1 Operating the Power Grid: Current Scenario and Challenges Ahead V. K. AGRAWAL General Manager...

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Largest sized hydro unit (180 MW at Chamera) in the country

Salient FeaturesNorthern Regional Power System

Welcome

UNUSUAL

GRID OPERATING CONDITIONS

Operating the Power Grid:

Current Scenario and Challenges Ahead

V. K. AGRAWAL

General Manager

SRLDC, Bangalore

8th November, 2006

2

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA – QUICK FACTS

SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – AN OVERVIEW

GRID CONTROL - ISSUES & CARDINAL EVENTS

POWER SECTOR - THRUST AREAS & ISSUES

SR GRID – PROJECTS IN PROGRESS

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REGIONAL GRIDS

QUICK FACTS

4

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INSTALLED CAPACITY

NORTHERN :- 34,207 MW

EASTERN :- 16,478 MW

SOUTHERN :- 36,921 MW

WESTERN :- 37,100 MW

NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,404 MW

TOTAL 127,110 MW

REGIONAL GRIDS

5

Inter Regional Links – Current Capacity

2700 MW2700 MW

1200MW1200MW

2000MW2000MW

1200 MW1200 MW

900 MW900 MW33,782 MW

16,680

34,867 MW

36,031 MW

2433

1850 MW1850 MW

1650 MW1650 MW

Present IR Present IR Capacity = Capacity = 11,500 MW11,500 MW

6

11850 MW

1200 MW6050 MW

5500 MW

1400 MW6150 MW

36,700 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012

EASTERN REGION

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11th PLAN (2012)

4000 MW

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TRANSMISSION VOLTAGE

OWNERSHIP TOTAL

CENTRAL STATE

Circuit Kilometer

+ 500 kV HVDC

4,372 1,504 5,876

765 kV charged at 400 kV

917 409 1,326

400 kV 40,854 22,607 63,461

220 kV 9,220 98,521 107,741

132 kV* 2,152 93,126 95,278

Total 57,515 216,167 273,682

EHV Infrastructure

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68 0 72 0 76 0 88 0 92 0 96 080 0 84 0

S S

W W

NN

EE

NE

82.5 0

L

GEO POLITICAL

POWER REGIONS

B’DESH-

SRI

NEPALBHUTAN

INDIAINDIA

J&K

HPPUNJAB

HARIANA

RAJASTHANUP

MP

BIHAR

ORISSA

WBGUJARAT

MAHARASHTRA

KARNATAKA

TAMIL

NADU

AP

ASSAM

MNP

MIZTRP

NG

ME

LAKSHADWEEP

A&N

MYANMAR

SKM

PONDICHERY

DELHI

GOA

DIU

DAMAN

NER NER

LANKA

JKND

CTGR

UTTARANCHAL

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Ministry of Power, Govt of India

MOP, State Govt.

Central Sector Companies

• Generating Utilities- NTPC, NHPC, NEEPCO, NPCIL

• Transmission Utility- POWERGRID

• APEX BODY -RLDC

• Finance-PFC

• Rural Electrification- REC

Authorities

CEA

R&D

CPRI, NPTI, PSTI

Mega IPPs

State Sector

• Generation

• Transmission

• DistributionState IPPs

CERC

SERC

Appellate

Tribunal

Trading Co.

Pvt. DISCOM

Indian Power Sector - Institutional Framework

10

INDIAN POWER SECTOR - HIERARCHICAL SET UP

AND TYPICAL FUNCTIONS

CEA

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

UNDER CENTRAL GOVT.,POWER MINISTRY

PLANNING, SPECIFYING TECHNICAL STANDARADS, PROMOTE RESEARCH AND MEASURES FOR ADVANCING THE SKILLS AND ASSISTING & ADVISING THE GOVT

CERC

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION

CENTRAL REGULATOR

CENTRAL GOVT.

RPC

REGIONAL POWER COMMITTEE (FORMERLY REB) – ONE AT EACH REGION

COMMITTEE FOR FACILITATING THE INTRGRATED OPERATION IN THE REGION

CTU

RLDC

REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE –

APEX BODY –

TO ENSURE INTEGRATED OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM IN THE REGION

CGS

CENTRAL GENERATING STATIONS

CENTRAL STATIONS HAVING GENERATION CAPACITY ALLOCATED TO DIFFERENT

STATES ON LONG TERM BASIS

SERC

STATE GOVT.

