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ObjectivesAnalyze the needs and expectations of your

audienceAssess the situation in which you’ll give your

presentationSelect an appropriate medium for your

presentationLimit your topic to provide focusMake a connection with your audienceOutline the general organization of a presentationDevelop an effective introduction, body, and

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Planning Your PresentationWhat is the purpose of this presentation?What type of presentation do I need to give?Who is the audience for my presentation and

what do they need and expect?What is the situation (location and setting)

for my presentation?What is the most appropriate media for my

presentation?

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Determining the Purpose of Your PresentationInformative presentations provide your

audience with background information, knowledge, and specific details about a topic.

Persuasive presentations have the specific purpose of influencing how an audience feels or acts regarding a particular position or plan.

Demonstrations are specific types of presentations that show an audience how something works.

Training presentations provide audiences with an opportunity to learn new skills, or to be educated on how to perform a task

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Questions for Determining Your Purpose and OutcomesWhy am I giving the presentation?What is the primary purpose of this

presentation?What are the secondary purposes of this

presentation?What should the audience know or do as a

result of this presentation?

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Determining the Outcome of Your Presentation

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Analyzing Your Audience’s Needs and ExpectationsThe more you know about your listeners, the

more you’ll be able to adapt your presentation to their needsAgeGenderEducationExpertise with the topicCultural background

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Questions for Analyzing your AudienceWho will be listening to my presentation (peers, superiors,

subordinates, visitors)?What does the audience expect me to talk about?What general characteristics or demographics do I know

about the audience (age, gender, education level, knowledge of the topic, cultural expectations)?

What does the audience need to know about the topic of the presentation (general background or overview, details, cost estimates)?

How will listeners use this information (make decisions, perform task)?

What are the major concerns or objections to my point of view (too expensive, too difficult, takes too much time)?

What do I want the audience to think, know, or do as a result of this presentation?

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Assessing the Situation for Your PresentationPlanning an effective presentation will be a

matter of learning to adapt your content to your situation, the unique setting, time frame, or circumstances for your presentation.

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Questions for Analyzing the Situation for Your PresentationHow much time will I have for my

presentation?Will I be speaking alone or with other people?How large will the audience be?How formal or informal will the setting be?What will the room be like, and how will it be

arranged?What equipment will be available for my

presentation (chalkboard, overhead projector, slide projector, computer projection system)?

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Questions for Analyzing the Situation for Your PresentationDo I have the skills to operate available

equipment?Who will be available to assist me in case of

an equipment failure?How much time will I have to set up for my

presentation?What other aspects must I consider

(temperature, extraneous noises)?Who will be available to assist me with

room temperature, lights, or extraneous noise problems?

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Selecting the Appropriate MediaChalkboardWhiteboardNotepad and easelFlip chartPostersBlack-and-white or color overheadsHandouts35mm slidesComputer-projected visuals, such as PowerPoint

slidesWebsites or broadband media including

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Selecting the Appropriate Media

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Focusing Your PresentationTime or chronologyGeography or regionCategory or classificationComponent or elementSegment or portionPoint of view

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General Organization of Presentations Introduction

Gains and keeps attention of audience Creates favorable impression Establishes credibility Provides overview of presentation

Body Follows main point of presentation Provides evidence and support for main points Presents research in adequate detail Shows relevance of data

Conclusion Restates main point of presentation Suggests appropriate action Recommends ways of finding additional data

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Developing an IntroductionGaining your audience’s attention

Anecdotes, stories, or personal experiencesSurprising statistics or relevant dataA quotation, familiar phrase, or definitionRhetorical questionsUnresolved issues and current problemsComments about the audience or occasionAudience participationStatement of your topic

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Developing the Body of Your PresentationGathering information

Popular press items from newspapers, radio, TV, and magazines

Information in librariesCorporate documentsTalking to experts and authoritiesInterviews, surveys, and observationsInternet sources

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Organizing Your Information Inductively

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Organizing Your Information Deductively

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Organizing Your Information Chronologically

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Organizing Your Information Spatially

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Organizing Your PresentationSupport your main pointsProvide transitionsDevelop your summary or conclusion

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Organizing Your Presentation

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