1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is...
-
Upload
alysa-grater -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is...
![Page 1: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS
![Page 2: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Biomaterials
The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination of substances, synthetic or natural in origin, which can be used for any period of time, as a whole or as a part of a system which treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the body’’
![Page 3: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Biomaterials Selection Criteria
• The physicochemical properties
• Biocompatibility
• Mechanical requirements
• The nature of the physiological
environment at the organ/tissue level
• The desired function of the prosthesis
• Cost
![Page 4: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Polymeric Biomaterials
4
• Polymers - long chain molecules of high molecular weight [-(CH2)n- ]
• Covalent , H-bonding , Entanglements
• Replacement and augmentation of various soft tissues(vascular grafts , heart valves , artificial hearts, breast implants and contact lenses).
• Polytetrafluoroethylene, and Silicone rubber
n 1-4 5-11 9-16 16-25 25-50
1000-3000
State Gas Liquid med. visc.
liquid
hi visc. liq.
solid tough plastic
![Page 5: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cardiovascular Disease
Proportion of global NCD deaths under the age of 70, by Cause of death, 2008.
5
![Page 6: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Normal Coronary Anatomy
6
![Page 7: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Coronary Artery Disease
7
(Plaque, Atherosclerosis)
![Page 8: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is Heart Attack?
8
• Coronary artery becomes
blocked - usually by a clot.
• Blood flow is closed off and
a heart attack begins.
• If blockage continues, parts
of the heart muscle start to
die.
• Heart may stop beating.
![Page 9: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Samples of coronary arteries
9
![Page 10: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Treatment
Angioplasty & Stent
![Page 11: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Treatment
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery
![Page 12: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
History of Polymer Biomaterial in Artery Prosthesis
late of 1800s Autologous grafting (veins and arteries). .
Early of 1900s Synthetic implants become available (PVA,PA,PTFE,PE)
1958 PU become available
2005 A multiwalled carbon nanotubes-polyurethane composite (MWNT-PU)
2007 Enhancement of the polyurethane properties, were prepared in various compositions and in medical purity without using any solvent, catalyst or additives.
2009 Fabricated Small diameter vascular grafts from pure Polyurethane (PU), as well as PU reinforced with a weft-knitted tubular fabric(Polyester filament ).
![Page 13: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Coronary Artery Properties
Tensile Strength
(MPa)
Young Modulus
( GPa )Elongation
1.40–11.4 10 ± 3 45–99%
13
Mechanical Properties
![Page 14: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Polyurethane Elastomer
Polyurethanes possess more complex chemical structures that typically comprise three monomers: a diisocyanate, a macroglycol (which is an oligomeric macromonomer) and a chain extender Due to this unique composition, the structure of polyurethanes is quite different from that of other polymers. In fact, PU elastomers usually show a two-phase structure in which hard segment-enriched domains are dispersed in a matrix of soft segments. The hard segment-enriched domains are composed mainly of the diisocyanate and the chain extender, while the soft segment matrix is composed of a sequence of macroglycol moieties.
14
![Page 15: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Polymer Blend
Mixing of two or more different polymers together makes it possible to achieve various property combinations of the final material—usually in a more cost-effective way than in the case of synthesis of new polymers.
Silicone rubber (SR): is a rubber-like material composed of silicone itself a polymer containing silicon together with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• biocompatibility• superior chemical resistance.• Good mechanical properties.• low bacterial action and thrombogenicity.
15
![Page 16: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Coronary Artery from present work
16
![Page 17: 1 POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS VASCULAR GRAFTS. 2 Biomaterials The normal description of a biomaterial is “any substance (other than a drug) or combination.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110320/56649cc25503460f949897c8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Thanks
17