1. LBS outline (attached) 2. GEOConnexion article (attached) 3. Pages 3-7 of the “GPS Primer” document that is attached 4. http://www.gisdevelopment.net/technology/gps/techgp0045.htm 5. http://www.swisscom.com/GHQ/content/Media/Medienmitteilungen/2003/tplMediaInfo+38

.htm?lang=en 6. http://www.nttdocomo.com/presscenter/pressreleases/press/pressrelease.html?param%5

bno%5d=595 7. http://www.nttdocomo.com/presscenter/pressreleases/press/pressrelease.html?param%5

bno%5d=594 8. http://www.nttdocomo.com/corebiz/icw/marunouchi.html 9. http://www.nttdocomo.com/corebiz/services/imode/iarea.html 10. http://www.nttdocomo.com/corebiz/services/imode/index.html 11. http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,1876595,00.asp 12. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BCRC?vrsn=149&locID=viva_uva&srchtp=art&c=12

&ste=25&tab=2&tbst=tsAS&atp=SG&docNum=A135383973&art=location+based+services&bConts=0

13. PopKommFest article (attached) 14. GPS World article (attached)

Location Based Services—Have they reached the tipping point? Team members include: Stephen Dion Regina Limlingan Katherine Shirley Ken Zamkow I. Overview of the technology behind LBS What is LBS? Where did it come from? What other technologies including software, hardware and services are involved? II. Consumer-facing applications How are consumers using forms of LBS today? What emerging uses can you think of for consumer-facing applications? III. Mobile Resource Management applications How are businesses utilizing this emerging technology today?

Do you think use of MRM would lead to greater or lower levels of employee satisfaction? Have you interacted with any MRM system in your previous work experience? Can you perform a Porter’s Five Forces assessment of this technology for businesses?

IV. Fleet, Asset Management and additional creative applications Does LBS intersect, extend, or supplement RFID and similar technologies in use? What are the barriers to entry for widespread use of this technology? Will ubiquitous use of this technology add value to the average citizen? V. Implications of LBS Is this a sustaining or disruptive technology? Consumers? Businesses? Are there specific companies in which you would invest monies at this time?

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equator) and longitude (your location on Earth measured east or west of a designated prime meridian) as a way of locating places. Today the prime meridian, used worldwide, runs through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

Early mariners followed the coast closely to keep from getting lost. When they learned to chart their course by following the stars, they could venture out into the open ocean. The ancient Phoenicians used the North Star to journey from Egypt and Crete. According to Homer, the goddess Athena told Odysseus to “keep the Great Bear on his left” during his travels from Calypso’s Island. Unfortunately the stars are only visible at night—and only on clear nights. Sometimes lighthouses provided a light to guide mariners at night and warn them of nearby hazards.

The next major developments in navigation were the magnetic compass and the sextant. The needle of a compass always points to the magnetic North Pole, so it tells you your “heading,” or the direction you're going. Mariner’s maps in the Age of Exploration often depicted the headings between key portsand were jealously guarded by their owners.

The sextant uses adjustable mirrors to measure the exact angle of the stars, moon, and sun above the horizon. From these angles and an “almanac” of thepositions of the sun, moon and stars, you can determine your latitude in clear weather, day or night. Sailors, however, were still unable to determine their longitude. When you look at very old maps, you sometimes find that the latitudes of the coastlines are accurate, but the longitudes are off by hundreds of miles. This was such a serious problem that in the 17th century the British

government formed a special Board of Longitude consisting of well-known scientists. This group offered 20,000British pounds—equal today to about $32,000 but worth a lot more back then—to anybody who could find away to determine a ship’s longitude within 30 nautical miles.

The offer paid off. The answer lay in knowing what time it is when you make your sextant measurements. Forexample, say your Greenwich almanac predicts that the sun is highest at noon. Your shipboard clock,synchronized to Greenwich time when you left port, says it’s 2 p.m. when your sextant measures that event. Then you must be the equivalent of two hours west of Greenwich.

In 1761 a cabinetmaker named John Harrison developed a shipboard timepiece called a chronometer, whichlost or gained only about one second a day—incredibly accurate for the time. For the next two centuries, sextantsand chronometers were used in combination to provide latitudes and longitudes.

In the early 20th century several radio-based navigation systems were developed and used widely during World War II. Both allied and enemy ships and airplanes used ground-based radio-navigation systems as thetechnology advanced.

