1 osh2-emergency

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Preparing for emergencies

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The Rationale for Emergency Preparation:

Workplace Emergency: Unforeseen situation that threatens your employees, customers, or the public; disrupts or shuts down your operations; or cause physical or environmental damage. Sudden and unexpected Caused by natural or by humans

Involves a combination of: Planning; Practicing; Evaluating, and; Adjustment

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The Rationale for Emergency Preparation: Types of emergencies:

Fire Explosion Release/spill of hazardous substances Toxic gas releases Radiological accidents Civil disturbance Natural events – flood, cyclones, hurricanes,

tornadoes, etc. Bomb threats Workplace violence resulting in bodily harm &

trauma, e.g. strike – esp.at chemical factory Plane crash

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Speed in Response: Can mean the difference:

Life or death

Minimal or extensive damage

Potential fines assessed

A quick response occurs as a result of proper planning:

Prevents panic

Decreases the likelihood of injury and damage

Brings a situation under control in a timely manner

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Components Of Emergency Planning

Emergency Planning

Emergency Notification

Toxic Chemical Release Reporting

Information Requirements

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Emergency Planning: Incorporates Local Emergency Planning

Committees (LEPCs)

e.g. ERT at company/community (e.g. flood)

Incorporates State Emergency Response Commissions (SERCS)

e.g. BOMBA, Jabatan Pertahanan Awam, dsn.

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Emergency Planning Commissions

LEPCs: Required to develop emergency response plans for local communities, host public forums, select planning coordinators for the community, and work in developing local plans

SERCs: Oversee LEPCs, review their emergency response plans

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AGENSI PENYELAMAT & BADAN-BADAN SUKARELA

AGENSI PENYELAMAT UTAMA

AGENSI PENYELAMAT

SOKONGAN

AGENSI BANTUAN & PEMULIHAN

• Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat, Malaysia

• Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance & Rescue Team (SMART)

• Polis DiRaja Malaysia (PDRM)• Perkhidmatan Perubatan

Kecemasan• Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM)

• Jabatan Pertahanan Awam (JPA3)

• Mana-mana pasukan khas yang ditubuhkan

• Pejabat Daerah• Majlis Tempatan• Jabatan Kebajikan

Masyarakat• Jabatan Kerja Raya• Jabatan Pertahanan Awan

(JPA 3)• Ikatan Relawan Rakyat

Malaysia (RELA)• Tenaga Nasional Berhad

(TNB)• Syarikat Telekom Malaysia

Berhad (STMB)• Persatuan Bulan Sabit Merah• St. John Ambulance• Mana-mana agensi & badan

sukarela yang lain

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Emergency Notification:

Emergency Notification of chemical spills: Above required volumes of release:

Names of the substances released

Where the release occurred

When the release occurred

The estimated amount of the release

Known hazards to people and property

Recommended pre-cautions

The name of a contact person in the company

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Toxic Chemical Release Reporting

Companies must report the total amount of toxic substances released to either the Environmental Protection Agency or the state specific environmental agency

Types of releases: Emissions, hazardous waste solids

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Emergency Response Plans: Can incorporate an “Incident Command System

“ICS”

Provides one person in charge – incident commander

Assigns team or individual assignments for the response

Provides a communication system

Radio

Reports, checklists, updates

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Incident Command System (ICS)

Model tool for command,control and coordination of a response

Provides a means to coordinate the efforts of individual agencies of having a common goal of stabilizing incidents and protecting life, property and environment.

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When is ICS used?

Hazardous materials (HAZMAT) incidents

Planned events (celebrations, parades, concerts, official visits, etc.)

Response to natural hazards

Single and multi agency law enforcement incidents

Lack of comprehensive resource management strategy

Fires

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When is ICS used?

Incidents involving multiple casualties

Multi jurisdictional and multi agency incidents

Air, rail, water, or ground transportation accidents

Wide-area search and rescue missions

Private sector emergency management program

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Applicable:

During a routine emergency

When preparing for a major event

When managing a response to a major disaster

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Incident Commander

Finance/Administration

section

Logistics

section

Operations

section

Planning

section

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ICS Components:

Command

Planning

Finance

Logistics

Operations

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Incident Command System (ICS) ICS Components:

Command – to develop, direct & maintain a viable organization & to keep that organization coordinated with other agencies, elected officials & the public

Planning – support Command & Operations include maintain accurate resource status, gather & analyze situation data, provide displays of situation status, estimate future probabilities, prepare alternative strategies, conduct planning meeting & compile & distribute approved Action Plans

