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Public Policy 101
Community Prevention Initiative WorkshopPublic Policy 101
Victor Colman, JDCARS Consultant
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Welcome!
Who are You?
Who am I?
Why are we here?
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Housekeeping
Agenda Group Agreements Parking Lot Expectations Restrooms Breaks
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Objectives
Explain the public health model and environmental prevention.
Explain the connection between policies and norms, and its implication for social change.
Identify and describe available prevention strategies.
Work with tools for community assessment and planning.
Discuss different ways you can advocate for policy change, and guidelines to follow.
Outline key issues in monitoring and enforcement.
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Module 1: Public Policy Landscape
Public Health ModelEnvironmental PreventionSome HistoryNorms and PoliciesReactive and Proactive
Policies
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Public Health Model
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1 has a use problem
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Everybody is Different
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6 6 use socially
2 or 3 abstain
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Individual-focused Prevention Strategies
Seek to change individual behavior Assume problems stem from lack of information or awareness Or inadequate skills
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Intervention for One
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Environmental Prevention
Managing settings and locationswhere use and sales occur
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Smoke free or freely?
Smoke-free areas
Excise taxes
Risks to smoking were well-known by 1964.
Major changes in smokers’ behavior came in the 1990s.
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Evolution of Smoking Bans
08/1990 1
11/1990 2
12/1991 8
12/1993 13
12/1994 53
Number of municipalities or counties in California with mandated smoke-free workplaces
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Evolution, cont’d
1994: Statewide workplace smoking ban
1998: Smoking ban in bars
2007: LA ban smoking in public parks
2008: Smoking in moving vehicle in presence of a minor a misdemeanor
http://www.youtube.com/user/preventioninstitute?feature=mhw4#p/a/u/0/rw1viXQKrVA
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What is a Norm?
Standard or model developed by individuals or groups
Shared beliefs (usually unwritten) about acceptable behavior
Voluntary ways of behaving expected within a certain group
Definition
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Community wheel
HUMAN/SOCIAL SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATIONS
HEALTH CARE PROVVIDERS
FAITH COMMUNITY
GRASSROOTS
EDUCATIONCIVIC VOLUNTEER
RECREATION /PARKS
MEDIA
BUSINESS
LAW ENFORCEMENT
The Community Wheel
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Examples of ATOD Norms by Community SectorSECTOR EXAMPLES
FAMILY
FRIENDS/PEERS
SCHOOL
COMMUNITY ATTITUDES
SOCIAL/ CULTURAL
MEDIA/ ADVERTISING
SPIRITUAL
WORKPLACE
RETAIL ALCOHOL
WHOLESALER/ DISTRIBUTER
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
STATE/FEDERAL GOVT
PRODUCT
Examples of ATOD Norms by SectorGROUP
EXERCISE
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What are Policies?
General principles by which an entity (company, city, county, state, etc.) is guided
The bridge between custom and law
The formal acknowledgement of custom
Formal (written documents)
Informal (unwritten rules)
Definition
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The Ten Commandments
Are they policies or norms?
Discussion
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Reactive-Proactive
Changing norms lead to changes in public policy.
Changing policies impacts social norms.
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Examples of ATOD Norms by Community Sector
SECTOR EXAMPLES
FAMILY
FRIENDS/PEERS
SCHOOL
COMMUNITY ATTITUDES
SOCIAL/ CULTURAL
MEDIA/ ADVERTISING
SPIRITUAL
WORKPLACE
RETAIL ALCOHOL
WHOLESALER/ DISTRIBUTER
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
STATE/FEDERAL GOVT
PRODUCT
Examples of ATOD Policies by SectorGROUP
EXERCISE
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Spectrum of Prevention
Influencing Policy & Legislation
Changing Organizational Practices
Fostering Coalitions & Networks
Educating Providers
Promoting Community Education
Strengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills
http://www.youtube.com/user/preventioninstitute?feature=mhw4#p/u/16/EIDXKhQvwM0
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Spectrum of Prevention -- Worksheet
Influencing Policy & Legislation
Changing Institutional Practices
Fostering Coalitions & Networks
Educating Providers
Promoting Community Education
Strengthening Individual Knowledge
& Skills
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POLICY
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Environmental Prevention
Long-term goal: change social norms
BEHAVIOR
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Policy and Environmental Change – Rationale
“BEYOND BROCHURES”Activity (Program) Focus
Policy Focus
One -time Ongoing
Intended to learn behavior change
Intended to change behavior
Limited duration Long-term
Non-Sustaining Sustaining
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Policy and Environmental Change – Rationale
“BEYOND BROCHURES”Issue Activities /
ProgramPolicy Option
Employee Health &
Productivity
Wellness Fair Agency Nutritional Standards
Changed Behavior
Reach
Cost
Sustainability
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Module 2: Selecting the Right Policy
Data
WRIST
The 4 Ps
Prevention Strategies
Community Planning
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Applied Data and Research
Archival data Key informant interviews
Survey/Polls
Observations
ASIPS/GIS
Know the problems well
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Data is Essential
Data defines the magnitude of the problem.
Good data guides intervention planning.
Information systems demonstrate outcomes To refine the work Identify intermediate outcomes Celebrate success
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Which policy, and at which level?
