1 Review 4-1 Past participlePast participle 4-2 Forms of the present perfectForms of the present...

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Review4-1 Past participle4-2 Forms of the present perfect4-3 Meanings of the present perfect4-4 Simple past vs. present perfect4-5 Using since and for

CONTENTS

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Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.

Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her

grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.

Jenna _____ very good care her dog.

He __ a great dog.

loves

be

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS lovegivefindtake

gave

found

takes

is

is

be

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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

She has forgotten his name.

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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

REGULARVERBS

IRREGULARVERBS

SIMPLEFORM

SIMPLEPAST

PASTPARTICIPLE

finishstopwait

seemakeput

finishedstoppedwaited

sawmadeput

finishedstoppedwaited

seenmadeput

past perfect tensepresent perfect tense

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4-1 LET’S PRACTICE

SIMPLEFORM

SIMPLEPAST

PASTPARTICIPLE

stopgotakewrite

stoppedwenttookwrote

stoppedgonetakenwritten

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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

He has finished all his work.

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(a) I have worked very hard this year.

(b) The students have worked hard.

(c) Alex has worked very hard.

STATEMENT: have/has + past participle

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(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.

(e) She’s/He’s gone home.

(f) It’s been hot all week.

CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve pronoun + has =k’s

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NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle


(g) I have not gone home yet.

(h) Fatima has not gone home.

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NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: have + not = haven’t

has + not = hasn’t


(g) I haven’t gone home yet.

(h) Fatima hasn’t gone home.

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(i) Have you read the report?

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(j) Has Marcy gone home?

(k) How long have you worked there?

QUESTION :

have/has + subject + past participle

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(l)

SHORT ANSWER: have/haven’t

Have you read all of this article?

No, I haven’t. I have only read a

few pages.

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(m)

SHORT ANSWER: has/hasn’t

Yes, she has. She did it after school.

Has Kyung finished her homework?

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___________________ a snake?


PRESENT PERFECT

Have you ever touched

youtouchever

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________________


PRESENT PERFECT

I’ve never touched

touchnever

No,

a snake.

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_________________ a shark?


PRESENT PERFECT

Has Justin ever seen

Justinseeever

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Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,


PRESENT PERFECT

has

South Africa.

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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

Tyler has taken his first steps.

Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.

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MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED

BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME

PRESENT PERFECT

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(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.

(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.

(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?

occurred before now orsometime in the past

MEANING #1

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(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?

now

time?

X

before now

X

MEANING #1

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(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.

(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.

activity repeated

before now, unspecified past times

MEANING #1

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(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.

now

X

before now

XXX

MEANING #1

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PRESENT PERFECT

MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN

IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE

PRESENT.

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(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.

(g) I have played the violin for six years. I learned to play six years ago, and I still play it.

present perfect + sincefor

past present

MEANING #2

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MEANING #2:

xx

x

8:00

now

(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.

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MEANING #1: Something happened before now at an unspecified time.

MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present.

Kyung has already taken the test.

OR ?

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MEANING #1: Something happenedbefore now at an unspecified time

MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present

I’ve been studying since 8 AM.

OR ?

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MEANING #1: Something happenedbefore now at an unspecified time

MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present

Rosa has been to Italy three times.

OR ?

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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT

I had an angel fish when I was a child.

I have had many otherfish since then.

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SIMPLE PAST

(a) They completed the game at 4:00.

PRESENT PERFECT

(b) They have already completed the game.

specific time

unspecified time

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SIMPLE PAST

(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.

PRESENT PERFECT

(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.

specific time

unspecified time

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SIMPLE PAST

(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.

PRESENT PERFECT

(f) Eli has been camping for 9 days.(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.

for activity began & ended in past

for / since activity began & continues

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SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?We have been in Tokyo many times.

OR

UNSPECIFIEDPRESENTPERFECT

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SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Barry has never been to Tokyo.

OR

UNSPECIFIEDPRESENTPERFECT

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SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Gina went to Tokyo last month.

OR

SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST

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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR

I have been here since 6:00 AM.

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(a) I have worked here

since noon.since Wednesday.since April.since 2006.since May 9, 2007.since yesterday.since last week.

Since Specific point in time

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(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.

CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.

(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.

present perfect + since

present progressive NOT used

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(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.


simple present NOT used

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(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.


simple past NOT used

INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007.

1 Review 4-1 Past participlePast participle 4-2 Forms of the present perfectForms of the present...

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