IPP

CENTRAL TRANSMISSION UTILITY

TO UNDER TAKE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH ISTS AND ITS PLANNING, COORDINATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TO PROVIDE

NON- DISCREMENATORY OPEN ACCESS

CPP

SGCSTU

SLDC

DISCOMS

CONSUMERS

STATE ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION

STATE GENERATING STATIONS

OWNED BY GENCO’S/SEB’S

INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS

CAPTIVE POWER PLANTSTATE TRANSMISSION

UTILTY

RESPECTIVE TRANSC’S/SEB

STATE LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES –

FORMED AFTER UNBUNDLING

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ALL INDIA MARKET COMPOSITION

5%9%

3%

46%

37%

State Sector long termPPACentral Sector longterm PPAIPP generation

Short Term Trading

Balancing market

(1,27,110 in 2006) AS on 31-07-06

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3310, 3%6158, 5% 32135, 26%

82227, 66%

HydroThermalNuclearWind & Others

Source wise composition of installed capacity in India (1,27,110 in 2006) AS on 31-07-06

13

ALL INDIA GENERATION COMPOSITION

16.8, (3%)

486.1, (83%)

84.5, (14%)

ThermalHydroNuclear

Total Market Size = 587.4 BU

Total Installed Capacity 1,27,110 MW

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Sector wise consumption of electricity in India

22%

29%

5%

35%

6%

3%

IndustryDomesticRailwaysAgricultureCommercialOthers

Total Installed Capacity 1,27,110 MW

15

SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID

OVERVIEW

16

SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY

ANDHRA PRADESH

TAMIL NADU

KARNATAKA

KE

RA

LA

POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)

AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)

INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 36,921 MW(29.0%)

WEATHER :- South-west monsoon

North-east monsoon

SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM

17

SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICSANDHRA PRADESH

INSTALLED CAPACITY – 8944 MW

MAX DEMAND MET – 8241 MW

DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 171 MU

DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 142 MU

CONSUMER PROFILE –

INDS -27%, DOM-22%, COMM-5%, IRRI-39% & OTHERS-7%

KARNATAKA







KERALA






INDS -34%, DOM-44%, COMM-13%, IRRI-2%& OTHERS-7%

TAMIL NADU







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ANDHRA PRADESH

POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES

AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM)

NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS

PER CAPITA CONS. :- 719 UNITS

MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE

CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID

SR STATES – GEOGRAPHYKARNATAKA


AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI


KERALA


AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES

CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID

TAMIL NADU


AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS


19

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SRSUMMARY OF INSTALLED CAPACITY(MW)

AS ON 31.07.2006

AGENCY HYDRO THERMAL GAS/DIESEL WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR TOTAL

ANDHRA PRADESH 3587 2963 272 2 --- 6824

KARNATAKA 3389 1470 128 4 --- 4991

KERALA 1835 --- 235 2 --- 2072

TAMILNADU 2137 2970 423 19 --- 5549

PONDICHERRY --- --- 32 --- --- 32

CENTRAL SECTOR --- 8090 360 --- 880 9330

IPP 278 387 3149 4309 --- 8123

TOTAL

11226 (30%)

15880 (43%)

4599 (13%)

4336 (12%)

880 (2%)

36921 (100%)

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11226(30%)

15880(43%)

4337(12%)

880(2%)

4599(13%)

SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR

All Figures In MW

TOTAL 36,921 MW

HYDRO

THERMAL

WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR

NAPTHA/GAS/DIESEL

GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION

A.PKAR

TNKERGENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW

GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW

GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW

TYPICAL

GENERATOR

SPREAD

IN SR

UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

THERMAL (500 MW) 2 8 10

THERMAL

(200-250 MW)10 7 13 15 45

GAS/THERMAL

(100-150 MW)9 2 3 10 24

HYDRO

(>50 MW)27 29 16 15 87

TOTAL 48 38 19 38 165

- HYDRO

- THERMAL

- GAS / NAPTHA

- NUCLEAR

CPP/IPP PLANTS IN SOUTHERN REGION

A.P

KAR

TNKER

Station Name I/C in MW

Variable Cost (Ps)

TATA ELECTRIC 79.1 390

JINDAL 260 280

THANNEERBAVI 220 500


Variable Cost (Ps)

KASARGOD PCL 22 470

BSES 157 560

KUTHUNGAL 21 ---

MANIYAR 12 ---

KAYAMKULAM 360 580


Variable Cost (Ps)

HITEC 15

TCPL 63.5

GMR VASAVI 196 444

SAMALPATTY 105 474

ST-CMS 250 161

P P NALLUR 330.5 550

ABAN 113 88

MADURAI POWER 106 456

ARKAY 38

Station Name I/C MW

Variable Cost (Ps)

SIMHADRI 1000 104

BSES 220 168

VEMAGIRI PGL 233

SPECTRUM 208 104

JEGURUPADU EXT.

