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Transcript of 1 Peru Vulnerable Road Users Introduction
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IRF Andean Highway Congress. August 20-22, 2012. Lima, Peru
DESIGNING SAFER ROADS FOR ALL ROAD USERS
Mike Dreznes, Executive Vice President IRF Washington
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The InternationalRoadFederation
A nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization
with the mission to encourage and promote
development and maintenance of better, safer
and more sustainable roads and road networks
www.irfnews.org
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The mission of the IRF is to use technology transfer
to ensure best practices and state of the art
technologies from around the globe are used to
build better roads in every country in the world
www.irfnews.org
The InternationalRoadFederation
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CARLOS ELIAS Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1988
FERNANDO PADRN B Ohio State University 1957
Rolando F PAZ Ohio State University 1962
FRED ROMANI Purdue University 1964
Hector ROZAS F Ohio State University 1973
Luis VERA BARANDIARAN Purdue University 1959
Carlos Chang-Albitres Texas A&M University 1997
Edgar Barriga Calle Ohio State University 1965
Felix CEBRECOS REVILLA Ohio State University 1985
Efrain Serrudo Valdez De Peralta Ohio State University 1956
FERNANDO GALUP University of Maryland 1995
Alan R MARTINOT OLIART University of Texas - Austin 1999
ALFREDO SARAVIA Northwestern University 1971
Jos Luis CANO Ohio State University 1951
Augusto Del Valle L Purdue University 1956
Eduardo Gandolfo G Purdue University 1983
Ricardo Gandolfo Suito Yale University 1949
Aurea Lopez Jara Purdue University 2003
Eliana VIVAR DEL PILAR Purdue University 2002
Edgar Miguel Barriga Ohio State University 2000
Juan Pablo VSQUEZ Purdue University 1990
IRF FELLOWS FROM PERU
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Thank you to
IIRSANorte/IIRSA
Sur for yourkind
contribution to
the IRF Fellows
Educational
Foundation
http://www.iirsa.org/index.asp?CodIdioma=ESPhttp://es.iirsanorte.com.pe/ -
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Who is a Vulnerable
Road User (VRU)?
Someone with little or no external protection,
or has reduced task capabilities, or reduced
stamina/physical capabilities
Pedestrians
Motorcyclists
Bicyclists Transit users
Others
Vulnerable =capable of or
susceptible to beingwounded or hurt
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Who is a Vulnerable
Road User (VRU)?
Many definitions for Vulnerable Road Users
do not include Motorcyclists. For the purpose
of this training, Motorcyclists will be included
in the definition of Vulnerable Road Users
Motorcyclists need to be considered as their
own safety category
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Who Wins this Battle?
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Can we DESIGN for ALL
users all the time?
NO!
But we can
CONSIDER theirneeds
all the time!
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The Problem
In many countries, high volumes of
pedestrians, cyclists and other VRU have little
choice but to travel along roads in close
proximity to fast vehicles
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The Problem
In many countries, high volumes of
pedestrians, cyclists and other VRU have little
choice but to travel along roads in close
proximity to fast vehicles
As a consequence, many VRU are put in a
high risk situation, which inevitably leads to
large numbers of VRU crashes
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The Problem
Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to
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The Problem
Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to
High speed of motor vehicles
Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads
Poor visibility at night,
Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless drivers and pedestrians
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The Problem
Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to
High speed of motor vehicles
Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads
Poor visibility at night,
Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless drivers and pedestrians
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The Problem
Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to
High speed of motor vehicles
Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads
Poor visibility at night
Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless drivers and pedestrians
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The Problem
Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to
High speed of motor vehicles
Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads
Poor visibility at night
Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless drivers and pedestrians
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The Problem
Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to
High speed of motor vehicles
Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads
Poor visibility at night
Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless (BAD) drivers and pedestrians
Careless drivers and pedestrians
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0-40
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The Problem
Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to
High speed of motor vehicles
Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoring
their rights to cross streets and roads
Poor visibility at night
Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless (BAD) drivers and pedestrians
Distracted drivers
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Count how many times
the players wearing
white pass the ball
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The Problem
Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to
High speed of motor vehicles
Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoring
their rights to cross streets and roads
Poor visibility at night
Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless (BAD) drivers and pedestrians
Distracted drivers
Distracted pedestrians
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The Problem
Pedestrian crossings are not respected
Signs are stolen
Zebra stripes wear out without beingrepainted
Street vendors occupy sidewalks, forcing
pedestrians into the streets Vendors coming onto the streets to sell goods
to cars stopped for red lights
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Safer Roads Contribution
Deliver 1/3rd global target?
