1 Kerala Agricultural Technology Project To Raise Productivity, Quality & Farmer Income on Cash and...
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Transcript of 1 Kerala Agricultural Technology Project To Raise Productivity, Quality & Farmer Income on Cash and...
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Kerala Agricultural Technology Project
To Raise Productivity, Quality & Farmer Income on Cash and Field Crops by Improved Land
Preparation, Soil Nutrition & Water Management
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Objectives To commercially demonstrate higher crop yields,
quality and farm incomes on field, cash and orchard crops by application of advanced methods of land preparation, soil nutrition, mechanisation and water management.
To train lead farmers in Palakad District on these advanced methods.
To strengthen the extension advisory system by establishing village based farm schools supported by a field force of ag consultants to demonstrate & widely disseminate these methods throughout the district.
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Low Indian Crop Productivity (kg/ha)
Crop USA India USA/India
Rice 6622 2928 2.3
Maize 8397 1666 5.0
Wheat 4400 2583 1.7
Groundnut 3038 912 3.3
Soy beans 2452 1007 2.4
Potato 40,238 17,307 2.3
Lint Cotton 928 333 2.8
Tomato 59,295 15,138 3.9
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Low Productivity of Indian Agriculture
India ranks in the bottom quartile countries on productivity of most major crops, despite having the largest area under irrigation and a huge reservior of scientific manpower.
Huge waste of water resources damaging crop productivity, increasing soil salinity and aggravating water shortages. 95% of India’s water use is for irrigation.
Kerala ranks low among Indian states on productivity of most major crops.
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Factors Determining Crop Productivity
Soil preparation Planting methods & tools Plant nutrition Water management Pest management Time & schedule management
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AT is the Answer Advanced agricultural technology (AT)
adapted appropriately to local conditions can raise Kerala’s productivity on most major crops by 100 to 200% or more and double or triple water use efficiency.
California Agricultural Consulting Services (CACS) has already commercially demonstrated this potential on a wide range of crops in India.
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Brinjal in TN
CACS has achieved 17 tons/acre of brinjal in TN compared with TN average of 8 tons. Potential is for 30 tons generating more than Rs 1 lakh/acre profi
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Red Cabbage in TN
CACS has achieved 20 tons/acre of cabbage in TN compared with TN average of 12 tons. Potential is for 30 tons generating more than Rs 1 lakh/acre profi
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Badji Pepper in TN
CACS has achieved 14 tons/acre in Tamil Nadu compared with local average of 6 tons. Potential is 20 tons generating more than 1.5 lakhs profit/acre.
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Okra in TN
CACS technology has produced 6 tons/acre of Okra in TN compared with state average of 2 tons. Potential is for 10 tons yielding income of Rs 50,000 to 1 lakh/acre.
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Sugarbeet gives 50% more sugar than cane in ½ the time with only 2/3rd the water
CACS farmers in CA achieve the highest yields of sugarbeet. Sugarbeet can produce 35-40 tons/acre in TN in 6 months with 15% sugar recover compared to TN average of about 40 tons cane in 12 months with only 10% recovery. Also sugar beet consumes 30 to 40% less water than sugarcane.
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CACS Crop Yields in India vs Local Average
Crop (tons/acre)Local
AverageCACS achieved in
IndiaGrowth
AchievedCACS Potential in
India
Baji Pepper 6 14 133% 20
Beans (Lima) - 1.75 3.5
Beans (Black eye) - 1 2
Brinjal 7-8 15-17 114% 25-30
Cabbage (Red) 12 20 67% 30
Capsicum 8 16 100% 35
Cotton Lint (lb./A) 310 890 187% 2200
Maize 1.2 2.8 133% 7.8
Okra 2 6 200% 10
Rice 1.2 4 233% 6
Sugarcane 40 59 50% 80
Tomatoes 12 38 217% 55
Black Pepper (kg//vine) .5 1.23 140% 1.5-2.0
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Normal Land Preparation in India Ploughing soil only 6 to 8” deep and flat beds results in
Dense packing of earth
Prevent rainwater storage in the soil
Flooding of roots during irrigation & heavy rains which stops plant
growth
Loss of fertile top soil through surface run-off of rainwater
Prevent crop roots from penetrating into soil profile for water and
nutrient uptake
Leads to stunted plant growth
Lower yields
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Soil Penetration 6-8” in India
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Normal Indian Soil
Hard Pan
6”
Rainwater cannot penetrate deeper or drain, so it floods roots & evaporates rapidly. The flooding prevents plant roots from breathing, which is essential for absorption of nutrients.
