1 LXD- TeV-BHs in p+p @ LHC - 10^8 p.a.! 2 Di- Jet suppression- Signals
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Transcript of 1 LXD- TeV-BHs in p+p @ LHC - 10^8 p.a.! 2 Di- Jet suppression- Signals
Horst Stöcker, Heidelberg 2009
Di-Jet Suppression and Multi-Mono-Jet Emission – - Signal of QGP or LXD- Black Holes at LHC
Horst Stöcker GSI, Goethe+FIAS Frankfurt Inst. for Adv. Studies
Di-Jet Suppression and Multi-Mono-Jet Emission – - Signal of QGP or LXD- Black Holes at LHC
Horst Stöcker GSI, Goethe+FIAS Frankfurt Inst. for Adv. Studies
1 LXD- TeV-BHs in p+p @ LHC - 10^8 p.a. ?!
2 Di- Jet suppression- Signals LXD-BHs @ LHC: ALICE, ATLAS, CMS
3 Muliple Monojets from Hawking-Evaporating signal TeV-BHs!Source of Strangeness and Charm, Beauty and Truth+ SuSy-PartnersNeed EM-Cal in ALICE for better > 100 GeV reach in pt
4 TeV-BHs explode in QCD+SuSy-Knudsen-plasma?
5 Stable charged TeV-BH-Remnants? Observe TRACK in TPC!
6 BH- Production 1000*enhanced in Pb+Pb event@ 5.5 ATeV
Horst Stöcker, Heidelberg 2009
Thanks toThanks to
• Ben Koch (U Santiago, Chile)
• Ulrich Harbach (ITP, Germany)
• Christoph Rahmede (Sissa, Italy)
• Thomas Burschil (ITP, Frankfurt)
• Martin Kober (ITP, Frankfurt)
• Sabine Hossenfelder (Stockholm)
• Stefan Hofmann (LMU, München)
• Marcus Bleicher (FIAS + ITP, Germany)
Based on: Phys.Rev.D66:101502,2002, Phys.Lett.B548:73-76,2002, J.Phys.G28:1657-1665,2002, Phys.Lett.B566:233-239,2003, Int.J.Mod.Phys.D13:1453-1460,2004, JHEP 0510:053,2005,…
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B
A BH
X
BH-Production Probabilities LHC =Black Hole Factory?
BH-Production Probabilities LHC =Black Hole Factory?
Problem: No fundamental scattering operatorfor
Model for cross section:impact parameter b
Parton model:fold structure fct.With BH-“formfactor”!
|A> + |B> --> BH + X
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# of black holes predicted# of black holes predicted
L. Hewett, B. Lillie and T. G. Rizzo, arXiv:hep-ph/0503178
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Black Holes at CollidersBlack Holes at Colliders
• BH created when two particles of high enough energy pass within ~ rs .
Eardley, Giddings, PRD (2002)Yoshino, Nambu, PRD (2003)
Dimopoulos, Landsberg, PRL (2001)
• Large Hadron Collider: ECOM = 14 TeVpp BH + X
• LHC may produce 100 of black holes per second, starting ~ 2008
109 BH per year
LHC: S. Hossenfelder, M.B., et al., PRD 66 (2002)Tevatron: M. Bleicher et al., PLB548 (2002)
Horst Stöcker, Heidelberg 2009
Horst Stöcker, Heidelberg 2009
Production probabilities of BH per pp-event: NANOBARN!1000x increased per central Pb+Pb event: Ncoll=200, b<3fm!
*Bleicher, Hofmann, Hossenfelder, Stoecker ** Hossenfelder Phys.Lett.B598:82-98,2004 Phys.Lett. B548:73-76,2002
* **
p+p
Pb+Pb
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Pb+Pb vs ppPb+Pb vs pp
Luminosity difference: 1027 vs 1034 /cm/s
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OBSERVATION of LXD-BHs in ppOBSERVATION of LXD-BHs in pp
• Suppression of QCD-Di-Jets @ pt >Mf ~ 1TeV
• Emission of Multiple Mono-Jets (Hawking-Rad)
• viscous Kapusta-Hawking SM-Plasma T ~ 1TeV
• Charged Stable Black Hole Remnant BHR: • Stiff Track in TPC
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High pT Di-Jet -Suppression in p+p at LHC: High pT Di-Jet -Suppression in p+p at LHC:
High pT ~ Mf sppression in AB -> Jet(pT)+X
=> #Jet(pT) << #Jet(pT) in LXDs in D=4
=> 1/pt physics: hidden behind horizon!
Di- Jets with M> Mf vanish behind Schwarzschild radius Rh
LHC - where are my Di-Jets gone?