iRAPs contribution
Focus on risky roads where
deaths concentrated Help build safety into new
road and rehabilitationplans
Help evidence based policy Speed management
Project management
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The Problem
Pedestrian crossings are not respected
Signs are stolen
Zebra stripes wear out without beingrepainted
Street vendors occupy sidewalks, forcing
pedestrians into the streets Vendors coming onto the streets to sell goods
to cars stopped for red lights
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Mixed Traffic
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The Problem
Pedestrian crossings are not respected
Signs are stolen
Zebra stripes wear out without beingrepainted
Street vendors occupy sidewalks, forcing
pedestrians into the streets Vendors coming onto the streets to sell goods
to cars stopped for red lights
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The Problem
Traffic surveys, which form the basis of
highway improvement schemes in developing
countries, rarely includes counts of
pedestrian and other VRU
Planners and engineers are not incorporating
measures for these VRU
Poor vehicle maintenance or the condition and
skill of the drivers
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The Problem
Traffic surveys, which form the basis of
highway improvement schemes in developing
countries, rarely includes counts of
pedestrian and other VRU
Planners and engineers are not incorporating
measures for these VRU
Poor vehicle maintenance or the condition and
skill of the drivers
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The Problem
Traffic surveys, which form the basis of
highway improvement schemes in developing
countries, rarely includes counts of
pedestrian and other VRU
Planners and engineers are not incorporating
measures for these VRU
Poor vehicle maintenance or the condition
and skill of the drivers
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VRU Crashes Issues
Injuries tend to be more
severe, often fatal
Issue is large-scale,
underestimated & growing
Responsibility for safe
mobility of VRU mainly
rests with others: VRUs
cause little danger to
others but run serious risks
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VRU Crashes Issues
Injuries tend to be more
severe, often fatal
Issue is large-scale,
underestimated & growing
Responsibility for safe
mobility of VRU mainly
rests with others: VRUs
cause little danger to
others but run serious risks
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VRU Crashes Issues
Injuries tend to be more
severe, often fatal
Issue is large-scale,
underestimated & growing
Responsibility for safe
mobility of VRU mainly
rests with others: VRUs
cause little danger to
others but run serious risks
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What is the Approach?
Recognize the problem
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What is the Approach?
Recognize the problem
Commit to solve it
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What is the Approach?
Recognize the problem
Commit to solve it
Attack it systematically
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What is the Approach?
Recognize the problem
Commit to solve it
Attack it systematically Evaluate results
This presentation
discusses theseconcepts!
Common Issues with Urban
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Common Issues with Urban
Transport in Most Developing Countries
The majority of urban trips are still by
walking
There is little or no coordination amongst the
different modes of transport
The small-scale private sector is the major
supplier of urban transport services and is
under-capitalized and fragmented
Common Issues with Urban
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Common Issues with Urban
Transport in Most Developing Countries
The majority of urban trips are still by
walking
There is little or no coordination amongst the
different modes of transport
The small-scale private sector is the major
supplier of urban transport services and is
under-capitalized and fragmented
Common Issues with Urban
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Common Issues with Urban
Transport in Most Developing Countries
The majority of urban trips are still by
walking
There is little or no coordination amongst the
different modes of transport
The small-scale private sector is often the
major supplier of urban transport services
and is under-capitalized and fragmented
Common Issues with Urban
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The regulatory system
governing public transport
is inadequate and
ineffective meeting the
demand
Traffic accident rates are
quite high
Roads are in poor condition
Common Issues with Urban
Transport in Most Developing Countries
Common Issues with Urban
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The regulatory system
governing public transport
is inadequate and
ineffective meeting the
demand
Traffic accident rates are
quite high
Roads are in poor condition
Common Issues with Urban
Transport in Most Developing Countries
Common Issues with Urban
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The regulatory system
governing public transport
is inadequate and
ineffective meeting the
demand
Traffic accident rates are
quite high
Roads are in poor
condition
Common Issues with Urban
Transport in Most Developing Countries
Common Issues with Urban
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The skill levels of planning
and regulatory personnel
are inadequate or
nonexistent
Low/poor enforcement of
traffic laws due to
corruption and inadequatehuman and financial
resources
Common Issues with Urban
Transport in Most Developing Countries
Common Issues with Urban
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The skill levels of planning
and regulatory personnel
are inadequate or
nonexistent
Low/poor enforcement of
traffic laws due to
corruption and inadequatehuman and financial
resources
Common Issues with Urban
Transport in Most Developing Countries