A few ground-based radio-navigation systems are still in use today. One drawback of using radio wavesgenerated on the ground is that you have only two choices: (1) a system that is very accurate but doesn’t cover a wide area or (2) a system that covers a wide area but is not very accurate. High-frequency radio waves (likesatellite TV) can provide accurate position location but can only be picked up in a small, localized area. Lower-frequency radio waves (like FM radio) can cover a larger area, but are not a good yardstick to tell you exactlywhere you are.

Sextant

Scientists, therefore, decided that the only way to provide accurate coverage for the entire world was to placehigh-frequency radio transmitters in space. A transmitter high above Earth would broadcast a high-frequencyradio wave with a special coded signal that could cover a large area and still reach Earth far below at a usefulpower level. This is one of the main principles behind the GPS system. It brings together 2,000 years ofadvances in navigation by providing precisely located “lighthouses in space” that are all synchronized to acommon time standard.

The GPS system can tell you your location anywhere on or above Earth to within about 20 to 30 feet. Evengreater accuracy, usually within less than three feet, can be obtained with “differential corrections” calculated by a special GPS receiver at a known fixed location.

Elements of GPSGPS has three parts: the space segment, the user segment, and the control segment. The space segment consistsof a constellation of 24 satellites plus some spares, each in its own orbit 11,000 nautical miles above Earth. Theuser segment consists of receivers,which you can hold in your handor mount in a vehicle, like yourcar. The control segment consistsof ground stations (five of them,located around the world) thatmake sure the satellites areworking properly. The mastercontrol station at Schriever AirForce Base, near ColoradoSprings, Colorado, runs the system.

To help you understand GPS let’sdiscuss the three parts of thesystem—the satellites, the receivers,and the ground stations—and thenlook more closely at how GPSworks.

A Constellation of SatellitesAn orbit is one trip in space around Earth. GPS satellites each take 12 hours to orbit Earth. Each satellite isequipped with an atomic clock so accurate that it keeps time to within three nanoseconds—that’s 0.000000003,or three-billionths of a second—to let it broadcast signals that are synchronized with those from other satellites.

The signal travels to the ground at the speed of light. Even at this speed, the signal takes a measurable amount oftime to reach the receiver. The difference between the time when the signal is received and the time when it wassent, multiplied by the speed of light, enables the receiver to calculate the distance to the satellite. To calculate itsprecise latitude, longitude, and altitude, the receiver measures the distance to four separate GPS satellites.

ReceiversGPS receivers can be carried in your hand or be installed on aircraft, ships, tanks, submarines, cars, and trucks.These receivers detect, decode, and process GPS satellite signals. More than 100 different receiver models arealready in use. The typical hand-held receiver is about the size of a cellular telephone, and the newer models

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Monitor stations

MastercontrolstationGround

antenna

User Segment

Control Segment

Space Segment

are even smaller. The commercial hand-held units distributed to U.S. armed forces personnel during the PersianGulf War weighed only 28 ounces (less than two pounds). Since then, basic receiver functions have beenminiaturized onto integrated circuits that weigh about one ounce.

Ground StationsThe GPS control segment consists of several ground stations located around the world:• a master control station at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado• five unstaffed monitor stations: Hawaii and Kwajalein in the Pacific Ocean; Diego Garcia in the

Indian Ocean; Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean; and Colorado Springs, Colorado• four large ground-antenna stations that send commands and data up to the satellites and

collect telemetry back from them

How GPS WorksTo help you understand some of the scientific principles that make GPS work, let’s discuss thebasic features of the system.

The principle behind GPS is the measurement ofdistance (or “range”) between the satellites andthe receiver. The satellites tell us exactly wherethey are in their orbits. It works something likethis: If we know our exact distance from asatellite in space, we know we are somewhereon the surface of an imaginary sphere with aradius equal to the distance to the satellite radius.If we know our exact distance from two satellites,we know that we are located somewhere on theline where the two spheres intersect. And, if wetake a third and a fourth measurement from twomore satellites, we can find our location. TheGPS receiver processes the satellite rangemeasurements and produces its position.

