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Transcript of 1 org.perf it supp_appl
Chapter 1
Chapter 11
Organizational Performance: IT Support and Applications
Learning Objectives
Chapter 12
Describe the digital economy and digital enterprises.
Recognize the relationship between performance, organizational pressures, and responses and technology.
Define IS and IT. Understand what the adaptive enterprise
is ? Understand the support role that IS and IT
play in the organization. Understand the importance of learning
about IT.
Doing Business in the Digital Economy
Chapter 13
Conducting business in the digital economy means using Web-based systems on the Internet and other electronic networks to do transactions electronically.
Digital Enterprise
Chapter 14
Digital enterprise is a new business model that uses: IT in a fundamental way to
accomplish one or more of three basic objectives:Reach and engage customers more
effectively,Boost employee productivity,Improve operating efficiency
Digital Enterprise
Chapter 15
Uses converged communication and computing technology to improve business processes.
A digital enterprise used networks of computers to e-connect: all its internal parts via an intranet.
all its business partners via the Internet or Extranet.
Digital EconomyDigital Economy refers to an economy that
is based on digital technologies.Sometimes called the Internet economy,
the new economy, or the Web economy.Is a convergence of computing and
communication technologies on the Internet and other networks, and the resulting flow of information and technology that is stimulating electronic transactions and vast organizational change.
Chapter 16
Digital Economy – “New” Economy
Chapter 17
E-Business: The use of electronic technologies to transact business
Collaboration: People and Organizations interact, communicate, collaborate, and search for information
Information Exchange: Storing, processing and transmission of information
Digital Business
Chapter 18
Major IT characteristics in the DEGlobalizationDigital systemsSpeedInformation overloadMarketsDigitizationBusiness models and processes
Chapter 19
Major IT characteristics in the DEInnovationObsolescenceOpportunities FraudWarsOrganizations
Chapter 110
Opportunities for EntrepreneursProvides un-parallel opportunitiesCreate “dot-com” companies from
inceptionApply EC business models to
different business areasSell products onlineOnline medical adviseSecured e-payments
Chapter 111
E-Commerce and Network Computing
Infrastructure for digital organization and EC is made up of:Networked computing (distributed computing) which connects computers and other e-devices via telecommunication networks.
Chapter 112
-cont..Standalone computers or networks
confined to single location use multiple-location networked computers connected to the global networked environment known as Internet.
Internet’s counterpart within an organizations, are called an Intranet.
Some link intranets to their business partners over networks called Extranets
Chapter 113
Major capabilities of CISCIS = Computerized Information
SystemsPerform high speed, volume and
numerical computations.Provide fast, accurate, reliable, and
inexpensive communication within and between organizations, any time any place.
Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access, yet small space.
Chapter 114
-cont…Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information world wide at any time.
Enable collaboration anywhere, anytime.
Chapter 115
Major capabilities of CISIncrease the effectiveness and efficiency
of people working in groups in one place or in several locations.
Vividly present information that challenges the human mind.
Facilitate work in hazardous environments.
Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manually done tasks.
Facilitate global trade.
Chapter 116
Major capabilities of CISEnable automation of routine
decision making.Facilitate complex decision
making.Can be wireless, thus supporting
unique applications anywhere.Accomplish all of the above much
less expensively than when done manually.
Chapter 117
The Old Economy – Taking Photo’s
Chapter 118
1. Buy film in a store2. Load your camera3. Take pictures4. Take roll of film to store for processing5. Pickup the film when ready6. Select specific photos for enlargement7. Mail to family and friends
The New Economy – Taking Photo’s
Chapter 119
1st Generation Digital Photography Old economy (except 6 and 7) were
replaced by using a scanner and emailing
2nd Generation Digital Photography Use a Digital Camera, no film, no processing
3rd Generation Digital Photography Your Digital Camera is now in your mobile
phone, your binoculars, or palmtop computer.
The Global Platform of the New Economy
Chapter 120
A huge number of digitizable products; that is products that can be converted to digital format. Most common are: books, movies, magazines, TV and radio programming, electronic games, music CDs, and computer software.
Consumers and firm conducting financial transaction digitally.
Physical goods such as home appliances and automobiles that contain embedded computer chips and connectivity capabilities.
Electronic Business
Chapter 121
Businesses increasingly perform their basic functions: buying and selling goods and services, servicing customers, and collaborating with business partners electronically
This process is known as electronic business (E-business) or electronic commerce (E-commerce)
New Economy vs. Old Economy
Example Old New Buying and selling textbook Visit the bookstore Visit web site for publishers
and retailers
Registering for classes Walk around campus to Departments, Registrar’s office, etc.
