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Programmes Environment for the Wireless Applications Development

Ass.prof. Miroslav Galabov, PhD

St.Cyril and St.Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria

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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet• Wireless technology brings communication,

Internet and World Wide Web to users around the world– Consumers and businesses will be able to conduct

all information transactions from mobile devices

• Applications– Businesses: transmitting critical information

– Schools: improved connectivity

– Consumers: purchasing products when away from home

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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet• Location-identification

– location-identification capabilities built into all cell phones

– TDOA (time difference of arrival ), AOA (Angle of Arrival) and GPS

• Benefits• Enhances lives of disabled (Digital Angel)• Improves B2C and B2B applications• Provides focused marketing and store/restaurant

location

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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet• E-payments

– M-wallets: store billing information– Bluetooth wireless technology and infrared:

transactions occur via wireless devices

• Concerns– Continuous marketing: privacy issues– Accumulated personal information

• WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security ) protocol protects wireless information, but not once decrypted at destination

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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet

– Small text-based interfaces

• Technologies– First-generation: analog cell phones– Second-generation: digital transmissions

on circuit-switched networks• GSM, CDMA, TDMA and OFDM (Orthogonal

frequency-division multiplexing)

– 2.5 generation: between 2G and 3G• packet-switching

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1.Overview of m-Business and the Wireless Internet

– Third-generation (3G): streaming audio, video, multimedia and voice transmissions

• W-CDMA(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access ), GPRS, EDGE and CDMA2000

• NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN): leads world in 3G development (W-CDMA)

• Standardization– Variety of transmission protocols– Languages

• HDML(Handheld Device Markup Language), WAP/WML and J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition )

– BREW: enables developers to write applications for devices on disparate platforms

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2.1 Introduction to m-business

• M-businessAn e-business enabled by wireless

communications

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2.2 Adopting Wireless Technologies

• Disadvantages of wireless technology (phones)– Screen size and resolution– Entering information– Incompatible web sites– Phone billing

• New technologies– Web Clipping, WAP, WML, J2ME etc…

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2.3 Creating m-Businesses

• Creating a business plan

Sections Need for Wireless communications

Primary Purpose Define the purpose of adding wireless Internet capabilities to the business. What benefits and services will wireless technology provide?

Strategy Describe how the product or service fits into the market. How is it different from existing products or services and how will it be profitable?

Support Provide reasons that support the implementation of wireless capabilities. How are these justifed as support? Has research been conducted? What is the market? Who are the customers? How will revenue be generated? What are the expenses?

Business Model What business model will be implemented? How will transactions be conducted? How will this enhance currently existing protocols?

Process List the necessary steps to build wireless communications. Does more research need to be conducted before the project can move forward?

Fig. 2.1 Steps to determine the need for wireless access.

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2.3.1 Generating Revenue

• Factors determining revenue– Consumer spending– Advertising– Cost of production– Wireless reliability

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2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and Content Creation• Transcoding

– Converting HTML to WML

• Customizing Content– Writing code for wireless access by variety of

devices and standards

The example:

E*Trade (the global leader of online trading) on Palm– Portfolio management, market activity, help index– No multimedia or interactive features

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2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and Content Creation

E*Trade on desktop– Many more services offered– Multimedia and interactive features– Value Added Services: links to

additional services

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2.3.2 Wireless Web-Site Design and Content Creation• Functionality and reliability over

aesthetics and features

E*Trade on the wireless Palm device and on Microsoft IE

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2.3.3 Business-to-Employee (B2E) Communications• Wireless internet

– Increases productivity– Reduces expenses

• B2E considerations– Changing old procedures and protocols– Implementing security and encryption– New drive/standard-specific protocols

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2.4 Wireless Application Solution Providers• Choosing a wireless device

– Cost– Storage– Compatibility with existing systems

• Wireless solution providers for demands of changing technologies– End-to-end services– Packaged software

• iConverse– iConverse Mobility Platform: helps

enterprise manage data and speech applications for all devices

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2.4 Wireless Application Solution Providers

iConverse is a wireless applications solution provider.

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2.5 Business-to-Employee (B2E) Applications• PocketCashier: service and sales from

remote locations using phones or PDAs• Transportation and shipping industry web-

sites enhance services– DHL, Fedex

• Trucking Industry– Load matching: match truck capacity with

shipping needs– Cargonet.com, Cargonow.com

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2.5 Business-to-Employee (B2E) Applications

• Applications in other industries– Factory Management: wireless chips for

production, monitoring, and safety– Education: e-learning reduces time and

travelSmartforce - leading provider of e-

learning and performance support solutions for global enterprises, government, education and small to medium-sized businesses.