GPS uses a system of coordinates called WGS 84, which stands for World Geodetic System 1984. It producesmaps like the ones you see in school, all with a common reference frame for the lines of latitude and longitudethat locate places and things. Likewise, it uses time from the United States Naval Observatory in Washington,D.C., to synchronize all the timing elements of the system, much like Harrison's chronometer was synchronized tothe time at Greenwich.

You should now have a fairly clear picture of the GPS system. You know that it consists of satellites whose pathsare monitored by ground stations. Each satellite generates radio signals that allow a receiver to estimate thesatellite location and distance between the satellite and the receiver. The receiver uses the measurements tocalculate where on or above Earth the user is located.

Now that you have an idea about how GPS functions, let’s see how we can put it to work for us. As you mightimagine, GPS has many uses in both military and civilian life.

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5. The differences indistance traveled makeeach satellite appear tohave a different time

3. Each satellitetransmits its positionand a time signal

1. All satelliteshave clocks setto exactly thesame time

2. All satellitesknow their exactposition from datasent to them fromthe systemcontrollers

4. The signalstravel to thereceiver delayedby distance traveled

distance to each satelliteand can then calculateits own position

6. The receiver calculates the

Time andorbitposition

Military Uses for GPSAlthough the GPS system was completed only a few years ago, it has already proved to be a valuable aid toU.S. military forces. Picture the desert, with its wide, featureless expanses of sand. The terrain looks much thesame for miles. Without a reliable navigation system, U.S. forces could not have performed the maneuvers ofOperation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom. With GPS the soldiers were able to go places andmaneuver in sandstorms or at night when even the Iraqi troops who lived there couldn’t. More than 1,000portable commercial receivers were initially purchased for their use. The demand was so great that before theend of the conflict, more than 9,000 commercial receivers were in use in the Gulf region. They were carried bysoldiers on the ground and were attached to vehicles, helicopters, and aircraft instrument panels. GPS receiverswere used in several aircraft, including F-16 fighters, KC-135 aerial tankers, and B-52 bombers. Navy ships usedthem for rendezvous, minesweeping, and aircraft operations.

GPS has become important for nearly all military operations and weapons systems. It is also used on satellites toobtain highly accurate orbit data and to control spacecraft orientation.

GPS in Everyday LifeThe GPS system was developed to meet military needs, but new ways to use its capabilities for everyday life arecontinually being found.

GPS is helping to save lives and property across the nation. Many police, fire, andemergency medical-service units use GPS receiversto determine the police car, firetruck, or ambulance nearest toan emergency, enabling thequickest possible response in life-or-death situations. GPS-equippedaircraft can quickly plot the perimeterof a forest fire so fire supervisors canproduce updated maps in the field andsend firefighters safely to key hot spots.

Mapping, construction, and surveying companies use GPS extensively. During construction of the tunnel underthe English Channel, British and French crews started digging from opposite ends: one from Dover, England, andone from Calais, France. They relied on GPS receivers outside the tunnel to check their positions along the wayand to make sure they met exactly in the middle. Otherwise, the tunnel might have been crooked. GPS allows

mine operators to navigate mining equipment safely, even when visibility is obscured.

Remember the example of the car with a video display in thedashboard? Vehicle tracking is one of the fastest-growing GPSapplications today. GPS-equipped fleet vehicles, publictransportation systems, delivery trucks, and courier services usereceivers to monitor their locations at all times.

Automobile manufacturers are offering moving map displays guided by GPS receivers as an option on newvehicles. The displays can be removed and taken into a home to plan a trip. Several Florida rental car

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companies have GPS-equipped vehicles that give directions to drivers on display screens and throughsynthesized voice instructions. Imagine never again getting lost on vacation, no matter where you are.

GPS-equipped balloons monitor holes in the ozone layer over the polar regions as well as air quality across thenation. Buoys tracking major oil spills transmit data using GPS to guide cleanup operations. Archaeologists,biologists, and explorers are using the system to locate ancient ruins, migrating animal herds, and endangeredspecies such as manatees, snow leopards, and giant pandas. GPS is also an important tool used by farmers inagriculture and herding.

The future of GPS is as unlimited as your imagination. New applications will continue to be created astechnology evolves. GPS satellites, like stars in the sky, will be guiding us well into the 21st century.

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Twenty-four GPS satellites orbit 11,000 nautical miles above Earthto serve military and civilian users around the clock. This networkof satellites forms the core of the most precise navigation systemever invented.

