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Transcript of 1 Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body SIF 05 Catania, 09/28/2005 Mauro...
1
Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human
body
SIF 05 Catania 09282005
Mauro Marinelli12 Barbara Gianesin12 Antonella Lavagetto3 Martina Lamagna3 Eraldo Oliveri 12 Giuliano Sobrero2 Laura Terenzani3 Gian Luca Forni3
1Physics Department University of Genova Genova Italy 2National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) Genova 3Centro della Microcitemia e Anemie Congenite Ospedali Galliera Genova Italy
THALAS - Gr V INFN
2
Patients suffering from Cooleyrsquos anemia (Thalassemia major) need frequent blood transfusions Transfused red cell iron accumulates in
tissues and organs with toxic effects
The most common method for iron evaluation is the liver biopsy
Assessment of body-iron accumulation is essential for managing therapy of iron-chelating diseases characterized by iron overload
such as thalassemia hereditary hemochromatosis and other forms of severe anemia
Although chemical analysis of liver biopsy samples is considered the gold standard for determining the Liver Iron Concentration
hellipconcern has been raised that variability in the distribution of liver iron deposition exists and might lead to errors as high as 200 in
assessing body iron burden by biopsyAm J Clinical Phathology 2005 123 146-152
3
Biosusceptometry
BB
Magnet Pickup
B
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup is slightly modified by the diamagnetic (mainly from
water) and paramagnetic (iron) properties of tissues
4
The magnetization is proportional to the iron concentration and to the applied magnetic field
The magnetic moments of the iron atoms are randomly oriented when no magnetic field is applied
In the presence of the applied magnetic field the magnetic moments line up
B
B
B
The thermal motion keeps them from lining up entirely but there is some net alignment
B
B
B
5
Curie law
T
C) (p)
mKg
K10 812(
2
3
5-Fe
p iron effective magnetic moment (Bohr magneton)Ferric iron (Fe3+) ion p = 59Ferritin-Hemosiderin iron p 4
The apparatus calibration has been verified by checking the Curie law with solutions of hexahydrate ferric chloride
(FeCl36H2O)
Susceptibilities arise from competition between the aligning effect of the applied field and thermal vibrations
6
0 1000 2000 10000
~400normal value
400-1000light
overload
1000-2000moderateoverload
gt 2000 severe
overload
ccgFe
The iron contribution to the magnetic field is about 10 of the water contribution
Solution 620 gFecc (p=4) B109B 7
BB
6109 The magnetic field near the surface of the spherical sample of water is 9 ppm smaller than the field present without the sample
Water
Applied magnetic fieldB
7
SQUID Susceptometer
R Fisher E Eich R Engelhardt H C Heinrich M Kessler and P Nielsen ldquoThe calibration problem in liver iron susceptometry rdquo in Advances in biomagnetism SJ Williamson et al Ed New York 1990 pp 501ndash504
8
Susc ratti 1
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup coil is modified by the apparatus thermal expansion It is necessary for temperature control on the milliKelvin scale to reach the required sensitivity
Twelve living rats has been measured with a smaller prototype susceptometer
MagnetPickupPickup
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
2
Patients suffering from Cooleyrsquos anemia (Thalassemia major) need frequent blood transfusions Transfused red cell iron accumulates in
tissues and organs with toxic effects
The most common method for iron evaluation is the liver biopsy
Assessment of body-iron accumulation is essential for managing therapy of iron-chelating diseases characterized by iron overload
such as thalassemia hereditary hemochromatosis and other forms of severe anemia
Although chemical analysis of liver biopsy samples is considered the gold standard for determining the Liver Iron Concentration
hellipconcern has been raised that variability in the distribution of liver iron deposition exists and might lead to errors as high as 200 in
assessing body iron burden by biopsyAm J Clinical Phathology 2005 123 146-152
3
Biosusceptometry
BB
Magnet Pickup
B
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup is slightly modified by the diamagnetic (mainly from
water) and paramagnetic (iron) properties of tissues
4
The magnetization is proportional to the iron concentration and to the applied magnetic field
The magnetic moments of the iron atoms are randomly oriented when no magnetic field is applied
In the presence of the applied magnetic field the magnetic moments line up
B
B
B
The thermal motion keeps them from lining up entirely but there is some net alignment
B
B
B
5
Curie law
T
C) (p)
mKg
K10 812(
2
3
5-Fe
p iron effective magnetic moment (Bohr magneton)Ferric iron (Fe3+) ion p = 59Ferritin-Hemosiderin iron p 4
