1 MIXED-SPECIES BIRD FLOCKS IN SOUTHEASTERN PERU.
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Transcript of 1 MIXED-SPECIES BIRD FLOCKS IN SOUTHEASTERN PERU.
![Page 1: 1 MIXED-SPECIES BIRD FLOCKS IN SOUTHEASTERN PERU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649cb75503460f9497c567/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
MIXED-SPECIES
BIRD FLOCKS IN
SOUTHEASTERN
PERU
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Chestnut-eared Aracari
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Paradise Tanager
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fruit collection, Cocha Juarez
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Golden-headed Manakin
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Red-headed Manakin
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Paullinia sp.
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Chestnut-winged Hookbill
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Cycloptera sp.
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Typophyllum sp.
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Acanthops tuberculata
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Caligo sp.
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snake-mimicking chrysalis
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Swallowtail chrysalis
Papilio sp.
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Wedge-billed Woodcreeper
MIXED-SPECIES FLOCKS
Characteristics of flocks• insectivorous species
• permanent associations with jointly held territories
• understory flocks & canopy flocks
• up to 20 or more species at one time in understory flocks
• up to 30 or more species at one time in canopy flocks
• composition of core species similar from flock to flock
• one pair of each species with their young of the year
• jointly defended territory
• all species nest within the joint territory
• flock members spend their lives in the same flock
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Advantages of Flocking
• protection from predators
• members have use of a larger exclusive area than they would be able to control individually
Barred Forest-Falcon
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CORE SPECIES
UNDERSTORY MIXED-SPECIES FLOCKS
Elegant WoodcreeperOlive-backed Foliage-GleanerPlain XenopsBluish-slate AntshrikeDusky-throated AntshrikeWhite-flanked AntwrenLong-winged AntwrenGray AntwrenWhite-eyed AntwrenTawny-crowned GreenletRed-crowned Ant-Tanager
SWITCHING SPECIESWedge-billed WoodcreeperOlivaceous WoodcreeperYellow-margined Flycatcher
PATCH SPECIES
Fasciated AntshrikePlain-winged AntshrikeWhite-shouldered AntshrikeSpot-winged AntshrikeGray Antbird
Buff-throated WoodcreeperPlain-throated AntwrenBlack-faced Antbird
TEMPORARY & OCCASIONAL SPECIES
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CORE SPECIES
CANOPY MIXED-SPECIES FLOCKS
Chestnut-shouldered AntwrenYellow-Olive FlycatcherDusky-capped GreenletWhite-winged Shrike-TanagerFlame-crested TanagerWhite-shouldered Tanager
REGULAR SPECIESWhite-fronted NunbirdOlivaceous WoodcreeperLineated WoodcreeperChestnut-winged HookbillChestnut-winged Foliage-GleanerRufous-rumped Foliage-GleanerRufous-tailed Foliage-GleanerStreaked XenopsSpot-winged AntshrikeSclater’s AntwrenPygmy AntwrenGray AntwrenOchre-bellied FlycatcherForest ElaeniaWhite-lored TyrannuletSlender-footed TyrannuletYellow-crowned TyrannuletBlack-capped BecardPink-throated BecardWhite-vented EuphoniaOrange-bellied EuphoniaRufous-bellied Euphonia
TEMPORARY SPECIESParadise TanagerGreen & Gold TanagerTurquoise TanagerOpal-crowned TanagerOpal-rumped TanagerBlue DacnisBlack-faced DacnisYellow-bellied DacnisPurple HoneycreeperGreen Honeycreeper
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canopy mixed-species flock territories
understory mixed-speciesflock territories
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Flock species are able to coexist because they exploit different niches,
foraging in slightly different manners for different types and sizes of prey.
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Wedge-billed Woodcreeper
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Buff-throated Woodcreeper
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Red-billed Scythebill
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Gray-crowned Flycatcher
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Olivaceous Flatbill
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Orange-bellied Euphonia
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Gilded Barbet
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White-winged Shrike-Tanager - canopy flock sentineland leader
male
female
Bluish-slate Antshrike - understory flock sentinel
and leader malefemale
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Some Boreal Migrants That Join Mixed-Species Flocks
Blackpoll Warbler
Scarlet Tanager
Red-eyed Vireo
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Some Austral Migrants that Join Mixed-Species Flocks
Swainson’s Flycatcher Brown-crested
Flycatcher
Greenish Elaenia
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Pygiptila stellaris
Thamnophilus
schistaceus
Thamnomanes caesius
Thamnomanes
ardesiacusPygiptila, Thamnophilus & Thamnomanes Antshrikes
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Myrmotherula axillaris
Myrmotherula Antwrens - part 1Myrmother
ula hauxwelli
Myrmotherlua
menetriesii
Myrmotherula
longipennis
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Myrmotherula sclateri
Myrmotherula
brachyura
Myrmotherula
leucopthalmusMyrmotherula Antwrens - part 2
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Philydor & Automolus Foliage-Gleaners
Philydor erythrocerc
um
Automolusinfuscatus
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OrnateAntwren
OrnateAntwren
WarblingAntbird
StriatedAntbird
OrnateAntwren
Ihering’sAntwren
PeruvianRecurvebill
Dusky-cheekedFoliage-gleaner
Rufous-headedWoodpecker
Red-billedScythebill
Brown-rumpedFoliage-gleaner
BambooAntshrike
WarblingAntbird
ManuAntbird
Goeldi’sAntbird
Cabanis’Spinetail
Large-headedFlatbill
Dusky-tailedFlatbill
FlammulatedPygmy-Tyrant
White-cheekedTody-Tyrant
Long-crestedPygmy-Tyrant
RufousTwistwing
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Red-eyedVireo
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Scarlet Tanager
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Blackpoll Warbler - adult male
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Blackpoll Warbler
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Eastern Kingbird
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Swainson’s Thrush
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Green and Gold Tanager
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Schizolobium sp.
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Chorisia insignis and Schizolobium sp.
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ground level
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subcanopy -21 meters
above ground
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canopy view at InkaTerra’s Reserva Amazonica (formerly Cuzco-Amazonica)
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structure of a tropical rainforest
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A giantCeiba pentandra -
Silk-cotton or Kapok Tree
at Tres Chimbadas
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An emergent Brazil Nut tree at Explorer’s Inn
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mass of lianas on a tree trunk
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vine-covered trunk
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Rufous Motmot
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Squirrel Cuckoo
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White-necked
Puffbird
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Common Potoo
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Combretum assimile
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Gould’s Jewelfront
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Orange-cheeked Parrot
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Red and Green Macaw
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Purple Honeycreeper
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Chorisia insignis
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