International Entertainment Event UsesLocation-based ServicesIntergraph’s geospatial solutions provide festival attendees withinstant mobile access to when and where bands were playing andmap-based instructions on how to get there

The Challenge: How do you keep more than two mil-lion music fans informed with up-to-date concert information at theworld’s largest music fair? To keep fes-tival attendees content and safe,organizers needed to provide fanswith access to spatially referenced fes-tival information on mobile devices.They tapped Intergraph Mapping andGeospatial Solutions for its provengeospatial and location-based services(LBS) technologies to provide a com-plete, searchable event schedule.

Intergraph’s IntelliWhere location-based services technology was at the 2003 Popkomm.Festival inCologne, Germany, to deliver event and venue information.

The Solution:“Where and when does a particular event take place? How do I get there and how do I get backto my hotel?” were commonly asked questions at the 2003 Popkomm.Festival in Cologne,Germany. For those without their own mobile communication devices or Internet access, service-teams of Intergraph Germany GmbH and Terra Map Server GmbH were on the spot, wearing redtee-shirts with the slogan, “Lost? Ask me for the way!”

Attendees of the party strip, which stretched for three kilometers, were able to access informationsuch as driving routes to venues, walking routes to accessible public transportation, artist informa-tion, and event schedules. During the four-day festival, multi-media system (MMS) and short-mes-sage system (SMS)-enabled mobile phones, hand-held devices, and the Internet provided informa-tion that allowed attendees to search for bands by title or genre; locate schedules; read factsabout artists; view images of performers; and get directions to the venue with text instructions ora map.

The use of LBS technology is an initiative of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, calledGeographical Mobile Information (GMI). GMI was implemented to increase the attractiveness ofthe region for big events. The GMI system relies on IntelliWhere LocationServer to enable users toaccess real-time data on various devices.

The system was implemented by a consortium that includes Intergraph as the solution provider,and new Intergraph affiliate Terra Map Server GmbH, Dortmund, as content provider for geo-graphical data and host-platform provider for all applications and services. Other participatingmembers are CeGI (Center for Geoinformation GmbH), an industry body that coordinates the

Products Used:

• GeoMedia®

• GeoMedia WebMapProfessional

• GeoMedia Professional• IntelliWhere ™ OnDemand• IntelliWhere LocationServer

Key Benefits:

With Intergraph location-basedservices, festival attendeescould:• Search for bands by title or

genre, and locate schedules• Read facts about artists and

view images of performers• Get directions to the venue

with text instructions or amap

• Receive personalized newsand live updates in the formof text messages or photoimagery

Profile:

Name – Popkomm.Festival2003, Germany

Popkomm.Festival is Europe’slargest music festival and tradeshow, a four-day event for themusic industry and music fans.Each year, the host city ofCologne, Germany, swells froma population of one million tonearly two million people. Atthe 2003 festival, spectatorsattended performances by 450bands from 27 countries playingin 84 concerts held at 37 differ-ent venues along a three-kilo-meter stretch of the city’sstreets.

Mapping and Geospatial Solutions

C A S E S T U D Y

development of innovative use of geographic information system (GIS) technology, and develop-ment partners, IVC AG of Moenchengladbach, and GCWare of Prague.

In a pre-event news release, Horst Harbauer, managing director of Intergraph Germany, said, “Thisinnovative use of location-based services will add value to events in North Rhine-Westphalia.Event visitors will have the latest information at their fingertips, anytime, anywhere.”

This first-time introduction to a large audience can be considered an important milestone of thedevelopment of such wireless/mobile services. According to Dr. Josef Kauer of Intergraph Germany,“The proof-of-concept has confirmed that these location-based information services are providinga broad range of reasonable and interesting applications. In addition to mass events such asPopkomm, LBS can be used to supply everyday needs, including schedules of public transportationcarriers, points of interest, and cultural events.”

Future Plans:Based on the successful development and implementation of the system for Popkomm and theenthusiastic response of the attendees, the firms involved in the project are looking for opportuni-ties to implement and expand the system at future events. Other music festivals, as well as filmand other arts fests, would be a natural fit for similar systems. A particularly interesting applicationis to provide information to spectators, participants, and event organizers of sporting events thathold contests over days or weeks at multiple venues throughout a region.

Like Popkomm, spectators to such events will benefit by receiving news, schedules, and geographicinformation, customized according to their interests, such as favorite athletes or teams, dates,events, or locale.

