1 New Rule for Steel Erection WAC 296-155-701 through -724 The Standard On the web GO.
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Transcript of 1 New Rule for Steel Erection WAC 296-155-701 through -724 The Standard On the web GO.
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New Rule for Steel New Rule for Steel ErectionErection
WAC 296-155-701 through -724
The Standard
On the web GO
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Why the new rules??Why the new rules??
•OSHA studies of 673 fatalities among ironworkers highlighted common hazards
•Deaths were largely preventable by engineering & regulatory changes
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= Outline= Outline-703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan & construction sequence
-704 - Hoisting & rigging-706 - Structural steel assembly details-707 - Column anchorage-708 - Beams & columns-709 - Open web steel joists-711 - Systems engineered metal buildings-714 - Falling object protection-716 - Fall protection-717 - Training
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Site layout, site-specific erection Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequenceplan & construction sequence
•Controlling contractor must provide written notification that concrete has attained
– 75% of design strength, or– Sufficient strength to
support the loads
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Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
Site layout, site-specific erection Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequenceplan & construction sequence
•Controlling contractor must ensure that adequate access roads are provided and maintained
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Site layout, site-specific erection Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequenceplan & construction sequence
Controlling contractor must ensure that a suitable space is provided for
–storage of materials and–safe operation of hoisting operations
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Site layout, site-specific erection Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequenceplan & construction sequence
All hoisting operations must be preplanned to ensure all “working under loads” requirements are met
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Site layout, site-specific erection Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequenceplan & construction sequence
•A site-specific erection plan may be developed to provide alternate means to protect employees
•Appendix A contains guidelines
Example
App A
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Site layout, site-specific erection Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequenceplan & construction sequence
“Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.”
TOC
Next Section
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging
•The new section (WAC 296-155-704) and
•WAC 296-155-525 & -526
Both apply to hoisting and rigging
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Crane preshift visual inspection Crane preshift visual inspection
must be visually inspected by a competent person
•rule gives inspection minimums•deficiencies must be evaluated immediately
•equipment posing a hazard must be placed out of service
•operator has authority to stop and refuse any loads until safety is assured
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and
Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging•A qualified rigger must inspect the rigging prior to each shift
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading
Fund. All rights reserved.
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Working under loadsWorking under loads
Routes for suspended loads must be preplanned to avoid endangering workers
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging When working under loadsWhen working under loads
•materials must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement
•hooks must have self-closing safety latches or equivalent
•all loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedureMultiple lift rigging procedure
only when:– a multiple lift rigging
assembly is used– specifically within
manufacturer’s specifications & limitations
– maximum of 5 members hoisted per lift
– only beams & similar structural members are lifted
– only trained employees involved
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedureMultiple lift rigging procedure
– Bundles of decking are NOT appropriate for multiple lift.
– Even though metal decking meets the definition of structural members
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedureMultiple lift rigging procedure
•Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly must be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point.
•Based on manufacturer’s specifications with a 5 to 1 safety factor on all components
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedureMultiple lift rigging procedure
Total load must not exceed•rated capacity as specified in the hoisting equipment load charts and
•rigging capacity specified in the rigging-rating charts
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Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedureMultiple lift rigging procedure
Controlled load lowering must be used whenever the load is over the connectors
TOC
Next Section
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyStructural stability maintained at all times Structural stability maintained at all times
during the erection processduring the erection process
Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses
•Within 8 floors of the concrete, or
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading
Fund. All rights reserved.
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyStructural stability maintained at all times Structural stability maintained at all times
during the erection processduring the erection process
Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses
•Within 8 floors of the concrete, or
•no more than 4 floors (or 48’) of unfinished bolting or welding above secured floor
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyWalking/working surfacesWalking/working surfaces
Elimination of tripping hazards:
•no shear connectors or other similar devices …until after walking/working surface has been installed.
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading
Fund. All rights reserved.
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyPlumbing upPlumbing up
When deemed necessary by a competent person: Plumbing up equipment must be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure stability of the structure. Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers
Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyPlumbing upPlumbing up
•When necessary, plumbing up equipment must be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyPlumbing upPlumbing up
•Plumbing up equipment must be removed only with the approval of a competent
person
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking
Hoisting, landing & placing of metal decking bundles
– provisions to prevent “displacement” of decking during handling/storage
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund.
All rights reserved.
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking
•Roof & floor holes and openings Must be installed as described:
Para 706(4)(b)
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking
•Covering roof and floor openings
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking
Decking gaps around columns
where there are gaps between columns, the “falling objects hazards” must be eliminated
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading
Fund. All rights reserved.
