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Population, Urbanism & the Environment

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World population

Currently

–6.2 Billion Most of human history the

population of the entire earth was 500 Million (1/2 billion)

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Demographic terms

Fertility–Amount of childbearing in a

population–Several measurements of this

Crude birth rate–Live births per 1,000 people each

year

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Demographic terms (Cont.)

Fecundity rate

–Maximum possible childbearing Sex Ratio

–Males for every 100 females

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Concepts

Pop. doubling time

–Rule of 70

•Growth rate divided into 70 Age-sex pyramids

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Malthusian theory

Food increasing arithmetically Pop. Increasing geometrically Result : People reproducing

beyond what the planet can support

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Neo-malthusians

Agree with Malthus and the “Limits to growth” thesis

Out-stripping resources Poisoning the planet

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Anti-malthusians

6X more people on earth Living longer, healthier lives

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Demographic Transition Theory

Population patterns reflect a society’s level of technological development

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Zero Population growth (ZPG)

Two people produce two people Maintains population at a steady

state

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Urbanism

Durkheim

–Mechanical solidarity

•People bound by similarities

–Organic solidarity

•People bound by differences

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Environment (summary)

Acid rain Global warming

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Acid rain

Sulfur dioxide

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Global warming

Average temperature of the planet is rising

Northwest passage (over Canada and Alaska) may soon be a passage for ships

Carbon dioxide