush. As a roots and brush. As a juvenile, a trout juvenile, a trout resembles an adult but resembles an adult but is not yet old or large is not yet old or large enough to spawn.enough to spawn.

88

AdultAdult

In the adult stage, In the adult stage, female and male Trout female and male Trout spawn in fall and winter. spawn in fall and winter. Trout turn vibrant in Trout turn vibrant in color during the color during the spawning and then lay spawning and then lay eggs in fish nests, or eggs in fish nests, or redds, in the gravel. redds, in the gravel. The life cycle of the The life cycle of the Trout continues into the Trout continues into the egg stage again.egg stage again.

99

The Trout BodyThe Trout Body

1010

Entomology (Bugs)Entomology (Bugs)

A Successful Fly-Fisher must A Successful Fly-Fisher must know about what trout eat.know about what trout eat.

1111

Entomology (bugs)Entomology (bugs) PurposePurpose

Show how the fly-fisher can use Show how the fly-fisher can use knowledge of aquatic critters knowledge of aquatic critters

Improve fishing Improve fishing Improve fly selectionImprove fly selection

1212

Aquatic MacroinvertebratesAquatic Macroinvertebrates

Aquatic = pertaining to waterAquatic = pertaining to water Especially organisms living in fresh waterEspecially organisms living in fresh water

Macro___ = prefix meaning “large”Macro___ = prefix meaning “large” able to see with naked eyeable to see with naked eye

Invertebrate = animal without a backboneInvertebrate = animal without a backbone Insects, crustaceans, worms, othersInsects, crustaceans, worms, others

1313

What you need to knowWhat you need to know

Trout do NOT speak LatinTrout do NOT speak Latin Trout can’t identify macroinvertebratesTrout can’t identify macroinvertebrates Trout know what looks good to eatTrout know what looks good to eat Trout know what food items act likeTrout know what food items act like Trout face Trout face upstreamupstream . . . . . .

aquatic macroinvertebrates drift aquatic macroinvertebrates drift downstreamdownstream trout eat macroinvertebratestrout eat macroinvertebrates

1414

Bug CharacteristicsBug Characteristics

Shape – what does it look like?Shape – what does it look like?

Size – how big or small is it?Size – how big or small is it?

Color – what color or colors is it?Color – what color or colors is it?

Habitat – where does it live in nature?Habitat – where does it live in nature?

Behavior – what does it act like?Behavior – what does it act like?

1515

AdultsAdults have same Shape have same Shape

Mayfly adults hold Mayfly adults hold wings up like sailswings up like sails

Stonefly adults fold Stonefly adults fold wings flat over backwings flat over back

Caddisfly adults fold Caddisfly adults fold wings like a pup tentwings like a pup tent

1616

Match the natural with size & color Match the natural with size & color variations of the same fly patternvariations of the same fly pattern

Choose fly pattern style based on type of Choose fly pattern style based on type of water to be fishedwater to be fished

Vary the color & size to match the naturals Vary the color & size to match the naturals of the locale you fishof the locale you fish

Use the appropriate stripping action or Use the appropriate stripping action or dead drift to match the natural’s behaviordead drift to match the natural’s behavior

1717

Flies represent naturalsFlies represent naturals

Dry Fly – fished on water’s surfaceDry Fly – fished on water’s surface Adult: mayfly (also dun), caddis, stonefly, dragonfly, terrestrial Adult: mayfly (also dun), caddis, stonefly, dragonfly, terrestrial

(grasshopper, ant, spider)(grasshopper, ant, spider) Nymph – fished on or near bottomNymph – fished on or near bottom

Larval stage: mayfly, stonefly, caddis, etc.Larval stage: mayfly, stonefly, caddis, etc. Scud, sowbug (NOT aquatic insects)Scud, sowbug (NOT aquatic insects)

Midge – fished in surface filmMidge – fished in surface film Adult midge & emerging midgeAdult midge & emerging midge

Soft-hackle – fished just under surface filmSoft-hackle – fished just under surface film Pupal stage of caddis & emerging mayfly dunPupal stage of caddis & emerging mayfly dun

Streamer – fished in water column or bottomStreamer – fished in water column or bottom ““minnow,” leech, crayfishminnow,” leech, crayfish

1818

Mayfly Life CycleMayfly Life Cycle

1919

Mayflies Mayflies

Egg – larva (nymph) – emerger – dun – adultEgg – larva (nymph) – emerger – dun – adult Diverse shapes of nymphsDiverse shapes of nymphs Dun is a pre-adult with wingsDun is a pre-adult with wings Adults have no mouthparts or digestive tractsAdults have no mouthparts or digestive tracts Adult female spinners are susceptible to trout Adult female spinners are susceptible to trout

while laying eggswhile laying eggs Adult males & females may be different sizes Adult males & females may be different sizes

and colorsand colors

2020

Mayfly larva (nymph)Mayfly larva (nymph)

Single set of wing padsSingle set of wing pads 2 or 3 tails (usually 3)2 or 3 tails (usually 3) Gills on Gills on abdominalabdominal segments segments

2121

4 mayfly larva body types4 mayfly larva body types

SwimmersSwimmers Slow-mod waterSlow-mod water

CrawlersCrawlers Mod-fast waterMod-fast water

ClingersClingers Swift waterSwift water

BurrowersBurrowers Placid waterPlacid water

2222

Behavior more important than fly Behavior more important than fly pattern of mayfly nymphpattern of mayfly nymph