Finance – responsible for financial management & accountability on the incident

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Incident Command System (ICS) ICS Components:

Operations – carry out Command direction include achieve command objectives, direct tactical operations, participate in the planning process, modify Action Plans to meet contingencies, provide intelligence to Planning & Command, maintain discipline & accountability

Logistics - provides all of the personnel, equipment & services required to manage the incident include service branch (communications, food services, medical care) & support branch (provide adequate facilities,obtain supplies & resources & service equipment)

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Incident Commander

Finance/Administration

section

Logistics

section

Operations

section

Planning

section

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Occupational Safety & Health (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards)

Regulations 1996 Pemakaian:

Peraturan 2: Pepasangan industri seperti di Jadual 4

P. 10: Dokumen demonstrasi operasi selamat

(a) Kenalpasti kemungkinan bahaya kemalangan besar

(b) Ambil langkah-langkah yang mencukupi untuk cegah apa-apa kemalangan & beri maklumat, latihan, peralatan kepada pekerja

(c) Sedia & kemaskini pelan kecemasan tapak

P. 11: Kajian semula demonstrasi operasi selamat

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Occupational Safety & Health (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards)

Regulations 1996

P. 18 (1) : Sedia dan simpan pelan kecemasan tapak yang terkemaskini & memperinci cara menangani kemalangan besar

P. 21 (1) Menyediakan pelan kecemasan luar tapak bagi kawasan sekitar tapak

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ARAHAN MAJLIS KESELAMATAN NEGARA NO. 20

Dasar dan Mekanisma Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana Negara

Faktor bencana disebabkan kehendak alam & kecuaian manusia

Satu sistem pengurusan bencana yang bersepadu bagi menangani apa –apa jenis BENCANA DI DARAT (ribut-taufan, tanah runtuh, epidermik, letupan, kebakaran, bangunan runtuh, dsn.)

Sistem koordinasi yang mantap dan berkesan antara agensi-agensi operasi

Polisi pengurusan bencana yang bersepadu, berkoordinasi dan bersistematik

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Tahap Pengurusan Bencana

Bencana Tahap I

Berlaku di peringkat daerah (setempat)

Terkawal dan tidak berpotensi untuk merebak

Tidak begitu kompleks

Kehilangan harta benda kecil

Tidak memjejaskan aktiviti harian penduduk setempat secara meluas

Ditangani oleh JPBB Daerah

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Bencana Tahap II

Meliputi kawasan yang lebih luas atau melebihi dua daerah

Kehilangan nyawa dan kemusnahan harta benda yang banyak

Menjejaskan aktiviti harian masyarakat

Lebih kompleks dan menyulitkan usaha mencari dan menyelamat

Berupaya dikendalikan oleh JPBB Negeri

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Bencana Tahap III

Sangat besar dan kompleks

Kawasan terlibat telah merebak melebihi dua negeri

Sumber tempatan sudah tidak mencukupi dan memerlukan bantuan dan pertolongan dari lain-lain agensi kecemasan

Menjejaskan aktiviti ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat

JPBB Pusat perlu menangani bencana ini

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Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB)

JAWATAN PANGKAT

Pengerusi Pegawai Daerah

Setiausaha Penolong Pegawai Daerah (Keselamatan)

Komander Operasi Ketua Polis Daerah

Timbalan Komander Operasi

Pegawai Bomba Daerah

TAHAP I

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JAWATAN PANGKAT

Pengerusi Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri

Setiausaha Pengarah BKN Negeri

Komander Operasi Ketua Polis Negeri

Timbalan Komander Operasi

Pengarah Bomba Negeri

TAHAP II

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JAWATAN PANGKAT

Pengerusi Menteri Yang Dilantik oleh Perdana Menteri

Setiausaha Pengarah Unit Pengurusan Krisis dan Bencana, BKN, Jabatan Perdana Menteri

Komander Operasi Pengarah Keselamatan Dalam Negeri dan Ketenteraman Awam

Timbalan Komander Operasi Timbalan Ketua Pegarah (Operasi) Jabatan Bomba & Penyelamat Malaysia

TAHAP III

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NEGERI PENGERUSI SETIAUSAHA KOMANDER OPERASI

TIM. KOMANDER

OPERASI

W. P.

Kuala Lumpur

Datuk Bandar Pengarah BKN, W. P. Kuala Lumpur

Ketua Polis W. P. Kuala Lumpur

Pengarah Bomba W. P. Kuala Lumpur

W. P.

Labuan

Pengarah Pentadbiran

Pengarah BKN, W. P. Labuan

Ketua Polis W. P. Labuan

Pengarah Bomba W. P. Labuan

W. P.

Putra Jaya

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ACT Detail specific requirements to aid in the event of an emergency