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2.6 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Applications

• Mobile devices– News, scores, e-mail

• Micropayments: small transactions– Accenture’s Mobile Micropayments

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3.1 International Wireless Communications. Introduction• International wireless communication

technologies drive the global economy– US’ wireless penetration (% using

service) lags behind other countries– Companies investing in wireless

infrastructure, creating wireless-accessible content and developing wireless applications

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3.2.1 Asia and the Pacific

• Asia has a highly advanced wireless market– Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan all

have high market penetrations– China has low market penetration

despite 46.5 million subscribers– India has large potential market

Country Subscribers (millions) Penetration

Japan 57.95 43.4

China 46.5 3.7

South Korea 27.5 53.3

Taiwan 11.45 51.6

Fig. 3.1 Top Asian/Pacific cell phone markets.

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3.2.2 Europe• The European wireless market

– Sweden, Italy, and Portugal have highest penetration

– Italy, UK, and Germany have most subscribers

• Ericsson (Sweden)– 30% world’s wireless market– 50% 3G contracts

Country Subscribers (millions) Penetration

Italy 31.1 52.2

UK 25.5 42.9

Germany 25.0 30.2

France 21.1 35.5

Spain 16.4 41

Turkey 9.2 14

Netherlands 7.1 44.9

Sweden 5.4 60

Portugal 4.8 47.8

Fig. 3.2 Top European cell phone markets.

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3.2.3 North, Central and South America• Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and Argentina

have relatively high cell phone markets

• South America is attractive market for foreign investment

• Central America still slow to embrace technology

Country Subscribers (millions) Penetration

Brazil 14.4 8.3

Mexico 8.7 8.6

Canada 7.0 22.4

Argentina 4.7 12.7

Fig. 3.3 Top North and South American cell phone markets.

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3.2.5 Africa

• African developments in wireless infrastructures attracts foreign investors– South Africa and Morocco are the

leaders and have offered 3G licenses– South Africa is one of the most mature

wireless markets and one of the top 20 in the world with approximately 5.3 million cell-phone subscribers.

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4.1 Wireless Communications Technologies.Introduction.

• Millions of people worldwide use wireless services and devices

• Wireless communications– Hardware– Wireless carriers– Networks– Radio Frequency, Laser, Infrared and

Bluetooth Wireless Technology– Satellites

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4.2 Hardware

• Mobile phones, PDAs and laptop computers allow wireless access to the Internet from remote locations

• Outside US, mobile phones are preferred medium for information and e-business transactions

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4.3 Wireless Carriers

• Wireless Carriers: companies providing wireless Internet access to mobile devices– Services– Pricing – Network coverage

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4.4 Wireless Networks• Corporations, businesses and colleges

building wireless networks allowing information access anytime from anywhere

• Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN)– Use wires and cables to connect users to

central server– Many companies and residences turning to

wireless solutions for area networks

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4.4 Wireless Networks

• Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) and Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) – Transmit data through air

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4.5 Radio Frequency, Laser, Infrared and Bluetooth Wireless Technology

• Technologies allowing sharing among wireless devices– Radio frequency– Infrared– Laser– Bluetooth

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4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF)

• Radio Frequency (RF): communications through radio signals– Phones, broadcasts and networks

• Radio Frequency WLAN: networks devices not close together

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4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF)• RF WLAN standards

– HomeRF• In home and small offices• Data and voice products networking between printers,

PCs, and phones• Uses Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP), FHSS

technology

– Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)• 802.11b standard• Airports, restaurants and other areas• High power consumption and low reliability in high traffic

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4.5.1 Radio Frequency (RF)

HomeRF (HomeRF Working Group, Inc. (www.homerf.com))

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4.5.2 Laser and Infrared Technology• Laser technology: connects buildings

– Transceivers (towers) on rooftops communicate through signal and link networks

• Infrared technology:

- connects devices up to 30 feet and needs clear line of sight– More cost-efficient than laser techn.– slow speeds

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4.5.3 Bluetooth• Bluetooth: radio frequencies

– 2000 companies involved in Bluetooth Consortium

– Point-to-multipoint and FHSS packet-switching– Can connect multiple devices within a 30 foot

radius– Interference problems: on 2.4GHz band with

most other WLAN devices

• Bluetooth allows automatic communication as soon as devices enter coverage area

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4.6 Satellite Communications• Satellite communications is alternative for wireless

networks• Satellite system types

– Low Earth Orbit Satellites (LEOs)• 100-300 miles above surface: transmit signals quickly

• Hundreds placed in ring following earth’s curvature: communicate with each other until in range of destination user

– Medium Earth Orbit Satellites (MEOs)• 6,000 to 12,000 miles above surface

• Require fewer satellite than LEOs

• Used by government and for weather

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4.6 Satellite Communications• Satellite system types (cont’d)

– Geostationary Orbit Satellites• 22,282 miles above surface• Replaced less often• More transmission delays and distortions

• Satellites provide voice, data, and location-based services

• Iridium– Motorola satellite network for voice, data, fax and location– Used 66 LEO satellites, bankrupt in 1999 and bought in

2001 by Iridium Satellite

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4.7 Future of Wireless Communication