Swimmers in slow-mod. waterSwimmers in slow-mod. water• Move with bursts of rapid up & down flips, moving from a few Move with bursts of rapid up & down flips, moving from a few

inches to a few feetinches to a few feet

Crawlers in mod.-fast water with weedbeds or Crawlers in mod.-fast water with weedbeds or rocks with nooks & cranniesrocks with nooks & crannies

• Poor swimmers; drift with current while trying to get to the Poor swimmers; drift with current while trying to get to the bottombottom

Clingers in swift water, like rifflesClingers in swift water, like riffles• Good at staying on or under rocksGood at staying on or under rocks• Migrates to slower water before emerging as dunsMigrates to slower water before emerging as duns

Burrowers in placid waterBurrowers in placid water• Live in burrows until emerging to surface to become dunsLive in burrows until emerging to surface to become duns

2323

Various mayfly familiesVarious mayfly families

2424

Stonefly Life CycleStonefly Life Cycle

2525

StonefliesStoneflies

egg – larva egg – larva (nymph) with many moltings(nymph) with many moltings – adult – adult Mature larvae migrate to stream edges Mature larvae migrate to stream edges Known as “clean water” insectsKnown as “clean water” insects Not active swimmersNot active swimmers

Clings under rocks & crevices in swift waterClings under rocks & crevices in swift water May drift with the current, esp. before May drift with the current, esp. before

emergenceemergence

2626

Stonefly larva (nymph)Stonefly larva (nymph)

TwoTwo distinct sets of distinct sets of wing padswing pads

AlwaysAlways 22 tails – set tails – set wide apartwide apart

No gills or gills may No gills or gills may resemble undulating resemble undulating tufts under thorax tufts under thorax

2727

Various stonefly familiesVarious stonefly families

2828

Caddis Fly Life CycleCaddis Fly Life Cycle

2929

CaddisfliesCaddisflies

egg – larva egg – larva (on bottom)(on bottom) – pupa – pupa (rises to surface)(rises to surface) – adult – adult Live as larvae most of the year Live as larvae most of the year

As pupa one to several weeksAs pupa one to several weeks As adults 1-3 weeks (unable to eat)As adults 1-3 weeks (unable to eat)

Extremely diverse group, 2 major kindsExtremely diverse group, 2 major kinds Case-building (most common)Case-building (most common) Free-living Free-living

3030

Caddisfly larvaCaddisfly larva

No wing padsNo wing pads No tailsNo tails May have stubby May have stubby

appendages with hooks appendages with hooks at the end of abdomenat the end of abdomen

Smallish head; fleshy Smallish head; fleshy segmented abdomensegmented abdomen

Looks like a caterpillar Looks like a caterpillar with 6 legs in thorax areawith 6 legs in thorax area

3131

Various caddisfly familiesVarious caddisfly families

3232

MidgesMidges

Egg – larva Egg – larva (2 or 3 moltings)(2 or 3 moltings) – pupa – adult – pupa – adult Life cycle I week to 1 yearLife cycle I week to 1 year Abundant and diverse - makes up for small sizeAbundant and diverse - makes up for small size True flies – have only two wingsTrue flies – have only two wings

3333

Midge larvaMidge larva

No wing padsNo wing pads No tails No tails (may have knobby protrusions at rear end)(may have knobby protrusions at rear end)

No legs apparentNo legs apparent Tiny headTiny head Elongated, maggot-like shapeElongated, maggot-like shape Segmented abdomen Segmented abdomen (sometimes with pairs of fleshy (sometimes with pairs of fleshy

knobs)knobs)

Can’t swim, but grub around on the bottomCan’t swim, but grub around on the bottom

3434

Midge pupae most important to the Midge pupae most important to the fly fisherfly fisher

Looks like a hunched-back midge larvaLooks like a hunched-back midge larva Wings bunched in a dark bundle at the thoraxWings bunched in a dark bundle at the thorax Head barely visible; body tapersHead barely visible; body tapers May have gas trapped in pupal shuckMay have gas trapped in pupal shuck May have distinct tuft at head endMay have distinct tuft at head end

3535

Damsels & DragonsDamsels & Dragons

3636

Water Beetles Water Beetles

3737

Water bugsWater bugs

Water boatmanWater boatman

Water striderWater strider

3838

Fishfly, Dobsonfly,& Alderfy LarvaFishfly, Dobsonfly,& Alderfy Larva(Dobsonfly larvae are also known as hellgrammites)(Dobsonfly larvae are also known as hellgrammites)

3939

Scuds & SowbugsScuds & Sowbugsare crustaceans, NOT aquatic insect larvaeare crustaceans, NOT aquatic insect larvae

Scuds flat side-to-sideScuds flat side-to-side Sowbugs flat top-to-bottomSowbugs flat top-to-bottom

Fast swimmers – short burstsFast swimmers – short bursts Poor swimmers – dead driftPoor swimmers – dead drift

4040

CrayfishCrayfishaka crawfish or crawdads aka crawfish or crawdads

4141

Clams & snailsClams & snailsaka mollusksaka mollusks

4242

Aquatic worms & leechesAquatic worms & leeches

4343

Relative SizeRelative SizeCan you tell what they are?Can you tell what they are?

4444

IdentifyIdentify

4545

IdentifyIdentify

4646

IdentifyIdentify

4747

IdentifyIdentify

4848

IdentifyIdentify

4949

IdentifyIdentify

5050

End of Session TWOEnd of Session TWO