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Origin and Evolution of Structure and Streaming Flows in the Local Group

Grant J. MathewsCenter for Astrophysics/JINA

University of Notre Dame

X. ZhaoDepartment of Astronomy &

AstrophysicsPenn State University

3rd Subaru Int. Conf.GALACTIC ARCHAEOLOGYShuzenji, JapanNov. 3, 2011

The Galaxy & the Local Group

• The Galaxy did not form in isolation.• It is the product of the development of

much larger structure.• It was formed in concert with the entire

Local Group and was affected by dark matter, dark energy, mergers, star formation and nucleosynthesis processes, mass ejection, heating, and cooling occurring throughout a large volume.

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The Simulations

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X. Zhao & GJM, PRD (2011)

http://www.nd.edu/~xzhao/

CMB LSS Local Group

Initial conditions

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CMBFAST CMB power spectrum

Use power spectrum to generate a spectrum of random Gaussian fluctuations

WMAP Cosmic Microwave Background Z ~ 1100

Z ~ 49

The Simulation

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Large Scale Structure Simulation

Local Group

no

GADGETSPH Hydro

yes

GravityN-body

Heating/Cooling

Star Formation

Stellar Wind

Mass ejectionNucleosnthesisHeating

6X. Zhao & GJM (2011)

Begin with LSS

Large Scale Structure Simulations

X. Zhao & GJM (2011)

Scan for Poor Clusters

Local Group Galaxies1 distance diameter luminosity type

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2 Milky Way - 100,000 14,000 spiral

3 Sagittarius 78,000 15,000 30 elliptical

4 LMC 160,000 30,000 2,000 irregular

5 SMC 190,000 20,000 250 irregular

6 Ursa Minor 225,000 1,000 0.3 elliptical

7 Draco 248,000 500 0.3 elliptical

8 Sculptor 250,000 1,000 1.5 elliptical

9 Carina 280,000 500 0.4 elliptical

10 Sextans 290,000 1,000 0.8 elliptical

11 Fornax 430,000 3,000 20 elliptical

12 Leo II 750,000 500 1 elliptical

13 Leo I 880,000 1,000 10 elliptical

14 Phoenix 1,270,000 1,000 0.8 irregular

15 NGC6822 1,750,000 8,000 300 irregular

16 And II 1,910,000 2,000 5 elliptical

17 NGC147 1,920,000 10,000 80 elliptical

18 NGC185 2,000,000 6,000 110 elliptical

19 Andromeda 2,500,000 150,000 40,000 spiral

20 M32 2,500,000 5,000 300 elliptical

21 NGC205 2,500,000 10,000 250 elliptical

22 M33 2,500,000 40,000 4,000 spiral

23 IC1613 2,500,000 12,000 80 irregular

24 LGS 3 2,500,000 1,000 0.6 irregular

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• distance diameter luminosity type _____________________________________________

25 And I 2,570,000 2,000 5 elliptical

26 And III 2,570,000 3,000 1 elliptical

27 EGB0427+63 2,600,000 1,000 0.8 elliptical

28 Tucana 2,900,000 500 0.6 elliptical

29 WLM 3,000,000 7,000 30 irregular

30 SagDIG 3,700,000 5,000 2 irregular

31 IC10 4,000,000 6,000 1,000 irregular

32 Pegasus 5,800,000 7,000 50 irregular ___________________________________________________________ distance and diameter are in light-years luminosity is in millions of Suns

Local Group Simulations

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Dark Matter

Galaxies form in Dark Matter Potentials

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Galaxies

A Milky Way Like Galaxy

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Results of Simulations:

• Significant star formation occurs far from the galaxy in protogalactic structures.

• Dwarf Proto-galactic halos arrive in a stochastic stream flowing along dark-matter filaments.

• The local-group like system shows an alignment defined by the directions of the streaming flows

Simulation Comoving Velocity Flow

15Zhao & Mathews (2011)

• Is there evidence for aligned flow in the Local Group?

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High Velocity Clouds

17B. Wakker et al. (1999)

Observed Local Group Radial motion

18-1.5 Mpc +1.5 Mpc0.0

Need to analyze extended Local Group

Redshift distributionGoslowski et al 2006

19http://www.astro.utu.fi/EG/ELG/

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Conclusions• Galaxies are not isolated objects but are the

culmination of halo formation, mergers, star formation and nucleosynthesis in an extended connected environment.

• Significant star formation and occurs far from the galaxy in aligned dwarf proto-galactic structures.

• Dwarf Proto-galactic halos arrive in a stochastic stream flowing along dark-matter filaments.

• There is marginal evidence for alignment and streaming motion in the Extended Local Group