Common Issues with Urban
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Transport in Many Developing Countries
Traffic conditions are
chaotic
Uncontrolledparking
Street vendors
Common Issues with Urban
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Transport in Many Developing Countries
Traffic conditions are
chaotic
Uncontrolled parking
Street vendors
P d t i C fli t
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Pedestrian Conflicts
Common Issues with Urban
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Transport in Many Developing Countries
Traffic conditions are
chaotic
Uncontrolled parking
Street vendors
These issues represent a
challenge to the safety of VRU
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0-94
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d i
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Pedestrians
i li
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Bicyclists
li
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Motorcyclists
P bli T it (PT) U
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Public Transit (PT) Users
Oth
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Others
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Pedestrians
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Pedestrians
P d t i A Di
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Pedestrians Are Diverse
Able-bodied
Children
Pedestrians Are Diverse
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Pedestrians Are Diverse
Physically Challenged
P d t i C fli t
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Pedestrian Conflicts
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Pedestrian Accidents
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in Developing Countries
All too common
Frequency growing
rapidly
or road fatalities
Pedestrian Accidents
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in Developing Countries
All too common
Frequency growing
rapidly
Account for up to 50% of
road fatalities in some
countries
Between 1968 and 1998 road
fatalities in some countries increased by 400%
Lack of Pedestrian Facilities
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Create Safety Challenges
Disorganization Obstructing
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Dedicated Walkways & Cycling Tracks
Walking: The Predominant Mode
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Walking: The Predominant Mode
50 percent of all daily trips
Yet segregated facilities are lacking
Cycling is not common in some countries
Continuous routes for cycling or walking are
absent
Walking: The Predominant Mode
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Walking: The Predominant Mode
50 percent of all daily trips
Yet segregated facilities are lacking
Cycling is not common in some countries
Continuous routes for cycling or walking are
absent
Walking: The Predominant Mode
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Walking: The Predominant Mode
When they are
present, footpaths
and bicycle lanes
often are
obstructed or
occupied illegally
by parked cars, and
both legal and
illegal kiosks
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What is Infrastructure Safety
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Management (ISM)?
A systematic approach to improve road
safety by:
Applying PREVENTIVE strategies
Applying REACTIVE strategies
Integrating safety in all phases of
planning, design and operation of road
infrastructure
Infrastructure Safety
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Road SafetyImpact
Assessment
(RIA)
ManagementRoad Safety
Audit
(RSA)
Road SafetyInspection
(RSI)
Black SpotManagement
(BSM)
NetworkSafety
Management
(NSM)
PREVENTIVE
STRATEGIES
REACTIVE
STRATEGIES
New Schemes Existing Roads
Infrastructure Safety
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Management
New
Road?
Road Safety
Audit
Yes No
Crash
Data?
Road Safety
Inspection
No
Black Spot Management
Network Safety Management
Yes
Road Safety
Manuals
Road SafetyAudit
Guidelines
Road Safety
Inspection
Guidelines
Infrastructure Safety
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f f y
Management
Strategy Advantages Disadvantages
Preventive Before the crash
Lives are saved
Hard to justify
funding: no perceivedproblem
Reactive The problem isdocumented
Requires crash dataToo late for thedead/injured
1 Preventive Strategies
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1. Preventive Strategies
RoadSafetyInspec-
tion
RoadSafetyAudit
RoadSafetyImpactAssess-ment
1 Preventive Strategies
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1. Preventive Strategies
RoadSafetyImpactAssess-ment
Road Safety Impact Assessment
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Road Safety Impact Assessment
Identifies the likely effectsof proposed roads or policy
actions on safety
Road Safety Impact Assessment
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Road Safety Impact Assessment
Identifies the likely effectsof proposed roads or policy
actions on safety
Covers the whole roadnetwork
Road Safety Impact Assessment
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Road Safety Impact Assessment
Identifies the likely effectsof proposed roads or policy
actions on safety
Covers the whole roadnetwork
Assesses the impact of
plans with a wider scope:Road Safety Master Plan
1 Preventive Strategies
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1. Preventive Strategies
RoadSafetyAudit
RoadSafetyImpactAssess-ment
Road Safety Audits
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Look beyond compliance
with design standards
Road Safety Audits
Road Safety Audits
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Road Safety Audits
Look beyond compliance
with design standards
A team of safety experts
checks for any possibleimprovements
Road Safety Audits
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Road Safety Audits
Look beyond compliance
with design standards
A team of safety experts
checks for any possibleimprovements