The apparatus calibration has been verified by checking the Curie law with solutions of hexahydrate ferric chloride
(FeCl36H2O)
Susceptibilities arise from competition between the aligning effect of the applied field and thermal vibrations
6
0 1000 2000 10000
~400normal value
400-1000light
overload
1000-2000moderateoverload
gt 2000 severe
overload
ccgFe
The iron contribution to the magnetic field is about 10 of the water contribution
Solution 620 gFecc (p=4) B109B 7
BB
6109 The magnetic field near the surface of the spherical sample of water is 9 ppm smaller than the field present without the sample
Water
Applied magnetic fieldB
7
SQUID Susceptometer
R Fisher E Eich R Engelhardt H C Heinrich M Kessler and P Nielsen ldquoThe calibration problem in liver iron susceptometry rdquo in Advances in biomagnetism SJ Williamson et al Ed New York 1990 pp 501ndash504
8
Susc ratti 1
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup coil is modified by the apparatus thermal expansion It is necessary for temperature control on the milliKelvin scale to reach the required sensitivity
Twelve living rats has been measured with a smaller prototype susceptometer
MagnetPickupPickup
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
3
Biosusceptometry
BB
Magnet Pickup
B
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup is slightly modified by the diamagnetic (mainly from
water) and paramagnetic (iron) properties of tissues
4
The magnetization is proportional to the iron concentration and to the applied magnetic field
The magnetic moments of the iron atoms are randomly oriented when no magnetic field is applied
In the presence of the applied magnetic field the magnetic moments line up
B
B
B
The thermal motion keeps them from lining up entirely but there is some net alignment
B
B
B
5
Curie law
T
C) (p)
mKg
K10 812(
2
3
5-Fe
p iron effective magnetic moment (Bohr magneton)Ferric iron (Fe3+) ion p = 59Ferritin-Hemosiderin iron p 4
The apparatus calibration has been verified by checking the Curie law with solutions of hexahydrate ferric chloride
(FeCl36H2O)
Susceptibilities arise from competition between the aligning effect of the applied field and thermal vibrations
6
0 1000 2000 10000
~400normal value
400-1000light
overload
1000-2000moderateoverload
gt 2000 severe
overload
ccgFe
The iron contribution to the magnetic field is about 10 of the water contribution
Solution 620 gFecc (p=4) B109B 7
BB
6109 The magnetic field near the surface of the spherical sample of water is 9 ppm smaller than the field present without the sample
Water
Applied magnetic fieldB
7
SQUID Susceptometer
R Fisher E Eich R Engelhardt H C Heinrich M Kessler and P Nielsen ldquoThe calibration problem in liver iron susceptometry rdquo in Advances in biomagnetism SJ Williamson et al Ed New York 1990 pp 501ndash504
8
Susc ratti 1
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup coil is modified by the apparatus thermal expansion It is necessary for temperature control on the milliKelvin scale to reach the required sensitivity
Twelve living rats has been measured with a smaller prototype susceptometer
MagnetPickupPickup
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
4
The magnetization is proportional to the iron concentration and to the applied magnetic field
The magnetic moments of the iron atoms are randomly oriented when no magnetic field is applied
In the presence of the applied magnetic field the magnetic moments line up
B
B
B
The thermal motion keeps them from lining up entirely but there is some net alignment
B
B
B
5
Curie law
T
C) (p)
mKg
K10 812(
2
3
5-Fe
p iron effective magnetic moment (Bohr magneton)Ferric iron (Fe3+) ion p = 59Ferritin-Hemosiderin iron p 4
The apparatus calibration has been verified by checking the Curie law with solutions of hexahydrate ferric chloride
(FeCl36H2O)
Susceptibilities arise from competition between the aligning effect of the applied field and thermal vibrations
6
0 1000 2000 10000
~400normal value
400-1000light
overload
1000-2000moderateoverload
gt 2000 severe
overload
ccgFe
The iron contribution to the magnetic field is about 10 of the water contribution
Solution 620 gFecc (p=4) B109B 7
BB
6109 The magnetic field near the surface of the spherical sample of water is 9 ppm smaller than the field present without the sample
Water
Applied magnetic fieldB
7
SQUID Susceptometer
R Fisher E Eich R Engelhardt H C Heinrich M Kessler and P Nielsen ldquoThe calibration problem in liver iron susceptometry rdquo in Advances in biomagnetism SJ Williamson et al Ed New York 1990 pp 501ndash504
8
Susc ratti 1
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup coil is modified by the apparatus thermal expansion It is necessary for temperature control on the milliKelvin scale to reach the required sensitivity
Twelve living rats has been measured with a smaller prototype susceptometer
MagnetPickupPickup
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
