1 Modeling the N-back-M-pitch paradigm Ion Juvina*, Michael Qin^, & Christian Lebiere* *Department...
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Transcript of 1 Modeling the N-back-M-pitch paradigm Ion Juvina*, Michael Qin^, & Christian Lebiere* *Department...
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Modeling the N-back-M-pitch paradigm
Ion Juvina*, Michael Qin^, & Christian Lebiere*
*Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
^Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory
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Outline Task
Study
Cognitive model
Discussion
Future work
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Diving Breathing compressed air at depth
Hyperbaric nitrogen narcosis lightheadedness, inattention, difficulty
concentrating, poor judgment, decreased coordination
Resembles ethanol intoxication
Becomes noticeable at a depth of ~130 fsw (~5 ATA)
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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N-Back Auditory N-back
Acute effects of ethanol N-back M-Pitch (Qin et al., 2011)
Same / different duration as 1-back Added pitch as a distracting feature
Pitch variation Standard pitch: 700 Hz, p = 0.7 Slightly deviant: 750 Hz, p = 0.1 Moderately deviant: 900 Hz, p = 0.1 Widely deviant: 1200 Hz, p = 0.1
ISI = ~ 1s
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Method Participants:
5 US Navy trained divers
Apparatus: Hyperbaric chambers to simulate diving
Conditions: Pre-dive, Dive at 190 fsw, Post-dive Pre-dive, Dive at 280 fsw, Post-dive
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Results Performance decreases with dive depth
The cognitive deficit associated with narcosis is temporary
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Model assumptions Main challenge of the task:
Maintaining focal attention in the face of distraction
Distraction caused by low frequency of deviant pitches
Diving reduces ability to deal with interference
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Model description Correct performance
Perceive current sound, encode sound length Retrieve previous sound Compare perceived and retrieved sounds Respond same / different
Errors Retrieval of previous sound perturbed by distracting feature of
stimulus: partial matching Performance deterioration at depth
Parameters Pre- and post-dive: ans=0.1 ; mp = 1.0 Dive at 190 fsw: ans = 0.2 ; mp = 1.5 Dive at 280 fsw: ans = 0.25 ; mp = 2.0
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Correct performance
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
Perceive current sound- Encode sound length
Retrieve previous sound
Compare sounds based on length
Respond Same / Different
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Errors
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
Perceive current soundEncode sound length Encode sound pitch
Retrieve previous soundExpect matching pitchAllow partial matching
Compare sounds based on length
Respond Same / Different
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Deterioration at depth
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
Perceive current sound- Encode sound length
Retrieve previous sound
Compare sounds based on length
Respond Same / Different
Perceive current soundEncode sound length Encode sound pitch
Retrieve previous soundExpect matching pitchAllow partial matching
Compare sounds based on length
Respond Same / Different
:ans = 0.1; 0.2; 0.25 :mp = 1.0; 1.5; 2.0
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Discussion Why 2 parameters and not just one
Only activation noise (ans): No correlation pitch deviation – accuracy
Only mismatch penalty (mp): No errors in standard pitch condition
Needs data to check predictions What does the model tell us?
Need to explain parameter change in mechanistic terms
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Future research Learning
Affective effects associated with performance decrement Anxiety, euphoria, overconfidence, etc.
Transfer and generalization
Brain imaging, brain stimulation
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Learning Learning effects:
Accuracy Ignore the distracting feature of stimulus
No RT effect Fast paced
Wait for sounds to finish
Transfer to different tasks
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future
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Acknowledgements Data collection study funded by ONR
Modeling study funded by NSMRL
Thanks to Dan Bothell for changes to the ACT-R auditory module
Thanks to Dario Salvucci and Frank Ritter for introducing me to Michael Qin
Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future