Designs can be modified
before construction
1 Preventive Strategies
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1. Preventive Strategies
RoadSafetyInspec-
tion
RoadSafetyAudit
RoadSafetyImpactAssess-ment
Road Safety Inspections
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Road Safety Inspections
Systematic
assessment of an
existing road with
respect to safetyfeatures
Road Safety Inspections
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Road Safety Inspections
Systematic
assessment of an
existing road with
respect to safetyfeatures
Identifies hazards &
suggests remedialmeasures
2. Reactive Strategies
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2. Reactive Strategies
NetworkSafety
Manage-ment
BlackSpot
Manage-ment
2. Reactive Strategies
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2. Reactive Strategies
BlackSpot
Manage-ment
Black Spot Management
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p g
Any location that has a higher expectednumber of crashes than other similar
locations as a result of local risk factors
Black Spot Management
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p g
Any location that has a higher expectednumber of crashes than other similar
locations as a result of local risk factors
Crashes are analyzed to find patterns andcontributing factors
Black Spot Management
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p g
Any location that has a higher expectednumber of crashes than other similar
locations as a result of local risk factors
Crashes are analyzed to find patterns andcontributing factors
Countermeasures are implemented and
effects are evaluated
Black Spot Management
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Any location that has a higher expectednumber of crashes than other similar
locations as a result of local risk factors
Crashes are analyzed to find patterns andcontributing factors
Countermeasures are implemented and
effects are evaluated
Before and after analysis
Black Spot Map
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Black Spot Map
2. Reactive Strategies
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NetworkSafety
Manage-ment
BlackSpot
Manage-ment
eac e S a eg es
Network Safety Management
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f y g
A modern replacement to traditional BSM
Network Safety Management
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A modern replacement to traditional BSM
Identification and treatment of hazardous
road sections: any section 2-10 km that has a
higher number of crashes than similar roadsections
Network Safety Management
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A modern replacement to traditional BSM
Identification and treatment of hazardous
road sections: any section 2-10 km that has a
higher number of crashes than similar roadsections
May require traffic data
From Black Spot Management (BSM) to
Network Safety Management (NSM)
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Network Safety Management (NSM)
TRADITIONAL
APPROACH
RECOMMENDED
APPROACH
Targeting high concentrations
of deaths and injuries
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of deaths and injuries
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Cumulative road length (%)
Cumulativetrafficvolume
orsocial
cost(%)
Traffic volumeSocial cost of crashes
20% of roads account for 79% of traffic
and 87% of social cost of crashes
10% of roads account for 56% of traffic
and 74% of social cost of crashes
Quality Assurance of the
Safety of Infrastructure
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Safety of Infrastructure
Intermediate Outcome Measure for InfrastructureSafety (Safety Rating, iRAP)
Safety Standards & Design Guidelines
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international Road
A P
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Assessment Programme -
iRAP
Photo: Ian Dibsdall
iRAP Inspections
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Drive through inspections
road features recorded
on specialised equipment
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iRAP Inspections
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Drive through inspections
road features recorded on
specialised equipment
Video capture with
road features coded
and analysed later inthe lab
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Steel Longitudinal Barriers
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Crashes that kill
pedestrians and bicyclists
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1-248
pedestrians and bicyclists
Crossing andmoving along roads
We need safe footp aths,safe cros sing s
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iRAP: Inspecting Roads
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30 + attributes important to
safety every 100 km
Independent of crash data
iRAP :Star Rating
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Level of safety built-in to the road
Car occupants Motorcyclists Bicyclists Pedestrians
Risk Mapping
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Reports
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Maps
Different Charts and Tables for different user groups:
overview by region for banks, detail of infrastructure
deficits for a route for local engineers
RPS stars
Total
1234Not rated
Overview
Detailed
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RPS stars
Total
1
2
3
4
Not rated
1 Dangerous
2 Some Hazards
4 Good Safety
3 Marginal Safety
www.iRAP.netThis slides to
have web
pages as
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p g
examples
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Summary
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The InfrastructureSafety Management
and iRAPschemes
provide a systematicapproach to improve
safety, in this case the
safety ofVulnerableRoad Users!
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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/2%20PERU%20VULNERABLE%20ROAD%20USERS%20%20COUNTERMEASURES.pptx