• Wireless service moving toward 3G technologies– Battle over technologies and standards– Provider globalization– Network upgrades to 3G

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5.1 Wireless Platforms & Programming Languages

• No unifying standard• Protocols, platforms and languages are

important developmental/implementation tools

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5.1.1 Handheld Devices Markup Language (HDML)

• Handheld Devices Markup Language (HDML)– One of first languages for handheld

devices– Similar to HTML– Evolved into WAP and WML

• HDML no longer manufactured, but still present in many devices

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5.1.2 WAP and WML

• Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)– Set of protocols enabling

communication between different wireless devices

– Intended for phones, pagers and other handhelds

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5.1.2 WAP and WML

• Wireless Markup Language (WML)– Creates web content for wireless

devices, based on XML– Microbrowsers: access web via wireless

internet– WML supports WAP– Deck: a WML document made up of

cards– Image support and telephone support

through telephony tags

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5.1.2 WAP and WML

• WAP limitations– Security breaches and unreliability– Limited bandwidth

• Can’t handle multimedia and overloaded easily

• WAP communications– WAP-enabled mobile device– WAP gateway– Web server

WAP Communications Architecture

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5.1.2 WAP and WMLGrowth of WAP, as the platform for

development of wireless web applications

WAP 1.0Black and white screenSlowly load of documents /10-15s/Price– depending on the time of view

WAP 2.0Growth graphics, colors Contents tune in Local cashSecurity server accessCompatibility with WAP 1.0 / WML

XHTML Basic

WAP

WAP 1.2.1GPRS, WAP Push

WAP CSS /XHTML MP

WAP 1.0WML 1.X / WML Script

WAP 2.0WAP CSS / XHTML MP

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5.1.2 WAP and WMLWAP 1.0

WML / WML Script

WML – The first language, specially for WAP

Support the basic functions- presenting of text and images

Limiting possibility for presentations

Integration of presentation in contents

Organize the contents in carts and decks=> Pages visualization only trough WAP-browser

Support scripting of the client - WML Script

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5.1.2 WAP and WMLWAP 2.0

XHTML MP / WAP CSS XHTML MP – The official mark-up language of modern WAP-pages

Wide spectra of functional possibility – growth graphics

Wide varied on instruments for control of contents mode – WAP CSS

Contents and presentation division –external CSS-files /WAP CSS/

Using well knowing recourses for development of web-pages => Pages visualization trough WEB- and WAP- browsers.

In the future will support the client scripting=> ECMA Script Mobile Profile

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5.1.2 WAP and WMLStructure of the information site for mobile phones

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5.1.2 WAP and WMLVisualization with WAP Proof 2008

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5.1.2 WAP and WML

Weather forecast

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5.1.3 Compact HTML (cHTML) & i-mode

• i-mode: popular service in Japan for voice, text, graphics and web-browsing– Uses cHTML, subset of HTML– NTT DoCoMo has over 30,000 cHTML

pages on own servers – eliminates translation

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5.1.4 Java and Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)

• Java: one of most widely used programming languages

• Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME): programming platform for mobile devices– Facilitates development of applications

on wireless devices– Compensates for WAP’s drawbacks

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5.1.5 XML & XHTML• XML: an open technology for data exchange

– XML documents contain data, applications decide how data is displayed

– Markup languages created with XML• XHTML; XHTML Basic

• VoiceXML

• WBXML

– Markup documents• Tags mark and describe data

• Documents are highly portable

• Human and machine readable

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5.1.5 XML & XHTML

• XHTML– Markup language identifies page’s

elements– Equipped to represent complex data on

wireless Internet– Strict syntax and well-formed code

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5.1.6 EPOC

• EPOC (EPOC is a family of graphical operating systems developed for portable devices. EPOC came from epoch, the

beginning of an era) : a platform for next generation wireless devices– Supports phone and PDA for 3G

technologies– Supports C++, Java, WAP and the

Internet; TCP/IP protocols, GSM, Bluetooth and infrared

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5.1.7 Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)

• Qualcomm’s platform enables applications accessible by variety of wireless devices– Ease of use and development – lower costs

and production times– Many possible applications

• Navigation• E-wallets• Games• Music

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5.2 Synchronization Markup Language (SyncML) Initiative• Synchronization

– Sharing information in multiple areas among non-compatible devices

• SyncML Initiative– Formed by 8 companies to develop

standard protocol for information exchange regardless of time, place or device

– Remote synchronization: application used by two devices at same time

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5.2 SyncML Initiative

– Works with fixed, infrared, cable or Bluetooth wireless technology networks

– Divides synchronization areas into client-side and server-side

– SyncML based on WBXML version of XML

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5.3 Future of Wireless Technologies

• Advances in transmission speed and types of information– 3G standards, technologies and

protocols was develop;– Possibly 4G technologies by 2010.

• Multimedia communications will be dominant transmission type of future

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Thank you for your attention!