1 Phylogenetic Tree of Reptiles. The Vertebrates 2Mammals Class Mammalia Thought to have evolved...
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Transcript of 1 Phylogenetic Tree of Reptiles. The Vertebrates 2Mammals Class Mammalia Thought to have evolved...
1Phylogenetic Tree of Reptiles
The The VertebratesVertebrates 2
MammalsMammals
Class MammaliaClass Mammalia
Thought to have evolved during the Thought to have evolved during the Mesozoic Era from therapsidsMesozoic Era from therapsids
Mammalian skull accommodates a larger Mammalian skull accommodates a larger brain relative to body sizebrain relative to body size
Chief characteristics and hair and milk-Chief characteristics and hair and milk-producing mammary glandsproducing mammary glands
Infant dependencyInfant dependency
Internal developmentInternal development
Differentiated teethDifferentiated teeth
The The VertebratesVertebrates 3
Mammals - MonotremesMammals - MonotremesMonotremes – (Greek. Monotremes – (Greek. monosmonos: one + : one + trematrema: hole): hole)
•Have a cloacaHave a cloaca
•Egg laying mammalsEgg laying mammals
•Hard-shelled amniotic eggsHard-shelled amniotic eggs
Platypus - young lick up milk off of the Platypus - young lick up milk off of the mothermother
Spiny anteater – young move from egg to Spiny anteater – young move from egg to a pouch a pouch
•All found in Australia or New GuineaAll found in Australia or New Guinea
The The VertebratesVertebrates 4
Mammals - MonotremesMammals - Monotremes
The The VertebratesVertebrates 5
Mammals - MarsupialsMammals - Marsupials
Marsupials – (Gk. Marsupials – (Gk. marsupiummarsupium: pouch): pouch)
•Females contain pouchFemales contain pouch
•Begin development inside females body Begin development inside females body and move to pouch; attach to nipplesand move to pouch; attach to nipples
•Frequently more babies are born than Frequently more babies are born than nipples availablenipples available
•Most abundant in Australia and New Most abundant in Australia and New Guinea, some in South and Central Guinea, some in South and Central America America
•1 in North America1 in North America
The The VertebratesVertebrates 6
Mammals - MarsupialsMammals - Marsupials
The The VertebratesVertebrates 7
Mammals - MarsupialsMammals - Marsupials
Tricky tree: DNA bits called retroposons reveal that marsupials share a South American ancestor but form distinct South American and Australian groups.
The The VertebratesVertebrates
Flying Squirrel vs Sugar Glider??Same thing?
Sugar gliders are marsupuals; flying squirrels are not?
Why do they look and behave so similarly?
The The VertebratesVertebrates 9
Mammals - PlacentalsMammals - PlacentalsPlacentals - Females have organ for Placentals - Females have organ for exchange of maternal and placental exchange of maternal and placental bloodblood
•Nutrients provided to growing offspringNutrients provided to growing offspring
•Active lifeActive life
•Acute sensesAcute senses
•Brain takes awhile to develop.Brain takes awhile to develop.
Why? Why?
How long for humans?How long for humans?
10Placental Mammals
The The VertebratesVertebrates 11
Major Orders of MammalsMajor Orders of Mammals
PerissodactylaPerissodactyla HorsesHorses
ArtiodactylaArtiodactyla DeerDeer
CarnivoraCarnivora CatsCats
PrimatesPrimates MonkeysMonkeys
CetaceaCetacea WhalesWhales
ChiropteraChiroptera
BatsBats
RodentiaRodentia
MiceMice
ProboscideaProboscidea
ElephantsElephants
LagomorphaLagomorpha
RabbitsRabbits
The The VertebratesVertebrates 12
ReviewReview
ChordatesChordates
Non-vertebrate ChordatesNon-vertebrate Chordates
VertebratesVertebrates
FishesFishes
AmphibiansAmphibians
RetilesRetiles
BirdsBirds
MammalsMammals
The The VertebratesVertebrates
Homework – Short Term
anthropoid arboreal
bipedalism culture
hominid hominoid
molecular clock mosaic evolution
Primate prosimian
Homework: Due Monday (end of class)
The The VertebratesVertebrates
Homework – Long Term
Read page 571
•Describe at least two examples of how products from animals are used in medicine.
•For extra credit – find some not listed on this page
Read 576 Connecting the Concepts
•State and support how YOU would measure which group of vertebrates (or invertebrates) are the ‘most successful.’
•Make sure you define successful and defend your position.