5
Curie law
T
C) (p)
mKg
K10 812(
2
3
5-Fe
p iron effective magnetic moment (Bohr magneton)Ferric iron (Fe3+) ion p = 59Ferritin-Hemosiderin iron p 4
The apparatus calibration has been verified by checking the Curie law with solutions of hexahydrate ferric chloride
(FeCl36H2O)
Susceptibilities arise from competition between the aligning effect of the applied field and thermal vibrations
6
0 1000 2000 10000
~400normal value
400-1000light
overload
1000-2000moderateoverload
gt 2000 severe
overload
ccgFe
The iron contribution to the magnetic field is about 10 of the water contribution
Solution 620 gFecc (p=4) B109B 7
BB
6109 The magnetic field near the surface of the spherical sample of water is 9 ppm smaller than the field present without the sample
Water
Applied magnetic fieldB
7
SQUID Susceptometer
R Fisher E Eich R Engelhardt H C Heinrich M Kessler and P Nielsen ldquoThe calibration problem in liver iron susceptometry rdquo in Advances in biomagnetism SJ Williamson et al Ed New York 1990 pp 501ndash504
8
Susc ratti 1
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup coil is modified by the apparatus thermal expansion It is necessary for temperature control on the milliKelvin scale to reach the required sensitivity
Twelve living rats has been measured with a smaller prototype susceptometer
MagnetPickupPickup
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
6
0 1000 2000 10000
~400normal value
400-1000light
overload
1000-2000moderateoverload
gt 2000 severe
overload
ccgFe
The iron contribution to the magnetic field is about 10 of the water contribution
Solution 620 gFecc (p=4) B109B 7
BB
6109 The magnetic field near the surface of the spherical sample of water is 9 ppm smaller than the field present without the sample
Water
Applied magnetic fieldB
7
SQUID Susceptometer
R Fisher E Eich R Engelhardt H C Heinrich M Kessler and P Nielsen ldquoThe calibration problem in liver iron susceptometry rdquo in Advances in biomagnetism SJ Williamson et al Ed New York 1990 pp 501ndash504
8
Susc ratti 1
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup coil is modified by the apparatus thermal expansion It is necessary for temperature control on the milliKelvin scale to reach the required sensitivity
Twelve living rats has been measured with a smaller prototype susceptometer
MagnetPickupPickup
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
7
SQUID Susceptometer
R Fisher E Eich R Engelhardt H C Heinrich M Kessler and P Nielsen ldquoThe calibration problem in liver iron susceptometry rdquo in Advances in biomagnetism SJ Williamson et al Ed New York 1990 pp 501ndash504
8
Susc ratti 1
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup coil is modified by the apparatus thermal expansion It is necessary for temperature control on the milliKelvin scale to reach the required sensitivity
Twelve living rats has been measured with a smaller prototype susceptometer
MagnetPickupPickup
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
8
Susc ratti 1
The magnetic field flux threaded with the pickup coil is modified by the apparatus thermal expansion It is necessary for temperature control on the milliKelvin scale to reach the required sensitivity
Twelve living rats has been measured with a smaller prototype susceptometer
MagnetPickupPickup
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
9
Susc ratti 2
Marinelli M1 Gianesin B1 Avignolo C2
Minganti V3 Parodi S4
1 Dpt of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)2 Dpt of Oncology Biology and Genetics3 Dpt of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Alimentary Technology4 Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics and National Inst for Res on Canc of Genoa (IST) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
10
(OP)(OP)
(IP)(IP)
(IP)(IP)
(OP)(OP)
(OM)(OM)
(IM)(IM) Fiberglas structure
Thermal shield
THALAS - Gr V INFN
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
11
V
)()( rdrrg 3
The magnetic field in this entire region is lower than 19 10-2 T
CEI EN 60601-2-3 1997-02
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
12
Inner magnets
Outer magnetsMagnet construction
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
13
Foto magneti e pick-up
Magnets Pickup
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
14
IM-IP OM-OP
IM
IP
IP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1100Vm3
IM-IP
OM
OP
OP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 800 Vm3
OM-OP
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
15
IM-OP OM-IP
OM
IP
IP
OM-IP
I=19Arms f=195Hzgmax~ 2600 Vm3
OP
OP
IM
IM-OP
I=38Arms f=2345Hzgmax~ 1500Vm3
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
16
x0
We average a few differences between the signals with the stretcher in and out of the sensitivity region to account for the changes of the environment magnetic properties