220

JEGURUPADU 216 102

LANCO 355 125

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LOAD 500-1500 MW

LOAD 200-500 MW

TYPICAL

LOAD

SPREAD

IN SR

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR

GAZUWAKA

HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAH

DAVANAGERE

RAMAGUNDAM

BANGALORE

MUNIRABAD

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

KOLAR

63

HOSUR

1

60

P

NELLORE

NELAMANGALA

KURNOOL

KALPAKKA

SIMHADRI

HIRIYUR

TALAGUPPA

MAMIDIPALLY

SRI SAILAM

-- OF NTPC

-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH

-- OF TAMIL NADU

-- OF NLC

-- OF POWERGRID

400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR

NEYVELI TPS I (EXP)

POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL

AP 8 9 2 19

KAR 6 5 1 12

KER 2 2

TN 6 1 2 9

TOTAL 22 15 5 42

TRIVENDRUM

NARENDRA

VEMAGIRIGMR

JEGRUPADU EXTN

MEHA BOOB NAGAR

CHITTOOR

-- OF NPC

KAIGA

MYSORE

-- OF KARNATAKA

ALMATHI

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TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA

ABOUT 3000 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS

VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

400 KV 2680 1616 10905 15201

220/230 KV 10274 7839 2692 6538 366 27709

132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220 32360

TOTAL 25314 15515 6412 16758 11271 75270

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10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

24000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR

WINTER

MONSOON

SUMMER

EVENING PEAK

CONSUMPTION

27

GRID CONTROL

ISSUES & CARDINAL EVENTS

28

GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST

• LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS

– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES

• LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION

– CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES

– SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS

• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS

– SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD

• ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES– UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT

29

GRID OPERATION – PRESENT STATUS

STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY

IMPROVED VOLTAGES

MERIT ORDER OPERATION

INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES

IMPROVED GRID SECURITY

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GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS

• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME

• GENERATION ADDITION

• INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS

• SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS

• OPERATIONAL EXELLANCE

ABT UI

ULDC

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Components of inter-utility tariff(Pre – ABT Mechanism)

COMPOSITE TARIFF COMPRISING OF :

Fixed charges Interest on loans Depreciation O & M charges Return on equity Interest on Working Capital

Energy charges (fuel cost) Surcharge & other levies

32

Components under Availability Based Tariff (ABT)

TARIFF CONSISTS OF MAINLY

THREE COMPONENTS :Capacity charges

Energy charges

Unscheduled Interchange (UI)

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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

48.9 49 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7 50.8 50.9 51

Frequency ----------->

UI ra

te

-----

------

------

>

Below 49.0 Hz UI rate =570 p/u

At 50.0 Hz UI rate =150 p/u

At 49.8 Hz UI rate =210 p/u

Above 50.5 Hz UI rate =0 p/u

UI RATE

Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/InjectionFrequency (Hz) Rate (p/u)

Above 50.5 0

50.0 150

49.8 210

49.0 and below 570

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UI - A RATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC VECTOR

BALANCING MARKET

MERIT ORDER OPERATION

TRANSPARENCY

NEUTRALITY

SIMPLICITY

PRICE SIGNAL EASILY AVAILABLE

NO NEED TO NEGOTIATE ANY PRICE

EASY SETTLEMENT

EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND IMPLEMENT

EASE OF REGULATION

35RTU RTU RTU

SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC

ERLDC

WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC

NERLDC

NLDC

32 Nos.

51 Nos.

1160Nos.

Unified Grid OperationUnified Grid Operation

5 Nos.

NationalLevel

RegionalLevel

State HQLevel

Group / Distt Level

Plant / Sub-Station Level

36

RLDC,Bangalore

KalamasseryHyderabad BangaloreChennai

Cuddapah

Warangal

Vijayawada

Kalam’erry

Kannur

Trivandrum

Chennai

Erode

Madurai

Bangalore

Lingusugur

Hubli

CPCC SCC, Pondy

Hyderabad

Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region

Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka

37

Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control

Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer

≈10,000MU

Transformers (220kV and

above)480 nos.

Installed Capacity

≈36031 MW

Integrated Opn

of Ten Power Utilities

Dynamic Grid

Conditions

Generators –Hydro,

Thermal,Gas/IPP

422 nos.

