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1October 8, 2004, Warsaw
Development of Fuel Cells in France : Organization and Results
Daniel Clément
Françoise Barbier
Coordinators of PACo network
2October 8, 2004, Warsaw
PACO
The Fuel Cell Research and Innovation Network (www.reseaupaco.org)
Founded in June 1999 by the French ministry of research to:
Encourage public-private partnerships for joint R&D activities and facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation
Promote the emergence of a number of industrial activities
Support funding of selected R&D projects (labelling decision).
3October 8, 2004, Warsaw
Expert's report
Labelling decision
R&D workby consortium
Proposal of R&D project by
consortium participants
Final reportevaluation of
results
Bottom-up strategy Funding
decision
PACo organization
Coordination TeamPoint of contact
Executive BureauFunding organizations included
(Ministries of Research, Industry, Transport, ADEME)
Steering Committee
Strategic priorities
4October 8, 2004, Warsaw
PACo Activity
More than 60 teams 52 approved projects Public funding ~ 10 M€/year
(Ratio funding: ~ 45 %)
Funding received by actors
Public actors
43%Private actors
57%
Projects by thematic sectors
Fuel cells and
system52%
Cross-cutting topics16%
H2, other fuels32%
6%
23%
46%
25% Transport
Ademe
Recherche
Industrie
Anvar
Funding by governmental entities
5October 8, 2004, Warsaw
PACo R&D Areas (1)
Hydrogen and other fuels
Hydrogen storage- Pressurized gas containers (pressure up to 700 bar)
- Carbon materials (active carbon,…)
-Metal hydrides
Development of small reformers- Compact (1-5 kW) and low cost reformers (NG, gasoline, biomass fuels…)
- Different processes: SR, POX, auto-thermal, non catalytic hybrid steam reforming
- Improvements: efficiency, capacities, response time, purification
6October 8, 2004, Warsaw
PACo R&D Areas (2)
Fuel cell systems and demonstrations
PEMFC- Membranes: temperature (120-150°C), durability - New catalysts- MEA, BP (materials, design) - System design and integration
- Degradation mechanisms
SOFC- New materials at reduced temperature (< 750 °C)- Materials for internal reforming - Interconnection materials
- Stack architecture - Degradation mechanisms
DAFC (methanol, ethanol) - New materials (membranes, catalysts…)
7October 8, 2004, Warsaw
AXANE is a wholly owned AIR LIQUIDE subsidiary
EVOPAC™: A modular concept which offers a power range, from 500W to 10kW for multiple uses, from portable generators to small stationary and/or transport applications.
Picture of the activity in France:Emergence of fuel cell makers
HELION is a Technicatome group's subsidiary of the holding Areva (PEMFC for submarine applications, back-up systems)
ROLLER PAC™:an application of EVOPAC™a 2 kW 110-230 V ACpower generator
BACK PAC ™:A portable fuel cell system110-230 V AC - 12 V DC48 V DC power source
2002
PolarPac (Ice cap mission)
2003 RollerPac
(Hanovre fair)
8October 8, 2004, Warsaw
Transport applications
TAXI PAC
Peugeot H2O
(Octobre 2002)
Gaseous H2 700 bars
(Mars 2001)
Onboard H2 storagePeugeot
Onboard H2 production Renault
Development of onboard fuel processor for PEM fuel cell vehicles
2004 gasoline power plant layout in SCENIC II vehicle
9October 8, 2004, Warsaw
Public research organisationsPublic research organisationsCEA, CNRS,
IFP, INRETS, INERIS, CSTB, UTBM,
Universities,
Fuel cell makersFuel cell makers System IntegrationSystem Integration
Axane, Helion, SNECMA
Materials and componentsMaterials and componentsSNPE-SME
Saint-Gobain, Ullit, Composites Aquitaine
Energy suppliersEnergy suppliersEnergy servicesEnergy services
EDF, Dalkia, Alstom, Areva
Fuel processor makersFuel processor makersN-GHY, CETH
Oil companiesOil companiesGas suppliersGas suppliers
Air Liquide, GDF, Total
The players in the fuel cell innovation system
End UsersEnd UsersRenault, PSA, Irisbus,Valeo
Schneider, Thales
Governmental entitiesGovernmental entitiesMinistries, ADEME
EuropeEuropeFP6
European Hydrogen Platform
InternationalInternationalIPHE
10October 8, 2004, Warsaw
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Année
Den
sité
de
puis
sanc
e (k
W/l)
PEMFCPAFCAFCPEMFC
Significant technological advances
progress on stack compacity (1,5 kW/l) and efficiency (> 45 % at Pmax)
decrease in membrane thickness: from 200 µm to 25-50 µm (and now 10 µm)
reduction in catalyst loading (x 10): Pt loading < 0,4 mg/cm2
better tolerance of catalysts to impurities (100 ppm CO)
system simplification 0
2
4
6
8
10
1955 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003
Year
Pt
loa
din
g (
mg
/cm
2)
Pt loading (mg/cm2)
30
0,001
0,2 0,25
0,75
1
2
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
1955 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003
Year
Po
wer
per
Pt
load
ing
(kW
/g)
Power per Pt loading (kW/g)
11October 8, 2004, Warsaw
PACo R&D Areas (3)
Cross-cutting actions
Codes and standards
Safety
Techno-economic analysis
Information access:
Internet portal (www.reseaupaco.org)
Free source for fuel cell news and events, technological look out (http://veille.reseaupaco.org)
Plate-forme de veille et d'animation du réseau
12October 8, 2004, Warsaw
Implementation of PAN’H : a national program on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Strengthen international cooperation
1. European Hydrogen Platform
2. International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy (IPHE)
Future