Roots cannot penetrate so plant growth is stunted. Plants are small, weak, needs frequent irrigation & gives low yield.
Crop
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CACS Method of Land Preparation Deep Soil Chiseling & Furrow Beds
Enable soil to capture & store more rainwater
Retain rainwater to recharge groundwater
Prevent loss of fertile topsoil through excess run-off
Enable root systems to grow deep for nutrient &
water uptake
Reduce need for irrigation to as low as 20%.
Increase crop productivity
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30-36” Soil Penetration in California
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Deep Soil Chiseling
36”
Rainwater stored deep down where it will not easily evaporate & is available to plants for weeks
Roots penetrate deep to reach perennial water supply & nutrients. Plant grows large, strong & highly productive.
Soft Pan
Crop
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Deep Chiseling in USA
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Deep Chiseling Adapted in India
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Normal Flat-bed Land Preparation in India
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Tomato with furrows in TN
Tomato raised in Tamil Nadu with CACS methods consumes only one-third the water & has achieved 217% higher yield (38 tons vs. 12 tons/acre). Potential with CACS technology is 55 tons.
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Flood Irrigation in India
Flood irrigation methods practiced in India waste large amounts of water and drown crops resulting in low water use efficiency & low yields.
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Furrow Irrigation in California
Furrow irrigation on chiseled fields reduces water consumption by upto 70% while increasing crop yields.
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CACS Furrow Irrigation in TN
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Balanced Soil Fertility & Plant Nutrition
Plants require more than 12 essential nutrients to generate healthy and productive growth.
Without these 12 nutrients, genetic potential of hybrid seeds cannot be tapped. (The same hybrid rice seed generates 2.8 tons per hectare in India, 5.4 tons in China & 8 tons in USA.)
In India, soil is being tested for only three nutrients. Even when tests are done for other nutrients, customised
recommendations are not available for each crop. Methods employed in India for application of fertilizers lead to low
absorption, low fertilizer use efficiency, high wastage and high cost. Advanced methods can triple productivity of the same hybrid seed.
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Soil Fertility (USA) – before treatment
Optimum Level Required by Plants
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Soil Fertility (USA) – balanced after treatment
Optimum Level Required by Plants
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Soil Fertility (India) – before treatment
Optimum Level Required by Plants
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Soil Fertility (India) – unbalanced after treatment
Optimum Level Required by Plants
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Critical Needs
Improve crop productivity Improve fertilizer use efficiency Improve water use efficiency Reduce soil salinity Reduce unit cost of agricultural produce
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What CACS Technology can do Improve land use efficiency
Increasing productivity per unit area can reduce the cost per unit of agricultural produce to enhance farm incomes and promote international competitiveness.
Improve fertilizer use efficiency Balancing plant nutrients in the soil optimizes plant intake of applied
fertilisers, safeguarding the environment and reducing soil degradation.
Improve water use efficiency Enhancing the country’s drinking water security through land
preparation techniques that harvest rainwater on millions of acre while reducing waste of irrigated water, improving water use efficiency by over 300%, and reducing the pace of salinization of irrigated lands.
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Kerala Agriculture Technology Project (KAT)
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Project Goals Transfer and disseminate advanced AT (Agriculture
Technology) to double the yield and profitability of
paddy and other major commercial crops, while
reducing the unit cost of agriculture produce.
Teach farmers how to double or triple net income
per acre by higher productivity and quality of crops.
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Project Strategy
Operate project as an autonomous contractor to the Government. Commercial demonstration of productivity & profitability of all
technologies on wide range of crops. Classroom & field training for farm school instructors by CACS. Farm school instructors to apply technology commercially on their
own fields & earn fees for training other farmers. Training subsidy of Rs 1000 per farmer trained. Private consulting team backed by expert system & multimedia
software to provide support services. Lab & equipment services to be charged to users.