This body position is to scan the whole torso Simply shifting the body allows measuring the magnetic signal of other body parts for instance the head
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
17
Magnetization flux
Eddy current flux
Eddy Current SignalEddy Current Signal
Because of the inductance of the eddy currents loops within the sample and the solution resistivity the delay of the eddy currents relative to the induced electric field is negligible This is true also for the eddy currents induced in the human body
Magnetization signal
Eddy Current signal
y
x
B
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
18
Variando la concentrazione di NaCl in soluzione con 2l acqua deionizzata si osserva
bull il diamagnetismo del sale sul segnale in fasebull le correnti parassite sul segnale a 90
h=15cm
r=775cm
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
19
Small holes are evenly distributed on each of the phantom plastic slices We poured paramagnetic powder equivalent to 3 g of Fe3+
and 15 g of Fe3+ inside the holes placed in the phantom liver
region
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
Because of ~100 nV error the minimum quantity of detectable iron inside the entire liver region of the phantom is ~130 mg of Fe3+ or ~270 mg of iron with an effective magnetic moment of 4 B
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
20
A few anthropometric data of V010 Height 184 m Weigh 90 Kg BMI 27 Kgm^2 Area of the torso cross-section 819 cm2 Torso mean thickness 233 cm x coordinate of the liver center -12 cm
x0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
x
V010 torso profile
Stretcher plane
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
21
A few anthropometric data of V037 Height 157 m Weigh 48 Kg BMI 19 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 452 cm2 Torso mean thickness 162 cm x coordinate of the liver center -10 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
V037 torso profile
Tor
so p
rofi
le [
cm]
xStretcher plane
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
22
Patient P002 and volunteer V005 have similar anthropometric characteristics
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
23
Patient P002 after four months under iron depletive therapy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Magnetization signalJun 16 2005
Eddy Current signalFeb 22 2005 Eddy Current signal
Jun 16 2005
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
24
Patient P029 before and after the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
25
Patient P003 before and after 12 phlebotomies
Eddy Current signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]Magnetization signal
after 12 phlebotomiesMay 27 2005
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
26
-5
0
5
10
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the phantom center [cm]
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
no added powder
3 g of Fe3+
15 g of Fe3+
x
signal of iron overload difference between the actual magnetization signal and the signal estimate of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload
Phantom signals
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
27
The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
In all the patient measurements we never noticed the iron overload skewness on the eddy current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
PATIENT 002 Magnetization signal
VOLUNTEER 005Magnetization signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
PATIENT 002 Eddy Current signal
VOLUNTEER 005Eddy Current signal
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005 x
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
The concentration of iron in the tissues as free aqua ions is not significant [J F Schenck E A Zimmerman ldquoReview Article High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron birth of a biomarkerrdquoNMR Biomed no 17 pp 433-445 2004]
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
28
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c S
ign
al [V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V037
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal
Magnetization Signal
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
x
Healthy Volunteer V010
The eddy current and magnetization signals of a person without iron overload have a similar dependence on the body size
The estimation of the signal of the patient supposed depleted by the iron overload is strongly based on his eddy curent signal
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
29
The expected magnetization signal from the statistical model using the eddy current signal and the other patients data
measured before the spleenectomy
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
x
Statistical Model Estimate
Magnetization signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 06 2005