Popkomm.Festival 2003, GermanyPopkomm.Festival is Europe’s largest music festival and trade show, a four-day event for the music industryand music fans. Each year, the host city of Cologne, Germany, swells from a population of one million to near-ly two million people. At the 2003 festival, spectators attended performances by 450 bands from 27 countriesplaying in 84 concerts held at 37 different venues along a three-kilometer stretch of the city’s streets.

Intergraph Mapping and Geospatial SolutionsIntergraph Mapping and Geospatial Solutions is a leading geospatial solutions provider for the following mar-kets: local, state, and federal government; transportation; utilities; communications; location-based services;photogrammetry; remote sensing; cartography; and military and intelligence.

Intergraph Mapping and Geospatial Solutions is a division of Intergraph Corporation (NASDAQ: INGR),Huntsville, Ala., and does business in more than 50 countries through its wholly owned subsidiaries and glob-al distributor and partner network.

For more information, visit our Web site at http://imgs.intergraph.com/.

Size – Festival featured 450 bandsfrom 27 countries and 84concerts held at 37 differentvenues

– Festival venues stretched forthree kilometers

Intergraph, the Intergraph logo, and GeoMedia are registered trademarksof Intergraph Corporation. Other brands and product names are trade-marks of their respective owners. ©2004 Intergraph Corporation,Huntsville, AL 35824-6695. CS071A

Mapping and Geospatial Solutions

C A S E S T U D Y

GPS World, May 2005 v16 i5 p38(2)

100 Million strong: industry eyes LBS tipping point; Location-based services have long hovered like a tantalizing mirage, seemingly attainable but just out of reach. Now wireless carriers, manufacturers of GPS-enabled devices, service providers, and application developers think LBS time has come. (MARKETING CHALLENGE) Alan Cameron Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2005 Advanstar Communications, Inc. The announcement in March that "more than 100 million handsets enabled by Qualcomm's gpsOne technology are in commercial use" raised a few eyebrows in the GPS community. That 100-million figure, if substantiated, would jump the total number of GPS receivers worldwide, both standalone and integrated, well above any other previously stated estimate. Educated guesswork constitutes the only way of arriving at a total market volume, as many privately held GPS manufacturers do not release production figures. The Qualcomm claim would make "the gpsOne solution the most widely deployed GPS technology," and the San Diego, California-based wireless communications company the largest GPS provider in the world.

More importantly for the industry as a whole, the presence of 100 million GPS-enabled mobile phones in the marketplace could finally prompt the long-stalled launch of location-based services (LBS). This could in turn firmly embed GPS in both consumer and business daily processes as, truly, "the next utility"--and explode the marketplace.

The March 14-16 Cellular Telephone Industry Association (CTIA) Wireless show in New Orleans, the stage chosen for Qualcomm's announcement, furnished several other indicators of LBS imminence.

NAVTEQ, a digital mapmaker from Chicago, Illinois, hosted its second Global LBS Challenge competition, encouraging application developers to craft new services to entice both wireless carriers and consumers to take the plunge. With co-sponsors Microsoft, Telcontar, SiRF Technology, and ESRI, NAVTEQ handed out six $10,000 cash awards, a $50,000 grand prize, and assorted technology licenses. The stimuli drew interest, with the number of entries up more than four-fold over last year's Challenge.

The Nextel-Sprint merger, announced December 15, 2004, and due to take effect in the second half of 2005 pending federal agency review, will bring together as one entity the two wireless carriers with the best LBS credentials. Reston, Virginia-based Nextel has heretofore focused on the business market, and included among its wireless offerings several navigation, location, and tracking services, over Java- and GPS-enabled phones from Motorola. Sprint, out of Overland Park, Kansas, was the first consumer-focused carrier to announce it would implement a handset-based assisted GPS solution to comply with the Federal Communications Commission E911 mandate. Although neither company made an LBS-related statement at CTIA, industry participants widely expect to see a large-scale consumer LBS offering from one or more carriers by Q4 2005.

At least one consortium of companies floated a concept that would work around rather than through the wireless carriers, whom some have characterized as conservative and slow to

respond to location service opportunities. Digital mapmaker Tele Atlas, manufacturer Socket Communications, and service provider gate 5 put forth their joint smart2go product, a GPS-driven bundle to navigation-enable personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones. Consumers can buy the retail product and pay their wireless carrier for the air-time to download data, without having to wait for their carrier to implement an LBS offering of their own. The device incorporates a u-blox GPS chipset.

