1. MBC LandUse & Zoning

Lecture Content

1. Zoning

2. Land Use

3. Zoning and the

Environment

4. Zoning and

Disaster

Management

Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

What is land use?

Industrial

Commercial

Residential

Parks

Institutions

Mixed Use

Transport / Parking

Vacant Lots


- To promote and protect the public health, safety and general welfare - Established height and setback controls- Separated residential areas from some non-residential uses (industrial and manufacturing)


How does zoning work?

Each zoning district regulates:

• Types of uses allowed

• Density (floor area ratio; FAR)

• Overall density

• Density of individual

uses

• Building Form

• Number of dwelling units

• Amount of open space

• Required parking (if any)

• Lot coverage

• Distance from buildings and lot

lines

Group Type of Use

1 & 2 Residential

3 & 4 Community Facilities

5 - 9 Commercial / Local retail & Services

10 - 11 Regional Shopping Centers/Amusement

12 - 15 Waterfront / Recreation

16 General Services / Heavy Automotive

17 & 18 Manufacturing


Uses are grouped based on common functional or nuisance

characteristics. Zoning text identifies which use groups are

permitted in each zoning district.

Use Groups

Zoning and Growth Controls

Zoning as Environmental Policy


R = Residential Districts

C = Commercial Districts

M = Manufacturing Districts

Zoning Districts – (example New York)

C 4 - 7

Use

Intensity

ParkingRequirements


• Every zoning district has a floor area ratio (FAR).

• The FAR reflects the ratio of building floor area to lot

area.

• Multiplying the FAR by the lot size will give you the maximum

permitted floor area (size) or square footage of a building.

50% coverage

Two stories

100% coverage

One story

25% coverage

Four Stories

MECHANICS OF

ZONING


Density Illustrated

50% coverage

Four stories

100% coverage

Two stories

25% coverage

Eight Stories

MECHANICS OF

ZONING


“Height Factor” vs. “Contextual”

Tower form

(no height limit)

Required

open space

Height limit

Street wall

Lot line

Contextual Zoning(e.g. R7A; also “Quality

Housing”)

Height Factor Zoning(e.g. R7)

Images from NYC Department of City Planning

MECHANICS OF

ZONING

Provision for Open Space

deadweight loss

Urban Growth Boundary

• The boundary is combined with a number of policies that promote rather than inhibit increases in density.

• In other words, the growth boundary is an integral part of urban planning, the set of policies that determine the spatial arrangement of activities in metropolitan

• refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its allocation, development and management.

• To direct, harmonize and influence discussions and activities of the private and public sectors relative to the use and management of lands

• To reconcile land use conflicts and proposals between and among individuals, private and government entities relative to the present and future need for the land

• To promote desirable patterns of land uses to prevent wasteful development and minimize the cost of public infrastructure and utilities and other social services

• to preserve areas of ecological, aesthetic, historical and cultural significance

Commercial Strip – extension of CBDNeighborhood Center – local sources of staple and convenience goods and services; built around supermarket with convenience stores; population served: 7,500-20,000.

REVERSIBLE USES

IRREVERSIBLE USES

CLUP Map of Maasim, Sarangani Province

CLUP Map of Gen. Santos City

• Philippines remains as one of the hottest biodiversity “hotspots” in terms of high vulnerability and high irreplaceability (Ong 2007)

• National Integrated Protected Area System Act in 1998

Environmental Zoning for Biodiversity Conservation

ENVIRONMENTAL ZONING

• Is the first of the environmental protective planning which aims to balance relationships between environment and the increase of the standard quality of life

Principles of EZ:

• The land-use and resource must be rational in all zones, subzones and units

• Protection and rehabitation of the ecosystem

• To take unforeseen circumstances into consideration if possible.

PROPOSED ZONING LAND USE PLAN FOR GENSAN

1. MBC LandUse & Zoning

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