Transmission

Network 400/220kV

≈ 40700 Ckm

30,000 POINTSActive Power, Reactive

Power,Voltage, Frequency,

TransformerTap Position, Circuit

Breaker Position, Isolator Position etc

Transformation

Capacity ≈45000 MVA

38

GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR

1947

5

1983

0

2030

4

2129

8

2213

3

2298

3

2417

3

2616

3 2850

1

2952

6 3273

3 3603

1

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

YEARS - - ->

IN MW

39

KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

5000:

001:

002:

003:

004:

005:

006:

007:

008:

009:

0010

:00

11:0

012

:00

13:0

014

:00

15:0

016

:00

17:0

018

:00

19:0

020

:00

21:0

022

:00

23:0

00:

00

TIME ---->

IN M

W --

-->

48.50

49.00

49.50

50.00

50.50

51.00

FREQ

UENC

Y IN

HZ

---->

GENERATOR MODE

PUMP PUMP

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KADAMPARAI ENERGY GENERATED/PUMPED DURING LAST 5 YEARS (MU)

MONTHS2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 * 2005-06

GENERATOR MODE

GENERATOR MODE

GENERATOR MODE

PUMP MODE

GENERATOR MODE

PUMP MODE

GENERATOR MODE

PUMP MODE

APRIL 0.1 3.9 35.0 40.0 26.0 35.0 0.0 2.6

MAY 0.0 1.4 37.0 43.0 41.0 48.0 29.6 45.7

JUNE 1.0 6.4 29.0 45.0 55.0 35.0 45.3 51.2

JULY 27.5 6.9 47.0 49.0 50.0 49.0 79.0 62.3

AUGUST 21.4 8.8 54.0 55.0 55.0 41.0 49.5 25.0

SEPTEMBER 11.0 8.6 36.0 48.0 30.0 25.0 40.8 15.2

OCTOBER 19.5 18.5 26.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 46.9 45.1

NOVEMBER 17.9 16.7 23.0 24.0 0.0 0.0 64.1 59.2

DECEMBER 20.3 20.5 49.0 53.0 0.0 0.0 70.0 62.5

JANUARY 18.4 39.0 44.0 58.0 0.0 0.0 72.0 92.9

FEBRUARY 14.0 39.0 21.0 21.0 0.0 0.0 53.3 55.6

MARCH 5.7 32.0 6.0 18.0 0.0 0.0 30.9 37.9

TOTAL 156.7 201.8 407.0 469.0 257.0 233.0 581.4 555.3

Note: The plant was under shutdown from 16th Sep 2004 to 28th April 05 for dam maintenance works.

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KADAMPARAI ENERGY GENERATED/PUMPED DURING LAST 5 YEARS (MU)

157

202

407

257

581

469

233

555

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

Generation Pumped

42

LOW DEMAND(VALLEYS)

SHARP PEAKS

0000 HRS OF 01 SEP 06

29 AUG 06 30 AUG 06 31 AUG 06

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GENERATION vs FREQUENCY FOR

10

30

50

70

90

08

:21

09

:21

10

:21

11

:21

TIME IN HH:MM ----->

MW

---

-->

49.00

49.20

49.40

49.60

49.80

50.00

50.20

50.40

FR

EQ

IN

HZ

---

-->

GENERATING UNITS PARTICIPATION IN PRIMARY RESPONCE

SHARAVATHI -1

FREQ DROP FROM 49.72 HZ TO 49.27 HZ

i.e. ~ 0.45HZ

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TRAINING ON ULDC SYSTEMSL NAME OF THE TRAINING FROM TO Participants Man Days

1 CISCO ROUTER & NETWORKING 19-01-2004 24-01-2004 17 102

2 XA-21 USER LEVEL 23-02-2004 28-02-2004 10 60

3 RTNA WORKSHOP 29-03-2004 31-03-2004 14 42

4 AIX OPERATING SYSTEM 17-05-2004 22-05-2004 15 90

5 XA-21 USER LEVEL 21-06-2004 25-06-2004 6 30

6 SYBASE DATABASE ADMIN 22-11-2004 04-12-2004 19 228

7 XA-21 USER LEVEL 21-02-2005 23-02-2005 7 21

8 NMS TRAINING 13-06-2005 18-06-2005 14 84

9 RTU TRAINING 27-02-2006 03-03-2006 14 70

10 JAVA FOR SCADA ENVIRONMENT 24-04-2006 29-04-2006 16 96

1 Operating the Power Grid: Current Scenario and Challenges Ahead V. K. AGRAWAL General Manager...

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Transcript of 1 Operating the Power Grid: Current Scenario and Challenges Ahead V. K. AGRAWAL General Manager...