Handsets and Carriers

Rob Roveta, senior director of product management for Qualcomm CDMA Technologies (QCT), the company's chipset division, stands by the 100 million figure, adding that the company actually counts conservatively, to ensure that it can meet investor requests for certification. He points out that these are not GPS receivers per se, but chipsets integrating GPS functionality along with other features such as modem, multimedia, and ringtone capabilities.

QCT is embedding GPS across its product line, for all air interfaces, GSM now as well as CDMA. Its chipsets have location-enabled 150 phone models from 20 manufacturers. Slightly more than 50 percent of these handsets are in the hands of North and South American consumers, with just under 50 percent in the Asia/Pacific market.

Carriers have had success with LBS offerings, in Japan, where Roveta says KDDI used them to take away subscribers from rival carrier NTT DoCoMo, and in Korea, where they have generated millions of dollars in revenue. A recent launch by carrier Vivo in Brazil sold half a million GPS-enabled phones in the first three months.

Roveta thinks the turning point for LBS worldwide services has arrived. "We're putting the technology in place for the applications." Qualcomm also offers its Location Server to wireless carriers through its partners Hewlett-Packard, NEC, and TCS.

"Impetus behind LBS applications work has been building for some time. The mistake early on was that the marketing folks got ahead of themselves with the notion of one or two killer LBS apps that would justify the market. I think a set of smaller, more targeted niche apps will get the market going." He points to Nextel's success with a bundle of small applications in its enterprise offering.

"We are now working more closely with LBS application providers to bring more targeted and more specific applications to the North American and European markets." Qualcomm's Internet Services division has also made LBS a priority, with its QPoint product line for operators interested in offering location-based services, and its binary runtime environment for wireless (BREW), a platform that affords developers easy access to different chip features--audio, video, graphics, and GPS.

Global LBS Challenge

NAVTEQ and its partners have meanwhile also encouraged developers to craft location-based applications. "If it's mobile, it's going to be location-aware. No doubt about it," asserts George Filley, vice president and general manager of NAVTEQ's Consumer Business Unit. "It's a completely horizontal market, not vertical at all. Don't throw them content, throw them an eco-system"--meaning an environment of varied LBS applications. "This is not a well-defined niche market." However, the grand winner in the LBS Challenge at CTIA, and category winner for asset tracking/field services, exemplifies the targeted niche market appeal cited by Roveta as key to LBS success.

Bones in Motion monitors and measures physical activity in fitness programs. It records time, distance, speed, location, and calories burned while engaging in outdoor activities. Users can view activity summary, maps (street/topographical/satellite), and speed/elevation charts on their GPS-enabled phones, upload results to a personal online journal, and download maps of routes where other users have run, cycled, or walked--for example, when visiting a new city.

Bones in Motion received $60,000 in cash and $175,000 worth of NAVTEQ map licenses. Other category winners, who garnered $10,000 cash and $75,000 worth of map licenses each:

* in personal security, Clarity Communication Systems Inc. for Whereabouts, a child/teen tracking service for parents;

* in peer-to-peer/find me, LOC-AID Technologies for helping users locate friends, children, family members, or nearby points of interest, and to share their own location with designated peers;

* in navigation/POI look-up/traffic, InfoGation Corporation for Adeona, giving real-time traffic, weather and gas-price information, and nearby points of interest;

* in commerce/advertising/buying/billing, Smarter Agent, acquiring user location from the phone and delivering data such as sale prices, comps, taxes, and houses for sale and recently sold in the vicinity;

* in gaming/location-based imaging, Networks In Motion, Inc. for PhotoFinder, enabling users to manage photos containing location tags, view them on a map, and send to another phone or website with navigation to the spot where the picture was taken.

Show the Money

Will the consumer pay to play? That's the key point still to prove out. Rob Consolazio, senior director of wireless data services for Nextel, had one marketing suggestion. "Don't call it 'LBS'--the consumer doesn't get that." His candidate? A better known concept in the marketplace: "'GPS' gets you a little closer."

Photo courtesy Homeland Security Technology Corporation, showing their Destinator SP with Leadtek GPS receiver Article A132936759