Eddy Current signalafter spleenectomy
Sept 062005
Magnetization signal before spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Eddy Current signalbefore spleenectomy
June 20 2005
Mag
neti
c si
gnal
[V
]
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
30
P002 data Feb2205 June1605 Height 152 m 152 m Weigh 55 Kg 562 Kg BMI 238 Kgm2 243 Kgm2 Area of the torso cross-section 512 cm2 524 cm2
Torso mean thickness 183 cm 187 cm coordinate of the liver center (x) -5 cm -4 cm
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Mag
neti
c Si
gnal
[V
]
Statistical Model EstimateJune 16 2005
Magnetization signalJune 16 2005
Eddy Current SignalFeb 22 2005
x
Magnetization signalFeb 22 2005
Eddy Current SignalJune 16 2005
Statistical Model EstimateFeb 22 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm]
Feb 22 2005
June 6 2005
x
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
31
P003 data March 7 05 May 27 05 Height 182 m 182 m Weight 905 Kg 885 Kg BMI 237 Kgm2 267 Kgm2
Area of the torso cross-section 855 cm2 821 cm2
Torso mean thickness 241 cm 237 cm Coordinate of the liver center (x) -12 cm -12 cm
Iron overload bull March 7 2005 ~10 gbull May 27 2005 ~75 g
The iron removed by the 12 phlebotomies is 27g
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Eddy Current Signal before
12 phlebotomiesMag
net
ic S
ign
al [V
]
Statistical Model Estimate before 12 phlebotomies
x
Magnetization signalbefore 12 phlebotomies
March 7 2005
Magnetization signalafter 12 phlebotomies
May 27 2005
Eddy Current Signal after
12 phlebotomies
Statistical Model Estimate after
12 phlebotomies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Tor
so P
rofi
le [
cm] March 7 2005
May 27 2005
x
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
32
Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V075
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V069
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on S
igna
l [V
]
x
V072
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
Statistical Model Estimate
Measured Signal
Mag
neti
zati
on s
ign
al [V
]
x
V070
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -8 cm V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = -4 cm
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
STATISTICAL MODELX = 0
V
Training setTest set
Cou
nt
error [V]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -8 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V] 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORK X = -4 cmV
Training+Test set
Cou
nt
error [V]0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2 -15 -1 -05 0 05 1 15 2
NEURAL NETWORKX = 0
V
Training+Test set
Cou
ntRange [V]
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
34
The measured reduction of the iron overload is compared with its estimate according with the therapy
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8
P002P003 P006P008
y = 030+ 044x R= 081
Mea
sure
d r
edu
ctio
n [
g]
Therapy estimate [g]
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
35
Correlation with serum-ferritinCorrelation of the iron overloads of all 40 patients
measured with their blood serum-ferritin
0
5
10
15
0 4 103 8 103 12 104
y = 038 + 00012x R= 068
Iron
ove
rloa
d [
g]
Serum-ferritin [gl]
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
36
Correlation with SQUIDThe Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) via SQUID
susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients is compared with the LIC obtained by the susceptometer data
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
y = -050 + 19x R= 077
Su
scep
tom
eter
LIC
[m
gg w
et]
SQUID LIC [mggwet
]
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
37
Referto
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-
38
A BC
D
A 1 liter B 2 literC 3 liter D 4 liter
-02
0
02
04
06
08
1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Mag
neti
zati
on s
igna
l of
di 1
gr d
i Fe3+
ev
enly
dis
trib
ute
d in
the
reg
ion
s A
B C
D
Magnetic field axis relative to the torso center [cm]
A
B
C
D
- Non-invasive measurement of the iron overload in the human body
- Problema medico
- Biosusceptometry
- Magnetic moments
- Curie law
- Iron contribution
- SQUID Susceptometer
- Susc ratti 1
- Susc ratti 2
- Magnets and shield
- Biosusceptometer
- Magnets
- Foto magneti e pick-up
- IM-IP OM-OP
- IM-OP OM-IP
- Stretcher
- Eddy Current Signal
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Phantom
- V010
- V037
- P002 ndash V005
- P002 helliptherapy
- P029 hellipspleenectomy
- P003 12 phlebotomies
- Iron overload
- The eddy current signal does not depend on the iron
- Eddy current and magnetization signals
- P029
- P002 Statistical Estimate
- P003 Statistical Estimate
- Measured and calculated magnetization signal of a few volunteers
- Errors
- Correlation with therapy
- Correlation with serum-ferritin
- Correlation with SQUID
- Referto
- Calibration
-