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IF (LXD- Black Holes at 14 TeV in pp@ LHC).THEN. (NO High pT- events, No 2*500GeV Di-Jets@LHC
LXD-BHs => No Di-Jets w. M=E1+E2 > 1 TeV
QCD
QCD
ALICE can differentiate LXD- BHs from QCD- Background! (see T. Humanic, ALICE Int. Note)
d =7
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Hard Scattering: NO Di-Jets, but BHs !Hard Scattering: NO Di-Jets, but BHs !Jet event in eecollision STAR p + p jet event
See Multi-Mono-Jets in LHC energy p+p & Au+Au ?
ALICE P+P: no-di-jet events!
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SignaturesSignatures
• Event shapes (thermal emission)
• Modifies hadron spectra
• Exotic particle production
• Cut-off in pT spectra
• Remnants?
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DecayDecay
- "Balding phase":BH gets rid of its hair mainly via gravitational radiation not visible in detector
- Hawking phase: decay mainly into standard-model particles.
- R. Emparan, G. T. Horowitz and R. C. Myers Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 499 - S. B. Giddings and S. Thomas, Phys. Rev. D 65 056010 (2002).- C. M. Harris, M. J. Palmer, M. A. Parker, P. Richardson, A. Sabetfakhri and B. R. Webber, [arXiv:hep-ph/0411022]...
- Final state...
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Final state - Final state -
1. - Hawking radiation continues until MBH....Mf and then performs something like a final decay
or
2. - Rapid decay slows down to form eventually quasi stable remnant
- Y. B. Zel’dovich, in: ”Proc. 2nd Seminar in Quantum Gravity”, edited by M. A. Markov and P. C. West, Plenum, New York (1984).- R. J. Adler, P. Chen and D. I. Santiago, Gen. Rel. Grav. 33, 2101 (2001)- J. D. Barrow, E. J. Copeland and A. R. Liddle, Phys. Rev. D 46, 645 (1992).- S. Coleman, J. Preskill and F. Wilczek, Mod. Phys. Lett. A6 1631 (1991).- S. Hossenfelder, M. Bleicher, S. Hofmann, H. Stocker and A. Kotwal, Phys. Lett. B 566, 233- T.G. Rizzo, hep-ph/0601029
Two possible scenarios:
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Charybdis*:Charybdis*:
*C. M. Harris, P. Richardson and B. R. Webber, JHEP 0308, 033 (2003) [arXiv:hep-ph/0307305]
(Scylla)
1. Generate black hole2. Hawking decay according to Planck statistics3. As soon as MBH<Mf perform final n-body decay on remaining black hole4. Check charges, and Pythia does particle evolution etc.
Pythia
1. Generate black hole2. Hawking decay according to modified Planck statistics3. No final decay,but stop as soon as MBH-MR<1GeV
4. Check charges, and Pythia does particle evolution etc.
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2 Micro- Black Hole - emitts very hard multiple Monojets due to microcanonic Hawking- Radiation of SMP + SuSy-Partners in Brane (3+1Dim): S,C,B,T - abundant!
+ Kaluza- Klein Tower excitations into BULK (d- Dim)
2 Micro- Black Hole - emitts very hard multiple Monojets due to microcanonic Hawking- Radiation of SMP + SuSy-Partners in Brane (3+1Dim): S,C,B,T - abundant!
+ Kaluza- Klein Tower excitations into BULK (d- Dim)
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Hadron spectrumHadron spectrum
• Get hadron spectrum from parton fragmentation
• Charged hadrons from BHsexceed pQCD at high pT
• Bump near Hawking temperature
From I. Sarcevic et al (2007)
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TeV- Mono-Jet Production probabilities much bigger than in QCD!
* Hossenfelder, Hofmann, Bleicher, Stöcker: Phys.Rev.D66:101502,2002**Lönnblad, Sjödahl: hep-ph/0505181
* (@14TeV) **
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Exotic particle productionExotic particle production
sQuarks
MPl=1 TeV, MBH=3 TeV
MPl=2 (3) TeV, MBH=5 TeV
MPl=3 (5) TeV, MBH=7 TeV
SMGluino
d=4
Cham
blin, Cooper, N
ayak PR
D (2004)
see also Landsberg PR
L (2002)
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T~1 TeV: Kapusta-Hawking-Knudsen-PlasmaT~1 TeV: Kapusta-Hawking-Knudsen-Plasma
• Extreme Hawking energy density in p+p! • QGP in Pb+Pb• Multiple hard Jets with hundreds of GeV each!• Heavy Quark Jets in „Kapusta-Hawking Plasma“?• Knudsen Gas: No Thermalization!? • Formation of HOT plasma? VISCOSITY!• T > 100 GeV: 1000 * Tcrit-QCD• Hydrodynamic Detonation? Viscous Blast Wave?• „Soft“, Thermal emission rates• Strange, Charm, Bottom, Truth abundant!• + Electroweak-, Higgs- and SUSY particles!