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Project Targets Train more than 25,000 farmers on CACS methods
for high profit commercial crop production. Establish 500 village-based Farm Schools. Establish permanent infrastructure for on-going
technical support to lead farmers. Produce training materials and expert system to
support widespread adoption of CACS technology.
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Project Components Model Farm cum Training Centre to demonstrate high yield, high profit
production methods with farm equipment hire centres
Agricultural Precision Diagnostic Centre (APDC) – world class soil lab
Agri-equipment centre with latest equipment for improved land preparation.
Training of Farmer-Instructors to set up village-based Farm Schools
Training and management of a field force of agricultural consultants to
support the Farm Schools
Cyber extension system -- computer software for crop selection & production
Computerized farmer training programme
Links with agro-industries
AT information website
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High Potential Crops Paddy Banana Pineapple & other fruits Vegetables & vegetable seeds -- tomato Tapioca Black pepper, other herbs & spices Sugarcane & sugar beet Maize Coconut Bamboo and other tree crops Orchard -- mango, papaya, custard apple, pomegranate,
sapotta Floriculture – jasmine, anthurium, marigold, chrysanthemum
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Farm Schools (FS) 5 acre model farms in the village on owned or leased lands to
demonstrate CACS methods run by self-employed farmer-cum-Ag-consultants trained by KAT
Each FS to train 30 lead farmers per year in CACS methods On-going technical support from KAT to FSs Each FS has access to computer centre for farmer education &
technical advice Income from training of lead farmers (Rs. 30,000 to 60,000 per
year) for each FS instructor FS instructor is certified by KAT FS instructor is technical representative of KAT in the village
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Agricultural Consultants Agricultural graduates trained in CACS
production technologies will provide field support to the Farm Schools – one consultant per 10 FSs.
Consultants will work on contract basis and be fully accountable for delivery quality information to the FS and referring problems back to the Project Team.
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Training Curriculum for FS Instructors
Crop economics Crop selection methods Land preparation Planting methods & tools Deep chiseling & rainwater
harvesting techniques to optimize water utilisation
Soil & tissue analyses & plant nutrition techniques
Fertilizer placement, timing & methods to improve efficiency
Pest management practices Irrigation scheduling &
methods Crop maintenance practices Harvesting methods Post-harvest handling Agro-industry & agri-business
opportunities Marketing Teaching and communication
skills
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Training Methodology Classroom lectures Practical demonstration on model farms Practical field work and hands on experience
applying all concepts on model farm test plots
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Computerized Farm Advisory Software (FAS)
Recommend best cropping pattern options based on soil analysis, cost of inputs & prevailing market prices, including cost-benefit for each crop
Recommend package of practices for specific crops based on field conditions & soil test results
Generate detailed crop production instructions for the specific crop and field conditions
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Computerized Educational Software Malayalam language 25 to 50 hours of CD-Rom based courseware covering
all aspects of CACS technology For use at training centres, farm schools, secondary
schools and vocational training centres Multimedia: With photographs, video images, text &
voice presentations Interactive: User selects topics and proceeds at own
pace Feedback: Self-tests provide instant feedback to users
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Farmers Trained
Year 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Farm School Instructors Trained
50 100 150 200 500
Agricultural Consultants 10 10 15 15 50
Lead Farmers Trained 1500 3000 9000 15000 28500
Total 60 1610 3165 9215 15000 29000
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Estimated Four Year Budget (lakhs)Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Total
Capital
Investment295 45 45 45 430
Operating Costs 70 77 104 129 380
Training fees & food 3 21 38 101 163
Total 368 143 187 275 972
Crop working capital (additional)
10 15 25 25 75
Total 378 158 212 300 1047
Less net crop income
9 18 40 45 111
Net funds required 369 140 172 255 936
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Capital Investment World-class soil & tissue analysis laboratory Heavy duty imported tractor and shanks for deep soil
chiseling. Smaller tractor and other farm implements. 2 SUVs and 2 motorcycles Computers, printers, scanner, digital cameras, LCD
projector, furniture & equipment Expert system software for Farm Advisory Service Multimedia training CD Roms CACS Consulting fees
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Financial Requirements 1st Year – Rs 366 lakhs (includes Rs 233
lakhs assets) 2nd Year – Rs 100 lakhs 3rd Year – Rs 172 lakhs 4th Year – Rs 255 lakhs