Access campus web site
Photography Buy film, use camera, take picture, take it for processing
Use digital camera
Paying for Gasoline Fill up your car, go inside, pay cash or credit card
Use speed pass token; wave over the sensor and go
Paying for Transportation Pay cash, metal tokens Metro cards electronic cards
Paying for goods Visit store, select item, pay, go Use self-service kiosks
Supplying commercial photos Use newspapers, paper, catalog, or online
Use hub-like supply chain with digitized picture
Chapter 1 22
Business Models
Chapter 123
A business model is a method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself. The model spells out how the company adds value to create a product or service. (Value Chain)
Nokia makes and sells cell phonesA TV station provides free broadcasting. Its survival
depends on a complex model involving advertisers and content providers
Internet portals, such as Yahoo, also use a complex business model.
Digital Age Business Models
Chapter 124
Name-Your-Own Price
Reverse Auctions
Affiliate Marketing
E-Marketplaces and Exchanges
Electronic aggregation (buying groups)
Drivers Forcing Changes In Business Models
Chapter 125
Environmental, organizational, and technological factors
React frequently and quickly to both the threats and the opportunities resulting from this new business environment
A response can be a reaction to a pressure already in existence, an initiative intended to defend an organization against future pressures, or an activity that exploits an opportunity created by changing conditions
Business Pressures
Business Critical Response Activities
The Drivers of Change (Continued)
Chapter 1 26
Business Pressures, Organizational Responses, and IT Support
Chapter 127
Business Pressure - The business environment is the combination of social, legal, economic, physical, and political factors that affect business activities
Significant changes in any of these factors are likely to create business pressure on the organization
The three types of business pressures faced are: market, technology, and societal pressures.
Three Types of Business Pressures
Chapter 128
Market Pressures:
The Global Economy and Strong Competition
The Changing Nature of the Workforce
Powerful Customers
Business Pressures (Continued)
Chapter 129
Technology Pressures:
Technological Innovation and Obsolescence
Information Overload
Business Pressures (Continued)
Chapter 130
Societal Pressures:
Social Responsibility
Government Regulation and Deregulation
Protection Against Terrorist Attacks
Ethical Issues
Organizational Responses
Chapter 131
Strategic Systems provide advantages that enable organizations to increase market share and/or profits, better negotiate with suppliers, or prevent competitors from entering their markets
Customer Focus is the difference between attracting and keeping customers by providing superb customer service and losing them to competitors
Organizational Responses (Continued)
Chapter 132
Make-to-Order is a strategy of producing customized products and services
Mass Customization is producing a large quantity of items, but customizing them to fit the desire of each customer
E-business and E-commerce is the strategy of doing business electronically
What is an Information System?
Chapter 133
An IS is a system that collects, processes, stores, analyzes and disseminates information for a specific purpose.
An IS includes :Inputs(data, instructions)Outputs (reports, calculation)ProcessFeedback
Information System
Chapter 134
Formal and Informal ISFormal systems include agreed-
upon procedures, standard inputs, outputs and fixed definitions.
Informal systems may be in any form or shape, ranging from an office gossip network or group of friends exchanging letters electronically.
Chapter 135
What is a CBIS?Computer Based Information
System.CBIS is an IS that uses computer
technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks.
Can include PCs and software.1000s of varying sized computers,
printers, plotters, networking devices and databases.
Chapter 136
Business Information System
Chapter 137
Components of CBISHardwareSoftwareDatabaseNetworkProceduresPeoplePurpose Social Context
Chapter 138
What is an Information Technology?IT is the collection of computing
systems used by an organization.It refers to the technological side
of an information system.IT includes:
Hardware, softwareDatabases, networks andOther Electronic devices
Chapter 139
Why Should You Learn about Information Technology (IT)?
Chapter 140
IT is essential for work in organizationsIT will reduce the number of middle
managersIT will change the manager’s jobIT impacts employees at workIT impacts employees’ health and safetyIT is used by all departments
Why Should You Learn about IT? (Continued)
Chapter 141
IT provides opportunities for people with disabilities
IT provides quality-of-life improvements
Improvements in health care
Crime fighting and other benefits
Managerial Issues
Chapter 142
Recognizing opportunities for using IT and Web-based systems.
Who will build, operate, and maintain the information systems. How much IT?
How much and HOW important is IT? Is the situation going to change? Globalization. Ethics and social issues. Transforming the organization to the
digital economy.