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Libraries and Open Access to Scientific

InformationIvana Hebrang Grgić, PhD

Department of Information ScienceFaculty of Humanities and Social

SciencesUniversity of Zagreb

IP LibCMASS Sofia 2011Contract № 2011-ERA-IP-7

Sofia, 04.-17. September, 2011

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University of Zagreb

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Scientific communication

• 17th century – modern science –

intellectual property rights, library science,

scientific communication

• First scientific journals, 1665

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SCIENTIST

searches for information

reads the information

uses the information for new research

processes the information

produces new information

publishes new information

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LIBRARY(ACADEMIC

INSTITUTION)

SCIENTIST

P U B L I S H E R

gives copyright topays for access to

pays

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“Serial crisis”

• Commercial publishers

• No. of scientists and journals

• High quality journals

• Subscription prices

• Libraries

• 1990s

• Electronic publishing

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The fourth revolution

• S. Harnad, 1991

• Language

• Writing

• Gutenberg

• Binary code and IT development???

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OA definitions

• 1990s – early OA journals and archives

• Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), 2002– Free and unrestricted online availability of

scientific journal literature– two ways to attain OA:

• self-archiving (electronic archives, OA repositories)• OA journals

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OA definitions

• Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing, 2003– OA publishing – free, unrestricted, worldwide

access– OA repositories– Libraries: transition to OA publishing,

educating users, highlighting OA journals in catalogues

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OA definitions

• Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities, 2003– BOAI definitions– encouraging researchers– development of existing legal and financial

framework to facilitate OA

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OA repositories

• green route to OA

• self-archiving

• e-prints (pre-prints or post-prints)

• types of repositories:– institutional repositories (IRs)– national– disciplinary– ...

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No. of OA repositories

• DOAR

Repository type

2009 2010 2011

Institutional 1233 1418 1695

Disciplinary 182 211 228

Aggregating 56 74 84

Governmental 28 40 44

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OA IRs

• SPARC definition:

–digital collections capturing and preserving the intellectual output of a single university or a multiple institution community of colleges and universities

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OA IRs

• setting up an OA IR:– management– server– IR manager– working group– software– business plan– OA policy– JISC infoNet

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Repository software

Software 2009 2010 2011

DSpace 368 617 782

EPrints 245 288 322

OPUS 51 54 55

Bepress 51 - -

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Publishers’ self-archiving policies

• SHERPA

Publisher’s colour

Dec2008

Jun2010

Jan2011 Sept2011

Green 141 220 230 260

Blue 97 196 242 301

Yellow 54 75 76 81

White 145 295 346 359

Total 437 789 894 1001

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OA journals

• Golden route to OA

• Funding models – external support, “author pays” (Springer Open Choice, Oxford Open)

• DOAJ

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Citation impact of OA literature

• Higher impact

• Open Access

• Early Access

• Self-selection Bias, Quality Bias

• Usage Advantage

• Open Access Advantage (OAA)

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Open Access in Bulgaria, Croatia and Turkey

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OA in peripheral countries

• What is a scientifically peripheral country?

– economy (undeveloped countries, developing and transitional countries)

– “small” language

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OA repositories

Country OA rep. OA IRs Population

Bulgaria 3 3 7.2 mil

Croatia 5 4 4.5 mil

Turkey 11 11 72 mil

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Material types in OA repositories

Country

Journal articles

Books Conf. papers

Thesis Total no. of rep.

Bulgaria

3 1 1 0 3

Croatia 3 2 2 3 5

Turkey 7 4 4 7 11

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Languages in OA repositories

Country Official language

English Other Total no. of rep.

Bulgaria

1 3 0 3

Croatia 5 3 0 5

Turkey 10 6 0 11

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OA repositories - Bulgaria

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OA repositories - Croatia

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OA repositories - Turkey

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OA journals

Country No. of OA journals

Population

Bulgaria 29 7.2 mil.

Croatia 80 4.5 mil.

Turkey 169 72 mil.

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OA journals in DOAJ

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

BulgariaCroatiaTurkey

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Study of OA journals in Croatia

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Croatian OA journals

• 2010• OA journals in 2009:

–MSES’s financial support for the year 2009 – peer-review process – at least one issue of all journals for the year

2009 was freely available online by June 2010

• 133 journals• Hrčak – portal of Croatian scientific

journals

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Hrčak

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

June 2006 June 2007 June 2008 June 2009 June 2010 June 2011

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eISSN

25,60%

74,40%With eISSNWithout eISSN

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Web location

67,70%

29,30%

3%

Hrčak only

Hrčak+publishers'web sites

Publishers' websites only

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Language

30,10%

69,90%All articles inCroatianAt least somearticles in English

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Publishers

0,00%

5,00%

10,00%

15,00%

20,00%

25,00%

30,00%

35,00%

40,00%

Scientificassociation

University Scientificinstitute

Commercialco-publisher

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OA policy

15,80%

84,20%OA policywithout OA policy

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Web of Science

31,60%

68,40%In the WoSNot in the WoS

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OA journals in JCR (2009)

JCR edition Total no. of Croatian journals

Of which OA journals

Sciences Edition

24 18

Social Sciences Edition

12 10

Total 36 28

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Recommendations for libraries

• launch institutional OA repositories;

• improve existing repositories;

• carefully choose the most appropriate software;

• make your repository OAI-PMH compliant;

• take care about copyright;

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Recommendations for libraries

• control and assist in self-archiving;

• propose self-archiving policy for your institution;

• ensure long-time archiving;

• keep informed about global scientific communication trends;

• keep informed about OA development on national and international level;

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Recommendations for libraries

• keep informed about editorial policies of high quality international journals;

• educate your users;

• exchange experiences connected with OA;

• strategically promote your OA repository in the institution and out of the institution.

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Conclusion

• OA – new way of communicating

• OA – tool for accessing, acquiring, disseminating high quality scientific information

• OA model – applicable in scientifically peripheral countries

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Conclusion

• OA awareness?

• National working groups• OA – a good way of solving access

problems

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Thanks for your attention!