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking
During installation, metal decking must be laid tightly & immediately secured to prevent movement
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking
During installation, metal decking panels must be placed to ensure full support by structural members
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking
Derrick floors must be fully decked or planked & connections completed
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Structural Steel AssemblyStructural Steel AssemblyMetal deckingMetal decking
Temporary loads placed on derrick floors must be distributed over the underlying support to prevent local overloading
TOC
Next Section
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Column anchorageColumn anchorage
Insufficient column anchorage is a
primary cause of column failure and a large contributor to fatalities among
ironworkers!Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship
Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Column anchorageColumn anchorageErection Stability Erection Stability
All columns must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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All columns must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts
all anchor rod assemblies must meet strength criteria listed in the rule
Column anchorageColumn anchorageErection Stability Erection Stability
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Column anchorageColumn anchorageErection Stability Erection Stability
Columns must be
•set on level, finished floors
•pregrouted leveling plates
•leveling nuts, or
•shim packsPhoto courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship
Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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All columns must be evaluated by a competent person to determine if guying or bracing is needed.
If guying or bracing is needed, it must be installed
Column anchorageColumn anchorageErection Stability Erection Stability
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund.
All rights reserved.
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Anchor rods/bolts must not be repaired, replaced or field modified without approval of the project structural engineer of record
Column anchorageColumn anchorageAnchor rods (bolts) Anchor rods (bolts)
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Controlling contractor must provide written notification to the steel erector if there has been any repair, replacement or modification of the anchor rods/bolts
Column anchorageColumn anchorageAnchor rods (bolts)Anchor rods (bolts)
TOC
Next Section
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Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsFinal placing of solid web structural Final placing of solid web structural
membersmembers
The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection
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The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection
Bolts must beSame size and strength shown in the
erection drawings
Drawn up wrench tight, or equivalent specified
Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsFinal placing of solid web structural Final placing of solid web structural
membersmembers
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A competent person must determine if more than 2 bolts are needed
Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsFinal placing of solid web structural Final placing of solid web structural
membersmembers
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Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsDiagonal bracingDiagonal bracing
Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing must be secured by at least one bolt per connection
Wrench tight or equivalent
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Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsDouble connections at columns and/orDouble connections at columns and/or
beam webs over a columnbeam webs over a column
When making connections sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut must remain connected to the first member Diagram
Exception
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund.
All rights reserved.
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Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsColumn splicesColumn splices
Each column splice must be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300#
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading
Fund. All rights reserved.
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Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsPerimeter columnsPerimeter columns
Must extend a minimum of 48” above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading
Fund. All rights reserved.
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Beams & ColumnsBeams & ColumnsPerimeter columnsPerimeter columns
Must have holes or other devices for attaching perimeter cables
TOC
Next Section
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Open Web Steel JoistsOpen Web Steel Joists
“Open web steel joists must be secured before releasing the load.”
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Open Web Steel JoistsOpen Web Steel JoistsLanding and placing loadsLanding and placing loads
No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached,
UNLESSUNLESS
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
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Systems-Engineered Metal Systems-Engineered Metal BuildingsBuildings
“Package Building”“Package Building”
Before releasing hoisting equipment:
•Columns– minimum 4 bolts at base
•Rigid frames– 50% of the bolts– or as specified by manufacturer TOC
Next Section
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Falling Object ProtectionFalling Object Protection
All materials, equipment, & tools which are not in use while aloft must be secured against accidental displacement
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Falling Object ProtectionFalling Object Protection
The controlling contractor must bar other construction processes from below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided
TOC
Next Section
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Fall ProtectionFall Protection
•Must be in accordance with WAC 296-155,
– Part C-1 &
– Part K
TOC
Next Section
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TrainingTraining
•Fall hazard training
•Special training in multiple lift rigging procedure
TOC
End
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• Photos courtesy of Pacific Northwest Ironworkers and Employers Apprenticeship and Training Committee -86
• Very special thanks to Douglas Smith and Kevin McGee
• And thanks also to Jerry Rowland, Corona Steel and Ironworkers Local #86
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Navigational Symbols Used in Navigational Symbols Used in this Presentationthis Presentation
Next slide
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• Definitions, more information, FAQs, etc
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71
-703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan & construction sequence
-704 - Hoisting & rigging-706 - Structural steel assembly details-707 - Column anchorage-708 - Beams & columns-709 - Open web steel joists-711 - Systems engineered metal buildings-714 - Falling object protection-716 - Fall protection-717 - Training
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Section -703
Section -704
Section -705
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“Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.”
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Course List
Section -703
Section -704
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Section –705 on the Web
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Section -704
Section –704 on the Web
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