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Modified decay in the presenceof quasi stable black hole
Modified decay in the presenceof quasi stable black hole
Corrections to the standard hawking evaporationshould be presumably suppressed by factors of MR/MBH
therefore the entropy of a micro-black hole can be written as
Micro-canonically the mass evolution is given by
This gives only in the limit M>>MR the macro canonical Hawking rate
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4. Stable Mp-BHRemnant - left after Evaporation?4. Stable Mp-BHRemnant - left after Evaporation?
motivates evaporation rate:
Stable BH-Remnants “BHR”
- GUP & QG motivation for BHRs: M. Maziashvili Phys. Lett. B635 (2006) 232 R. Adler, P. Chen, D Santiago Gen.Rel.Grav. 33 (2001) 2101-2108- BHR in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet string gravity: S. Alexejev et al, Class.Quant.Grav. 19 (2002) 4431- BHR from Stringy corr. Einst.-Hilbert action, Lovelock higher-order curvature: T. Rizzo, JHEP 0506 (2005) - AdS/CFT and BHRs: R. Casadio, hep-ph/0304099
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RemnantsRemnants
• Include remnant in Charybdis by a modification of the emission spectrum
• Try direct measurement of heavy charged remnant
Ashes of the black hole
MPl=1TeV, Mrem=1 TeV
See also Bonano, Reuter (Renormalized coupling constant) and Rizzo et al (Modified gravity)
Same effect, different origin
Koch, Hossenfelder, Bleicher (2007)
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MicrocanonicalHawking-Evaporation
Produces MultipleMono- Jets
Relics: Metastable LXD-BHs at LHCHossenfelder, Koch, Bleicher
.... . .. .. .
Hard Mono-Jets Emitted
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MicrocanonicalHawking-Evaporati.With Mf-BHR leftover: BHR=1 Track in ALICE-TPC@LHCPlus multiple jets or plasma
.... . .. .. .
Hard Mono-Jets Emitted
Numerical SimulationKoch, Hossenfelder, Bleicher: JHEP 10 (2005) 053
See also Hossenfelder, Bleicher, Hofmann, Stoecker, Ashutosh, Kotwal Phys.Lett.B566.233-239 (2003)
BHR
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Black Hole Remnants in Large Extra DimensionsSabine Hossenfelder, M. Bleicher, S. Hofmann, Horst Stöcker, Ashutosh Kotwal
Phys.Lett.B566(2003)233
Black Hole Remnants in Large Extra DimensionsSabine Hossenfelder, M. Bleicher, S. Hofmann, Horst Stöcker, Ashutosh Kotwal
Phys.Lett.B566(2003)233
BHR
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Events with BHRemnants in pt-spectra - distinguishable from disappearing BHs?
Quenching!!
Events with BHRemnants in pt-spectra - distinguishable from disappearing BHs?
Quenching!!
Koch, Hossenfelder, Bleicher: JHEP 10 (2005) 053
soft
Quench
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ResultsResults
Quasi stable black holes distinguishable from complete BH decay:
B.Koch, M.Bleicher and S.Hossenfelder, ``Black hole remnants at the LHC,'' JHEP 0510 (2005) 053
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ResultsResults
- A charged remnant could be seen in the detector directly
S.Hossenfelder, B.Koch and M.Bleicher, ``Trapping black hole remnants,'' arXiv:hep-ph/0507140.
don´t discard it ;-)
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- A completely decaying BH requests careful triggering and selection of observables:
T. Humanic, "Extra-dimensional physics with p+p in the ALICE Experiment„ Alice-Internal note- (preliminary)
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Signatures for black holes at the LHCSignatures for black holes at the LHCHorst Stöcker, GSI Helmholtzzentrum
FiAS + Institut für Theoretische Physik
Goethe Universität Frankfurt
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Focus 32/1999
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Do mini black holes pose a risk?Do mini black holes pose a risk?
Koch, Bleicher, Stoecker, Phys.Lett.B (2009)see also Giddings, Mangano PRD (2008)
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The main line of the argumentThe main line of the argument
• Black holes have been produced by cosmic rays over the whole history of the earth (sun)
• If the earth still exists, there is no risk• Potential problem:
black holes from cosmic rays may move through the earth, whileblack hole at LHC are produced at rest
• Solution: Calculate if, black holes from CR events would also be stopped in the earth
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Effective charge of black hole on its way through the earth
Effective charge of black hole on its way through the earth
• The black hole absorbs charge randomly, i.e. random walk in charge space
• Doing this the black hole acquires an average charge of |QBH|>0.16e
• The energy loss of a charged particle can be calculated from the well known and well tested Bethe Bloch formula
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ResultResult
• Using parameters for the earth, black holes with an effective charge of |QBH|>0.4e could be stopped inside the earth (this limit decreases by orders of magnitude if pair production is included!)
• However, for the Sun one obtain a limit of |QBH|>0.04e to stop a black hole
The existence of the Sun proves that black holes pose no thread
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ConclusionsConclusions• If black holes are produced at LHC, the chance
of their observation is excellent• They will result in
- a modified hadron spectrum- create new particles- show clearly distinguishable event characteristics- and might even leave detectable remnants
• However, further detailed numerical studies will be necessary to provide quantitative guidance
Currentlower bounds