Ex. Access to workplace - BOWEC: Regulation 10 & Factory & Machinery (Safety, Health & Welfare) Regulations 1970: R. 7, 8

Exit Requirements (Uniform Building By Law 1984)[Undang-undang Kecil Bangunan Seragam 1984] & Fire Services Act 1988 & Regulations 1997

Types of Exit Requirements:

Exit arrangements

Exit capacities

Exit components

Exit workings

Exit widths

Exterior exit access

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First Aid Requirements

First-aid requirements means the requirement for first aid facilities, services & personnel at a workplace

First-aid facilities means: A first-aid box A first-aid room First-aid equipment, e.g. stretcher, oxygen

equipment

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First Aid Requirements Evacuations/Rescue Cardiopulmonary

resuscitation (CPR) Heart attacks Eye injuries Strokes Cuts/abrasions Head injuries

Severe bleeding Choking Burns Chemical burns Seizures Electric shock Falls, etc

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Other Training Requirements: Have well-stocked first aid kits available

Have appropriate PPE devices available

Post emergency telephone numbers, rally points

Evacuation procedures

Keep all employees informed, periodically trained

Test emergency procedures occasionally

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Minimum Contents of Workplace First Aid Kits

Sterile gauze dressings (individually wrapped)

Triangle bandages

Roll of gauze bandages

Assorted adhesive bandages

Adhesive tape

Absorbent cotton

Sterile saline solution

Mild antiseptic for minor wounds

Ipecac syrup to induce vomiting

Powdered activated charcoal to absorb swallowed poisons

Petroleum jelly

Baking soda

Aromatic spirits of ammonia

Scissors

Tweezers

Needles

Sharp knife or stiff-back razor blades

Medicine dropper (eye dropper)

Measuring cup

Oral thermometer

Rectal thermometer

Hot water bag

Wooden safety matches

Flashlight

Rubber surgical gloves

Face masks or mouthpieces

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First Aid – Legal Requirement Section 25 (1) (c) of the Factories & Machinery

Act 1967 Regulation. 38 of the Factories & Machinery

(Safety, Health & Welfare) Regulations 1970 Forth schedule – contents of first aid box

S. 15 (1) OSHA 1994 – to ensure the safety, health & welfare at work for all employees

Guidelines on First-aid Facilities in the workplace

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How To Plan For Emergency

Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) requirements

Components: Procedures: Check-lists, etc. Coordination: Incident Command Systems Assignments/Responsibilities Accident Prevention Strategies Schedules: (drills, response time, etc).

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Customizing Plans: Localization Emergency plans must be location specific to be

effective Tools:

Maps: Locations of exits, access points, evacuation routes, emergency equipment, first aid kits, emergency shut-down buttons, etc.

Chain-of-Command: Organizational chart (should ID names and contact information)

Coordination Information: ID of state and federal agencies for emergency contact

Local Training: In plant training for emergency response (fire drills, spill release training, etc.)

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Emergency Response Teams (ERTs):

Typically composed of individuals from various departments:

Maintenance, security, safety and health, fire, hazardous materials, management, etc.

Emergency Response Networks:

A network of ERTs that can response in a designated geographical area

Ex. Chlorine response by the Chlorine Institute

Mutual response agreements

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Computers and Emergency Response:

Expert Systems: Programmed to solve problems

Rely upon a database of knowledge about a particular subject area

A data-base of typical problems that can result;

A data-base of actions required to minimize the problems experienced

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Dealing With Trauma Trauma – psychological stress that occurs as the result of an event

(disaster or emergency) so shocking that it impairs a person’s sense of security or well-being.

Trauma impacts can be distributed among populations well beyond the injured or killed

Ex. Communities

Response Individuals: e.g.Emergencies Team for LIMA in Langkawi

Nations: e.g. Highland Towers Condominium, Coxsaskic epidermic, J. E. epidemic, etc.

Personal: Insecurities, personal stress, identification with the disaster, etc.

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Trauma Response Teams:

Specially trained individuals instructed in methods in which:

To identify trauma and causation factors

To provide trauma relief or guidance

To facilitate long-term response or therapy to the trauma

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The Purpose of Trauma Relief: Minimize the personalization of the attack

or incident

Allow employees to express their thoughts

Keeps employees informed, connected

Facilitates public acknowledgement of what employees have experienced

Ex. Post-traumatic trauma (Vietnam vets)

1 osh2-emergency

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