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Mobile Phone Standards

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0G

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Mobile Phone Standards

0G to 4G

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0G

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0G 0G refers to pre-cellular mobile

telephony technology mounted in the vehicle trunk and

attached to the "head" (dial, display, and handset) mounted near the driver seat

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0G

PTT: Push to talk, MTS: Mobile Telephone System IMTS: Improved Mobile Telephone AMTS : Advanced Mobile Telephone

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0G – PTT: Push to talk

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_to_talk

is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines, including two-way radio,

by pushing a button in order to send, allowing voice communication to be transmitted from you, and releasing to let voice communication be received

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0G – MTS: Mobile Telephone Systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_Tone_Shift It was operator assisted both directions, meaning, if

you were called from the public switched telephone network (PSTN) the call would be routed to a mobile operator, who would route it to your phone, and your phone would ring, however to make an outbound call, you had to go through the mobile operator, who would ask you for your mobile number and the number you were calling, and then would place your call for you. (in 1946)

Half-duplex over a single VHF or UHF

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0G – IMTS: Improved Mobile Telephone Systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMTS pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system IMTS was the radiotelephone equivalent

of land dial phone service. (in 1969) VHF Low (35-44 MHz, 9 channels), VHF

High (152-158 MHz, 11 channels), and UHF (454-460 MHz, 12 channels)

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0G – AMTS: Advanced Mobile Telephone Systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Telephone_System

mainly used in Japanese portable radio systems. It, like its successor HCMTS, operated on the 900 MHz band

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0.5G

Autotel/PALM (Public Automated Land Mobile)

ARP (Autoradiopuhelin)

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0.5G -Autotel/PALM (Public Automated Land Mobile)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotel/PALM It used digital signalling for supervisory

messages (call setup, ringing, channel assignment, etc.), except the voice channel was analog (as was the original AMPS cellular).

This system was developed for rural British Columbia, Canada, where building a network of low-power cellular terminals to cover a forest would have been prohibitively expensive.

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0.5G – ARP (Autoradiopuhelin)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin the first commercially operated public mobile phone

network in Finland (1977) ARP operated on 150 MHz frequency (80 channels

on 147.9 - 154.875 MHz band). Transmission power ranged from 1 watt to 5 watts.

It first used only half-duplex transmission, meaning that receiving and transmitting voice could not happen at the same time.

Later, full duplex car phones were introduced. Cell size was approximately 30 km.

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1G

NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone ) AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone

System) Hicap

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1G – NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone )

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone opened for service in 1981 NMT NMT-450 and NMT-90 (1986) 100 mm and weighed only about 100 grams The cell sizes in an NMT network range from 2 km to 30 km. NMT used transmission power of up to 15 watt (NMT-450)

and 6 watt (NMT-900), handsets up to 1 watt. automatic switching (dialling) and handover of the call traffic was not encrypted. NMT signalling transfer speeds vary between 600 and 1200

bits per second, using FFSK (Fast Frequency Shift Keying) modulation.

AMPS Hicap

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1G – AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System

analog mobile phone system standard cellular switching technology Each network is authorized to use 416

channels in the 800 MHz band. TDMA

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1G – Hicap

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicapcellular

developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone as a higher capacity alternative to their NTT mobile solution.

HICAP uses a 25KHz carrier and utilizes FDMA to seperate different calls from each other.

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2G

GSM -Global System for Mobile Communications

iDEN - Integrated Digital Enhanced Network

D-AMPS - Digital AMPS cdmaOne PDC

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2G –GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_System_for_Mobile_Communications

GSM standard makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators which enables phone users to access their services in many other parts of the world as well as their own country.

by means of GPRS - Higher speed data transmission

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2G – iDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network )

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Digital_Enhanced_Network

developed by Motorola time division multiple access (TDMA). Upto six communication channels share a

25 kHz space; some competing technologies place only one channel in 12.5 kHz.

D-AMPS cdmaOne PDC

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2G – D-AMPS (Digital AMPS)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_AMPS Time Division Multiple Access as an air interface each 30 kHz channel pair into three time slots and

digitally compressing the voice data, yielding three times the call capacity in a single cell.

IS-136 added a number of features to the original IS-54 specification, including text messaging, circuit switched data (CSD), and an improved compression protocol. SMS and CSD were both available as part of the GSM protocol, and IS-136 implemented them in a nearly identical fashion

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2G – cdmaOne (Code division multiple access)

IS-95 CDMA is a digital radio system that

transmits streams of bits. CDMA permits several radios to share the same frequencies.

network capacity does not directly limit the number of active radios. Since larger numbers of phones can be served by smaller numbers of cell-sites,

PDC

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2G – PDC (Personal Digital Cellular )

Used exclusively in Japan TDMA PDC uses 25 kHz carrier, 3 time slots,

pi/4-DQPSK modulation and low bit-rate 11.2 kbit/s and 5.6 kbit/s (half-rate) voice codecs.

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2.5G

GPRS - General Packet Radio Service WiDEN - Wideband Integrated

Dispatch Enhanced Network

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2.5G - GRPS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service

A mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones

Provide moderate speed data transfer, by using unused TDMA channels in the GSM network

Integrate into GSM as Release 97

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2.5G - WiDEN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiDEN Developed by Motorola An enhancement of iDEN

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2.75G

CDMA200 1XRTT EDGE - Enhanced Data rates for GSM

Evolution (EDGE)

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2.75 CDMA2000 1xRTT

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000 Radio Transmission Technology CDMA for digital radio To send voice, data and signaling data

between mobile telephones and cell sites 144 kbit/s packet data speeds This has allowed it to be deployed in 2G

spectrum in some countries which limit 3G systems to certain bands. 1xRTT doubles voice capacity over IS-95 networks.

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2.75G - EDGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution

TDMA and GSM network For any packet switched applications 384 kbit/s

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3G

W-CDMA -Wideband Code Division Multiple Access UMTS FOMA

CDMA2000 1XEV TD-SCDMA

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3G - W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access)

UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System the 3G successor to GSM which utilizes

the W-CDMA air interface and GSM infrastructures.

Data transfer rates: 1920 kbit/s (GSM: 14.4kbit/s)

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3G - W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access)

FOMA - Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access Operated by NTT DoCoMo Compatible with standard UMTS In Japan

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3G – CDMA2000 1xEA (Evolution)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000 High data rate: 3.1Mbit/s

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3G – TD (Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)

In People’s Republic of China Based on spread spectrum CDMA

technology Time division duplexing

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3.5G

HSDPA - High-Speed Downlink Packet Access

8-10Mbit/s over 5MHz Implement Adaptive Modulation and

Coding, multiple-input-multiple-output, hybrid automatic request.

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3.75G

HSUPA -High-Speed Uplink Packet Access

Similar to HSDPA UMTS Release 6.0

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1G - 4G

1G – analog 2G – digital 3G – transfer both voice data, and non-voice

data: information, email and instant messaging. (3Mbit/s)

4G – 100Mbit/s moving to 1Gbit/s Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Orthogonal frequency division multiple access