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TA-6351 (REG):Process Development for Preparing andImplementing IntegratedWater Resources Management Plans:PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN

ByMUHAMMAD ASLAM RASHEED, WASIF SULTAN andABDUL ALI

The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views orpolicies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does notguarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

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TA-6351 (REG) - PAKISTAN

Implemented in Punjab

Two studies were undertakenModernization Plan of Irrigation Department;Individual Consultants: Mark Svendsen , AslamRasheed and Chaudhry M. ShafiDevelop IWRM Framework; Individual

Consultants: Donald Blackmore and AslamRasheed

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INDUS WATER TREATY

• Indus Water Treaty signed by India and Pakistanin 1960. Main Provisions include:India shall have unrestricted use of the three

Eastern rivers, Sutlej, Ravi and BeasPakistan shall receive all the water in the threewestern rivers; Indus, Jhelum and Chenab.

Replacement works include:• Two large storage dams• 6 new barrages and remodeling of 2 existing

barrages• 7 new inter river link canals to transfer waterfrom western rivers to eastern rivers

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PAKISTAN: SALIENT WATER DATA

Canal Irrigated Area 14 Mha

Average Annual Inflow 172 BCM

Average Annual Canal Diversions 130 BCM

Average Groundwater use for

Irrigation

50 BCM

Total Irrigation Use 180 BCM

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Per Capita Water Availability inPakistan

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PUNJAB: RIVERS & LINK CANALS

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Punjab: Canal Systems

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PUNJAB: SALIENT FEATURES

Headworks/Barrages 13Main Canal Systems 24

Length of Main and Branch Canals Km 7945

Gross Command Area Mha 9.45

Length of Distributaries and MinorCanals: Km

31,214

Total Off-take Outlets 58,000Length of Inter- river Link Canals, Km 850

Small Dams 33

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IWRMFramework

What are the Key Policy Questions/Issues?What Knowledge do we need to helpmanage them?

What Legal framework do we need?What decision making Process is needed?

What institutional change and skills areneeded?

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Water Resource Management-

Fundamentals• How much water (surface and

groundwater) is available?• What are the risks/opportunities

associated with these resources—climatechange/ pollution etc?• What is its quality?• Who is authorized to use it (Licensing)?• Who has overall Policy responsibility?

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CONCLUSIONS FROM PUNJAB

IWRM WORKSHOP• More integrated approach is needed.

• Groundwater management most pressing issue.• Strategic leadership of water policy needed.• Planning for the future needs strengthening.• Presently there is strong focus on irrigation with

much less attention to other sectors of the

economy that rely on water.• Water conservation measures needed.

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What Type is Punjab?

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Required Actions

• Institutional reform to sustain resource

base• Holistic approaches to surface and

groundwater management• Reverse environmental degradation and

G/W mining

• Modernization of irrigation infrastructure• Drainage/flood protection etc

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Urban Water IssuesUrbans rely almost entirely on G/WOnly 70% to 80% of current populationserved (already a backlog)G/W heavily polluted in many areas used tosupply Urbans

Lahore threatened by saline water intrusioninto it key aquifer.

Faisalabad aquifer salty-needs to importwater? From Canal/Groundwater –who willgive up their entitlements?

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Analysis of Present Situation

Urbans/Indutrial/Environment have noformal rights to water.

Anybody can put down a tubewell andimpact on others without any restrictions.Surface water has command and controlbecause it is in a canal and everybody isconnected– G/W no rules yet all the aquifers

have the same characteristics as a canal-everyone is connected but no regulation .

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IWRM

Knowledge ManagementMonitoring: Significant Monitoring effort—

not coordinated with other agenciesResearch: No strong informed purchasingof research to inform policyEconomics: Little economic input intowater policy formulation

Modelling and Predictive Capacity:modelling capacity limited

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Groundwater Status

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22

GROUNDWATER ISSUES s al t i m

p or t 2 4 . 5 M

t / yr

Fresh G/W

water table level

Aquiferlost to salt

Brackish G/W

salt movement

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CITIES- THEIR FUTURE

NEEDS—HOW?• At least 80% of economicperformance from urbans by 2025

• Additional 2.6 BCM needed tosupport this growth

• Plus additional water needed toovercome pollution of groundwatersystems

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Modernization/IWRM Initiatives• Inventory of assets and Asset Management Plan

prepared and is being implemented.• Introduction of Farmer Organizations as basic water

management units; 300 FOs established andmanagement of distributary canals transferred.Another 900 FOs to be established

• Creation of new field units – AWB, PIDA• Hiring of specialized staff from the market• Water accounts posted on IPD website• Punjab groundwater management plan prepared;

Being implemented in three pilot areas with supportfrom FOs• GW monitoring in city of Lahore started

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INITIAL WORK PACKAGE• Mission—”Sustainable and Equitable Management of allwater resources for all users in Punjab”• Standing Committee representing all stakeholders

established

• Decision support model being developed• Groundwater Management Plan prepared• Study planned for assessment of how to establish an

appropriate water rights regime for both surface waterand groundwater in Punjab

• Study to understand climate change risks planned• ADB support for these activities through the RETA and

ADB Loan 2178• Rightsizing of the Department and acquisition of modern

skills

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SUGGESTED AGENDA FOR STANDING COMMITTE

1. Agreement on a working Mission statement and the operationalprocedures

2. Evaluate Status of Punjab Water resources availability and demand3. Reports from members on the major issues, discussion and

clarification4. Water Rights-surface and groundwater: Agree next steps5. Consider Options to facilitate transfer between sectors. Agree and

initiate a work program

6. Consider options to improve communication about water and itefficient use to civil society.7. Develop and agree strategy to engage and inform the elected

representatives of the issues

8. Standardize groundwater monitoring and reporting procedures9. Develop a research agenda10. Examine arrangement to increase productivity from water etc etc

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HR PROFILE OF IPDS.No Category Sanctioned Working Strength

1. Executive 792 656

2. Sub Engineer 1324 1021

3. Revenue 6868 4234

4. Beldar 11769 9275

5. Clerical 3873 32246. Technical/Non

Technical14982 10464

7. TOD 7318 4725

TOTAL 46926 33599

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New Skills Required

• Modeling: GW, Canal ops, water quality

• Water supply and demand projections(multiple sectors, physical and economic

drivers)• Electronic databases: creation,maintenance, use

• Computer-based Departmentmanagement processes

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Punjab Irrigation and Water ResourceDepartment (IWRD)

Strategic Planning

Ministerial WR CouncilP&D Chair

Standing WR CommitteeIWRD Chair

WR Analysis &Planning

WRManagement

(GW/SW)

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OFWATER RESOUCE MANAGEMENT

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River MgtUnit

AWBsFOs/IMUs

FO/AWBsupport &regulation

= Contractual Relationship

Irrigation and Water Resource Department

StrategicPlanning

WR Analysis &Planning

WR Management(GW/SW )

Design &Construction

Finance andAdministration

Power

Functions

Support Functions

Punjab Irrigation and Water Resource Department Framework

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Lessons Learned• Entrenched bureaucracies and large landlords area part of the problem. There is resistance to

change.• Department needs reorganization to include

structural elements and new skills to carry out therequired tasks.

• Champions are needed for implementing reformsagenda. Presently there is no sense of urgency onthe part of policy makers.

• Capacity building is essential

• A combination of investments, and policy andinstitutional reforms, supported by a strong M&Eprogram is needed.

• Rightsizing of the Department will be difficult.

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THANK YOU

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