Which policies can actually change the environment (and reduce risk)?
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Strategic Choices
Mandatory Voluntary Step-by-step
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What Makes Good Policy?
WinnableReal ImmediateSpecificTangible
Policy should be clearly linked to feasible, appropriate goals.
WRIST
--- Makani Themba
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What is Feasible?
What is the political climate? Current trends? What is the level of stakeholder support? How strong and organized is the opposition? How will the policy be implemented and
enforced? How will its effects be monitored and
measured? What unintended consequences might there
be?
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Policies and Civil Liberties
Taxation
Restrictions on advertising
Community policing
Sobriety checkpoints
Restrictions in retail availability
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Focused Policy Choices
Decide on goals that meet the WRIST test.
Select strategies and activities to help meet your goals.
Evaluate, evaluate, evaluate.
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Underlying PrinciplesEnvironmental Prevention and the 4 Ps
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Case in Point
Problem: A residential urban area near a major California University is plagued by public intoxication and related problems. Availability of cheap alcopop products perceived to be an instigating factor.
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Case in Point, cont’dSTRATEGIES OUTCOMES
PLACE Surveyed local retailers to assess availability.Held press conference in front of problem business.
Availability of alcopops in local stores was reduced (voluntary compliance)Press conference created strong media presence that gave coalition leverage.
PRODUCT
Entire strategy focused on particular beverage.
City task force to study the issue of alcopop beverages formed.
PRICE Actively supported proposed state legislation to tax alcopop as distilled spirits rather than as beer/wine.
City takes leadership role in statewide effort.
PROMO Asked retailers to voluntarily remove in-store advertising.
Partial compliance. Advertising was reduced voluntarily.
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Prevention Strategies
Zoning and land use ordinances Responsible beverage service training
Social host policies Nuisance abatement Deemed approved ordinances Crime-free multi-housing training
No need to reinvent the wheel
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Exercise: community planning
Group Activity
SECT
OR:
____
__SE
CTO
R:__
____
SECT
OR:
____
__SE
CTO
R:__
____
COMMUNITY PLANNING: A MENU FOR ACTION
Current Norms Current Policy Strategies Next Steps
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Module 3: Getting Policy Adopted
Community OrganizingThere Oughta Be a LawMedia AdvocacyTalking to PolicymakersNonProfit AdvocacyDeveloping Advocacy Skills
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Community Organizing
Develop constituency for change.Build support for policies.Organize different parts of the
community to play strategic roles.Develop leadership, sustainability.
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Leadership Development
Legitimacy
Visibility
Scope of influence
Group cohesiveness
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Steps in the Community Organizing Process
Assessment Know the community and its issues.
Coalition-building Invite people to join together to make
change.
Mobilization and action Engage the community and facilitate action.
Planning Select the real issues the community can
change.
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Community Wheel
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Rules to Live By
Know and communicate facts clearly and accurately.
Learn the rules of the policy sandbox you’ll be playing in.
Know your allies; work in a coordinated fashion.
Know your opponents. Celebrate victories.
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There oughta be a law
New policies based on existing laws or regulations
Educating the policymakers
Advocating policy change with key stakeholders and organizations
and often there is
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Media Advocacy
Framing the Access- setting the agenda
Framing the Content- shaping the debate
Advancing the Policy- influencing the policymakers
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How to Make News
Hold media events
Create your own media using social media
outlets such as Twitter, Facebook, Youtube
Submit guest editorials and comment on news
outlet blogs and stories electronically
Write letters to the editor
Solicit columnist or features
Organize media ride-alongs
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You Have the Tools!
Compelling messageDataAuthentic voicesPolicy goalsTime and place
opportunities
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How to Talk to a Policymaker Get an appointment. Don’t be awed. Know your facts. Make your pitch in 5-15 minutes. Listen carefully. Do not let him or her evade the issue! Use all questions as opportunities. Use praise. Press for commitment. Build relationship with staff.
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Non-profit Advocacy
Nonprofits and charities can do limited lobbying.
The amount of lobbying depends upon IRS classification.
Small organizations (spending less than $500,000 a year) can expend up to 20% on lobbying.
Advocating candidates for appointed posts is permitted.
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What is Not Lobbying?
Advocacy by unpaid volunteers
Nonpartisan analysis, study or research
Examinations of broad social problems
Alliance for Justice (www.afj.org)55
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Developing Advocacy Skills
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Module 4: Enforcement, Monitoring, and Sustainability
It’s not about police work.
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Strategic Visibility
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Enforcement efforts aimed at business practices, not youth.
Visibility is one key to compliance.
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Enforcement Continuum
Begins with education(such as merchant education)
Emphasizes public safety through prevention
Compliance without arrests, if possible
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Tracking and Monitoring
Monitoring techniques Developing partnerships Working through unintended
consequences
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Next Steps
64 What will you do when you get back home?
Tangible actions Probable challenges Overcoming challenges
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Resources
Community Prevention Institute (www.ca-cpi.org)
Center for Community Action and Training (CCAT) 707 648 4030
The Marin Institute (www.marininstitute.org)
Youth Leadership Institute (www.yli.org) Institute for Public Strategies
(www.publicstrategies.org)
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QUESTIONS
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