1 - Restless Earth
Transcript of 1 - Restless Earth
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Restless Earth
Restless Earth
How and why do tectonic plates move?
What are the different types of plate boundary and what hazards
are found there?
Convection currentsfrom the hot outer
core and mantle move
the tectonic plates on
the earths surface
The Iron in the outer core produces
a magnetic field which protects the
earth from radiation from space
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
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Volcanoes in MEDCs and !EDCs
"apan #MEDC$ Democratic Republic of Con%o #!EDC$
Mt Sakuraima ! found on a destructive
plate "oundar#
Mt $#iragongo ! found on a constructive
plate "oundar#
%apan is a developed countr#& It can
afford to spend mone# on prediction'
protection and evacuation& (hen
Sakuraima does erupt it usuall# does not
cause man# deaths& )omes' crops and
industries will "e destro#ed "ut most
people have insurance and the government
will help to repair the damage&
Congo is a developing countr#& *eople
cannot afford well+"uilt houses' so the#
often collapse& The# do not have insurance&
The government is not a"le to provide
mone# or resources to the people&
Communications are poor' so warnings and
evacuations ma# not happen&
+ %an ,--,. /-- people died 0from
poisonous gases and the lava flow1&
Earth2uakes destro#ed "uildings& 3ver
4--'--- people "ecame refu%ees&
Hi%h economic costs0financial cost of
destro#ing homes and "usinesses1& !esssocial costs0harm to people1
The social costs are much %reateras
death tolls are often higher in thedeveloping world
&rediction
Seismometers. to monitor earth2uakes as
magma rises to the surface
Tiltmeters. to monitor the volcano swelling
as it fills with magma
Aircraft. To measure the amount of gas
given off "# the volcano
'id
The 5nited $ations sent food
T6 appeals in the 57 sent mone# to "e
used for shelter' clean water and
medicines
Emergenc# measles vaccinations were
carried out "# the (orld )ealth
3rganisation
The refugees needed food' shelter andclean water to avoid the spread of diseases
like cholera& This is a "ig pro"lem for
relief workers as most people left their
homes with nothing&
&rotection
Concrete channels. To divert dangerous
8lahar mudflowsConcrete shelters. To protect people from
volcanic "om"s and ash
Evacuation routes. Clearl# signposted&
*eople also have regular drills
Earth(ua)es in MEDCs and !EDCs
Effects 9uildings collapse' killing people 9ridges and roads collapse
:ires "reak out from "roken gas pipes Access for emergenc# services is difficult as transport links are
"locked
Aftershocks are ver# dangerous
;isease can spread with a lack of clean food and water
Tsunamis a ma# occur in coastal areas
Response MEDCs li)e "apan! Long term planning. The# have regular earth2uake drills to educate
people& Emergenc# services practice how to rescue people& *eople
keep emergenc# kits at home 0torch' food' radio1
Man# "uildings in %apan are earth2uake proof ! deep foundations'
strong' fle
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!EDCs li)e Haiti!
The effects are often greater& This is mainl# due to poorl#
constructed "uilding which are more likel# to collapse&
3ften followed "# international response ! countries donate mone#&
The# also send aid and rescue workers as well as tents' medicines'
food and water&